Прошедшее время (past tenses)
3.1. Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple)используется для обозначения:
1. действия, произошедшего в определенное время в прошлом: e.g. The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2. последовательных действий в прошлом: e.g. He came home and switched on TV.
3. повторяющихся действий в прошлом: e.g. He wentout every day.
4. действий, совершенных людьми, которых уже нет в живых: e.g. Princess Diana visited a lot of schools.
Утвердительная форма образуется при помощи окончания, которое добавляется к основе правильных глаголов, и второй формы неправильных глаголов.
Отрицательная и вопросительная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did и начальной формы основного глагола.
Формы простого прошедшего времени:
| Утвердительная форма + | I, You, He, She, It visited/ wentyesterday. We, They |
| Вопросительная формa ? | I, you Didhe, she, it visit/ go yesterday ? we, they |
| Отрицательная форма - | I, You He, She, It did not (didn’t) visit/ goyesterday. We, They |
Будьте внимательны!
1. Если в предложении сказуемое выражено прошедшей формой глагола to be – was/were, этот глагол образует вопросительные и отрицательные формы предложения самостоятельно:
| + | I was tired because I worked much. |
| ? | Why were you tired? |
| - | He wasn’tthere last week. |
2. Если в предложении сказуемое выражено глаголом todo, вопросительные и отрицательные предложения образуются по общим правилам.
e.g. What did you doat the weekend?
They didn’t doany exercises yesterday.
Spelling rules. Правила правописания.Правильные глаголы, как уже было сказано выше, добавляют окончание -ed.
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -е, добавляют только окончание -d:dance - danced
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -у после согласной буквы, утрачивают -у и принимают окончание -ied: try –tried, study – studied.
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -у после гласной буквы, принимают окончание -ed: enjoy –enjoyed.
Если глагол состоит из одного закрытого слога с краткой гласной и заканчивается на согласную, то конечный согласный при добавлении окончания -ed удваивается: plan – planned.
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -l, удваивают l и принимают окончание -ed: travel – travelled.
Возможные указатели времени:обстоятельства времени, такие как: yesterday, last week, 2 years ago, in 1973и т.д.
Exercise 1. Поставьте следующие правильные глаголы в Past Simple, добавив окончание и осуществив орфографические преобразования, если это необходимо.
carry, look, drop, live, try, enjoy, watch, phone, study, miss, love, copy, rob, play, finish, close, cry, stop, stay, dry, travel.
| +ed | +d | - | double consonant +ed |
| looked | lived | carried | dropped |
| ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ |
| ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ |
| ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ |
| ________ | ________ | ||
| ________ | ________ | ||
| ________ | |||
Exercise 2. Перепишите предложения в Past Simple.
e.g. I go to the theater. – I went to the theater yesterday.
1. He helps his sister with her homework.
2. We go to the country every Sunday. We don’t go there by car we go there on foot.
3. How do you get there? – I get there by train.
4. When we are in the forest we cook meals on a fire.
5. She meets her friends in the evening.
6. I don’t get up at 7.
7. We have a barbecue in the garden in summer.
8. They pass the exam.
9. Do you travel abroad when you are on holiday?
10. She has got a nice house.
Exercise 3. Раскроите скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
1. We ____ (not/ buy) a present for her yesterday.
2. I ____ (have) my English lesson yesterday.
3. Mother ____ (cook) a very tasty dinner last Sunday.
4. Queen Elizabeth ____ (be) born in 1926. She ____ (become) Queen of England in 1952.
5. John often ___ (fight) with his brother when they ____ (be) young.
6. Paul ____ (fall) and ____ (hurt) his knee.
7. ‘____ your neighbours ____ (move) house yesterday?’ ‘Yes, we ____ (help) them to move their boxes.’
8. ‘A bus ____ (crash) last night.’ ‘I know. Luckily, all the passengers ____ (survive).’
