Настоящее перфектное время (Present Perfect Tense)
Времена группыPerfect (совершенное или завершённое время) выражают действие, завершившееся к определённому моменту в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени и образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to haveи причастия II.
Present Perfect Tenseупотребляется для выражения действия, завершившегося к моменту речи. При этом время действия не указывается, так как оно не имеет значения, важен сам факт совершения действия к настоящему моменту или его результат. Действие выполнено, результат налицо и есть связь с настоящим.
Мы употребляем Present Perfectдля недавно выполненных действий, которые произошли в неопределенное время в прошлом:
e.g. I have bought a new car. (When did you buy it ? We don’t know.)Неопределенное время, Present Perfect
e.g I bought this car 5 years ago. ( When did you buy it ? 5 years ago.)Определенное время, Past Simple
Не употребляйте Present Perfect c выражениями прошедшего времени: yesterday, last month, 2 days ago, etc.:
Have you seen Did you see the film yesterday?
I’ve been I went to the supermarket a few days ago.
Present Perfectчасто употребляется с наречиями justтолько что, alreadyуже, neverникогда, everкогда-либо,yetещё, уже, c предлогамиfor в течение,sinceс… .
e.g. The mail hasjust come.– Почта только что пришла.
| Утвердительноепредложение + | I /we/ they/ you have donethe work. He/she/ ithas donethe work. | |
| Отрицательноепредложение - | I /we/ they/ you have not donethe work. He/she/ ithas not donethe work. | |
| Вопросительное предложение ? | Общий вопрос | Have I/ we/ they/ you donethe work? – Yes, I have/No, I haven’t. Has he /she/ itdonethe work?- Yes, he has/No, he hasn’t. |
| Специальный вопрос | What haveI done?– Что я сделал? Why hashe donethe work? – Почему он выполнил работу? | |
| Вопрос к подлежащему | Who has donethe work? – Кто выполнил работу? |
Exercise 1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect (have/ has done).
1. I can’t find my passport. I ______ (lose) it.
2. It’s Tom’s birthday tomorrow. I ______ (not/buy) him a present yet.
3. 'Is Nick here?’ – ‘No, he ______ (go) to work.’
4. Look! Somebody ______ (break) that window.
5. I can’t find my book. My sister ______ (take) it.
6. ‘Do you want the newspaper?’ – ‘No, thanks. I ______ (read) it.’
7. I’m looking for Kate. Where ______ she ______ (go)?
8. ‘Are they still having dinner?’ – ‘No, they ______ (finish) it.’
Exercise 2. Исправьте ошибки в каждом предложении. Все предложения в Present Perfect.
l. I broken my arm, so I can't write.
2. I'm sorry, but I have forget your name.
3. I was to Spain eight or nine times in my life.
4. I already do my homework, so can I watch TV?
5. I've seen that film last year.
6. I haven't been to that restaurant already. Is it good?
Exercise 3. Составьте общие вопросы с Have you/ has he ever….?
e.g. you/play/ golf – Have you ever played golf?
1. they / be / to / Australia
2. you / lose / your / key
3. Ann / eat / Chinese food
4. Pete / visited / New York
5. you / win / a lottery
6. you / be / to / Japan
Exercise 4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect или Past Simple.
My best friend is Alison. We (1) ______ (know) each other since we (2) ______ (be) five years old. We (3) ______ (always help) each other, but we (4) ______ (also enjoy) good times together and we (5) ______ (spend) many hours laughing together. We (6) ______ (live) next door to each other before Alison (7) ______ (move) to London. I (8) ______ (visit) her many times since then. She (9) ______ (just buy) a new house, but I (10) ______ (not see) it yet.
Exercise 5. Выберите правильную форму глагола Past Simple или Present Perfect.
1. Bill went / has gone ten minutes ago.
2. We have lived / lived in Brazil for 6 years.
3. Did you go / Have you gone to Spain last year?
4. The weather was / has been bad last week.
5. They have just arrived / just arrived in Moscow.
6. My friend is a writer. He has written / wrote many books.
Exercise 6. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect (have done) /Past Simple (did).
1. ______ you ever ______ to Japan? (be)
2. We ______ married in 1986. (get)
3. I ______ my work yet. (not finish)
4. We ______ London three times. (visit)
5. He ______ home at 7 o’clock last night. (leave)
6. She ______ a job yet. (not find)
7. My daughter ______ born three years ago. (be)
8. I ______ already ______ three letters. (write)
9. My mother ______ as a teacher for 30 years. (work)
10. I ______ never ______ Chinese food. (try)
Exercise 7. Закончите диалог, поставив глаголы в скобках вPresent Perfect/ Past Simple.
John: I don’t know where to go on holiday this year? Have you got any idea?
Mary: (1) ______ you ever ______ (be) to Spain? I (2) ______ (visit) Madrid last year and I really (3) ______ (enjoy) myself.
John: I (4) ______ (spend) two years in Spain. But I (5) ______ never ______ (be) to South America.
ПОВТОРЕНИЕ (REVISION)
Exercise 8. Закончите предложения, поставив глаголы в скобках в правильную форму:Present Simple / Past Simple / Present Perfect.
Monica Cox. Tennis Player.
Monica (1) ______ (be) a tennis player. She (2) ______ (win) many competitions in her life. Monica (3 ______ (start) playing tennis with her father when she was 3 years old. Two years ago she (4) ______ (go) to America to a famous tennis school in California. Monica and her father (5) ______ (travel) to many countries. Last month they (6) ______ (go) to a tennis competition to Australia. Monica (7) ______ (play) very well, but she (8) ______ (not win). She (9) ______ (not play) at Wimbledon Championship yet, but she (10) ______ (hope) to do so one day.
Exercise 9. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму: Present Simple /Past Simple /Future Simple /Present Perfect.
Madonna (1) ______ (be) a famous singer. She (2) ______ (act) in several films as well. She (3) ______ (write) a book some time ago which (4) ______ (become) very popular. She (5) ______ (be) married to Sean Penn who (6) ______ (be) an American actor, but they (7) ______ (get) divorced. Madonna (8) ______ (be) married to Guy Ritchie until a couple of years ago, and she had two kids with him. She also (9) ______ (adopt) two children.
Madonna (10) ______ (travel) all over the world giving concerts. She (11) ______ (have) many hit songs already and she (12) ______ (make) more records in the future. She (13) ______ (act) in more films too. Madonna (14) ______ (become) famous in 1980’s and she (15) ______ (be) now a millionaires.
Exercise 10. Исправьте ошибки в каждом предложении.
1.His brother John not like Maths. At the moment he talks to his friend.
2. Mary didn