9. ‘Helen ____ (not/ play) tennis yesterday.’ ‘I know. She’s playing today instead.’
10. ‘____ you ____ (see) Janeyesterday?’ ‘Yes. We ____ (have) lunch together.’
11. ‘____ you ____(ring) me up an hour ago? What ____ you____ (want)?’ ‘I ____ (want) to invite you to the party.’
12. ‘____ you ____ (watch) the horror film last night?’ ‘Yes, but I ____ (not/ enjoy) it.’
Exercise 4.
A Раскроите скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
Ferdinand Magellan 1) ____ (be) a Portuguese sailor who 2) ____ (want) to sail around the world. Emperor Charles V of Spain 3) ____ (give) him five ships and two hundred and sixty-five Spanish sailors. They 4) ____ (leave) Spain on the 20th of September, 1519 and 5) ____ (begin) their long and dangerous journey.
On the journey, Magellan 6) ____ (discover) the Pacific Ocean. Unfortunately, he and many of the sailors 7) ____ (die) in a battle on the 27th of April, 1521. After that, a Spanish sailor 8) ____ take control of the ship and 9) ____ (set off) to complete the voyage. Only one ship and sixteen men 10) ____ (survive) the journey. They 11) ____ (arrive) back in Spain on the 6th of September, 1522. They ____ (be) the first men to sail around the world.
B Прочитайте текст о Ф. Магеллане ещё раз. Напишите вопросы и ответы по тексту. Первые два предложения даны в качестве примера.
1. Ferdinand Magellan / be / a Portuguese sailor?
A: Was Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguese sailor?
B: Yes, he was.
2. the Emperor of Spain / give him / fifteen ships?
A: Did the Emperor of Spain give him fifteen ships?
B: No, he didn’t. He gave him five ships.
3. they / leave / Spain / 1619?
4. the journey / be / long and dangerous?
5. Magellan / discover / the Atlantic Ocean?
6. Magellan / die / with soldiers / in a battle?
7. a Spanish sailor / complete / the voyage?
8. the remaining ship / reach / Spain / 1520?
9. it / be / the first journey around the world?
Exercise 5. Дополните предложения одним из данных ниже глаголов, поставив его в Past Simple.
| |
e.g. Mozart wrotemore than 600 pieces of music.
1.‘How did you learn to drive?’ ‘My father ____ me.’
2. We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we ____ it.
3. I was very thirsty. I _____ the water very quickly.
4. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He's much better than me, so he ____ easily.
5. Don ____ down the stairs this morning and ____ his leg.
6. Jim ____ the ball to Sue, who ____ it.
7. Ann ____ a lot of money yesterday. She ____ a dress which ____ £100.
Exercise 6.Один из ваших друзей вернулся из отпуска. Расспросите его об отдыхе подробнее.
e.g. (where / go?) –– Where did you go?
| 1. who / go with? | 6. the weather / be / fine? |
| 2. food / be / good? | 7. what /do in the evenings? |
| 3. how long /stay there? | 8. meet anybody interesting? |
| 4.stay / at a hotel or at a camp-site? | 9. eat / at restaurants? |
| 5. how / travel? | 10. have / a good time? |
Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в правильную форму в Past Simple, отрицательную или утвердительную.
e.g. It was warm, so I took (take) off my coat. The film wasn't very good. I didn’t enjoy(enjoy) it very much.
1. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I ____ (disturb) her.
2. I was very tired, so I ____ (go) to bed early.
3. The bed was very uncomfortable so I ____ (sleep) very well.
4. Sue wasn't hungry, so she ____ (eat) anything.
5. We went to Kate's house but she ____ (be) at home.
6. It was a funny situation but nobody ____ (laugh).
7. The window was open and a bird ____ (fly) into the room.
8. The hotel wasn't very expensive. It ____ (cost) very much.
9. I was in a hurry, so I ____ (have) time to phone you.
10. It was hard work to carry the bags because they ____ (be) very heavy.
Exercise 8. Исправьте ошибки.
1. He didn’t be the best student of the course two years ago.
2. They didn’t went to the concert last night.
3. Was he come to the lesson on time yesterday?
4. I’m sorry, I can’t come to your party last night.
5. They studyed very hard when they prepared for their exams last summer.
6. A year ago we were in Paris. It was fantastic!
7. It doesn’t often snow last December.
8. I didn’t was ready for the lesson yesterday.
9. Suzan staied with her friends when she visited Moscow in June.
10. When he seen two burglars he said hello to them.
Exercise 9. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Я ложусь спать в 10 часов каждый вечер. Ты тоже ложишься спать так рано?
2. Он провел прошлое лето за городом. Он проводит за городом каждое лето?
3. ‘Ты слышишь эту мелодию?’ ‘Да, это моя сестра готовится к концерту. Ты был на её прошлом концерте?’
4. Куда вы ездили в отпуск год назад? Вы останавливались в отеле?
5. Моя машина сломалась, когда мы ездили в Сочи в прошлом месяце.
6. Полиция поймала двух грабителей на прошлой неделе.
7. Когда он заболел на прошлой неделе, он не вызывал врача.
8. Макс забыл о её дне рождения, поэтому он позвонил ей вчера и извинился.
9. Кто рассказал тебе эту странную историю прошлым вечером?
10. Обычно я не завтракаю, но вчера я сделала себе сэндвич и чашку кофе.
Exercise 10. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в правильном времени: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple.
1. I ____ (be) in a hurry now. My friends ____ (wait) for me.
2. ‘You ____ (be) at the theatre yesterday. ____ you ____ (like) the opera?’ ‘Oh yes, I ____ (enjoy) it greatly.
3. What___ you ____ (do) in your spare time? Have you got any hobbies?
4. Mary usually ____ (phone) me on Sundays but she ____ (not/ phone) last Sunday.
5. ‘What ____ (be) the matter with her? She ____ (be) so excited.’ ‘I ____ (not/ know).’
6. ‘What’s the noise? What ___ (happen)?’ ‘Somebody ____ (knock) at the front door.’
7. It ____ (be) usually dry here at this time of the year. It ____ (not/ rain) much.
8. When I first ___ (tell) Tom the news, he ___ (not/believe) me. He though tit ___ (be) a joke.
9. ‘What time ___ you ___ (leave) tomorrow?’ – ‘We ___ (leave) at 10.30.’
10. The Carters ___ (come) back from Italy yesterday. They ___ (not/ enjoy) the holiday very much because the weather ___ (not/ be) good.
3.2. Прошедшее продолженное время (Past Continuous)используется для выражения:
1. действия, происходившего в определенный момент в прошлом, который обозначен либо обстоятельством времени, либо другим действием в прошлом. При этом ни начало, ни конец действия неизвестны:
e.g. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday? I was writinga letter when you came.
2. длительного действия, протекавшего в определенный период времени в прошлом (from six to seven, the whole day yesterday и т. д.):
e.g. It was rainingthe whole day yesterday.
3. одновременных длительных действий, протекавших в прошлом в один и тот же момент:
e.g. The children were playing in the garden, while their mother was cooking dinner.
Past Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола was/were и причастия настоящего времени (Participle I) основного глагола. В вопросительных предложениях вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательных предложениях перед основным глаголом ставится частица not.
Формы прошедшего продолженного времени:
| Утвердительная форма + | I He was readingwhen he came. She It |
| You We were readingwhen he came. They | |
| Вопросительная форма ? | I he Was shereadingwhen he came ? it |
| you Werewe readingwhen he came ? they | |
| Отрицательная форма - | I He She was not (wasn’t) readingwhen he came. It |
| You We were reading (weren’t)when he came. They |
Возможные указатели времени –– at 7 o’clock yesterday, at that moment, from 5 till 6 yesterday,the whole day/ evening yesterday и т.д. Придаточные предложения с Past Continuous обычно вводятся союзом while ‘в то время как’, ‘пока’, а так же when ‘когда’: e.g. When mother came home, the children were watching TV.
Exercise 11. Перепишите предложения в Past Continuous, изменив показатели времени.
e.g. I am watching TV now. – I was watching TV the whole day yesterday.
1. I am writing an English exercise at the moment.
2. My little sister is sleeping now.
3. My friends are not doing their homework at the moment.
4. They are playing volleyball in the garden now.
5. What are you doing? – I am having lunch.
6. Why isn’t she eating? –She is keeping to a diet these days.
7. I am listening to music at the moment.
8. We are working hard this week.
Exercise 12. Анна и Питер вчера сдавали экзамен. Анна сдала успешно, а Питер – нет. Что же делал Питер вчера, пока (while) Анна готовилась к экзамену? Составьте предложения в Past Continuous.
e.g. Ann/ work/ in the library/ Pete/ listen/ to/ the records –– While Ann was working in the library, Pete was listening to the records.
1. Ann/ attend a lecture/ Pete/ walk along the streets.
2. She/ read a textbook/ Pete/play/ computer games.
3. Ann/ learn the terms/ Pete and his friends/ play football.
4. Ann/ gather information for a report/ Pete and his girl friend/ sit in a café.
5. She/ do sums/ he/ sleep.
Exercise 13. Мистер Браун вернулся вчера рано. Составьте предложения в Past Continuous о том, что делала его семья в тот момент, когда он вернулся.
When father came home yesterday…
e.g. Robert/not sit at home/take the dog for a walk. ––When father came home yesterday Robert wasn’t sitting at home. He was taking the dog for a walk.
1. Jane/ not watch a film on TV/ clear up the mess.
2. The twins/ not listen to music/ do the washing up.
3. His wife/ not cook a meal/ read magazines.
4. Granny/ not talk to her friend on the phone/ have a shower.
5. Amy/ not put on make-up/ try on a new dress.
Exercise 14. Закончите предложения в Past Continuous.
1. Tom burnt his hand while he …
2. The doorbell rang while I…
3. We saw an accident while we …
4. Mary fell asleep while she …
5. The television was on but nobody …
Exercise 15. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в правильную форму в Past Simple, Past Continuous.
A
1. I ____ (play) computer games yesterday.
2. I ____ (play) computer games from 5 till 7 yesterday.
3. What ____ Nick ____ (do) when you came to his place?
4. What ____he ____ (do) yesterday? – He ____ (read).
5. My brother ____ (not/ play) tennis yesterday. He ___ (play) tennis the whole day last Sunday.
6. When he ____ (come) to my place, I ____ (cook) dinner. Then we ___ (eat) it and ____ (drink) tea.
7. When we ____ (be) in the country last summer, we ____ (go) to the wood one day.
8. When I ____ (come) home after work yesterday, my sister (sleep).
9. He ____ (think) about his plan, when he ____ (fall) asleep.
B
Last night a friend of mine ____ (1.celebrate) his birthday. When I ____ (2. arrive), I ____ (3. see) that his flat ____ (4. be) full of guests. I ____ (5. enter) the sitting room. Some boys and girls ____ (6. dance). Several guests ____ (7. sing) a merry song and the host ____ (8. play) the piano. A group of girls ____ (9. listen) to music and other people ____ (10. watch) TV. The guests ____ (11. enjoy) the feast when I left. I had a very good time last night.
C
1. ‘____ you ____ (go) shopping last Saturday?’ ‘Yes, I ____ and I ____(buy) all the things you told me to buy.’
2. Jane ____ (do) shopping while I ____ (clear) up the mess in our room.
3. ‘___ you ____ (play) football yesterday?’ ‘No, we ___ not. It ___ (rain) the whole day yesterday.’
4. We ____ (play) football when a thunderstorm ____ (begin).
5. When I ____ (take) the dog out yesterday evening, I ____ (meet) an old friend of mine. He ____ (hurry) to his sports club.
6. ‘When ____ your brother ____ (come) home last Thursday?’ –– ‘He ____ (not come) on Thursday. He ____ (stay) in the country.’
7. When Tim ____ (return) home at 7 o’clock last Friday he ____ (fall) over and ____ (break) his leg.
8. ‘____ you ____(visit) your grandma last weekend?’ ‘No, I ____ not. I ____ (revise) for my exam.’
9. We ____ (stay) with our grandma when her American guests ____ (arrive).
10. Yesterday at one o’clock I ____ (have) lunch at the canteen. My friends ____ (come) up to me, when I ____ (eat) salad. I ____ (invite) them to the table and we ____ (continue) lunch together.
11. Last week while I ____(drive) home I ____ (see) two little boys. They ____ (look for) something and ____ (cry). I ____ (stop) and ____ (help) them to find the key they had lost. They ____ (be) happy and ____ (thank) me.
D
1. ‘What ____ (you/ do) this time yesterday?’ ‘____ (I/be) asleep.’
2. ‘____ (you/ go) out last night?’ ‘No, ____ (I/be) too tired.’
3. ‘____ (Carol/ be) at the party last night?’ ‘Yes, ___ (she/ wear) a really nice dress.’
4. How fast ____ (you/ drive) when the accident ____ (happen)?
5. John ____ (take) a photograph of me while I ____ (not/ look).
6. ____ (we/ be) in a very difficult position. We ____ (not/ know) what to do.
7. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last ____ (see) him, he ___ (try) to find a job in London.
8. I ____ (walk) along the street when suddenly I ____ (hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody ____ (follow) me. I was frightened and I ____ (start) to run.
9. When I was young, I ____ (want) to be a bus driver.
Exercise 16.Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в правильном времени: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Past Continuous.
1. I ____ (fall) and ____ (hurt) myself while I ____ (play) basketball.
2. ‘What is that noise?’ ‘James ____ (repair) his bike at the moment.’
3. He ____ (clean) the windows when the telephone ____ (ring).
4. ‘____ (be) you busy?’ ‘No, what ____ (you/ want) me to do?’
5. Sally is a nurse. She usually ____ (work) at night. But she ____ (not/ work) yesterday. It ____ (be) her day off.
6. He ____ (read) a book when his mother ____ (call) him.
7. Where ____ (Kate/ go) when you ____ (meet) her yesterday?
Exercise 17. Исправьте ошибки.
1. Simon was washing the car while the fire started.
2. Agatha was opening the door and walked into the house.
3. We were having lunch at a lovely restaurant every day when we were on holiday.
4. Brien drank tea at five o’clock yesterday afternoon.
5. Dad was repairing the TV while Mum cooked dinner.
6. I was going to the cinema last Saturday.
7. We were all danced at George’s house when his parents arrived home.
8. I was buying a new dress for my party yesterday.
9. While Jeff builds the garden shed, he hurt himself.
10. While the teacher were speaking, the students were listening to him.
Exercise 18. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. В комнате было так холодно утром, что мне не хотелось вставать.
2. Когда гости приехали, она приготовила обед.
3. Она готовила обед, когда приехали гости.
4. Я поздоровался с ним, но он ничего не ответил, потому что смотрел телевизор.
5. Все веселились, когда неожиданно прибыли незваные гости.
6. Пока она ходила по магазинам сегодня утром, она потеряла кошелек.
7. Мы ходили на прогулку в парк вчера вечером и видели много снега.
8. ‘Что вы делали на выходных?’ ‘Мы ездили за город и катались на лыжах.’
9. Он родился в Канаде в 1990 году, но вырос в России.
10. Женщина не видела лиц грабителей, потому что в тот момент на них были надеты маски.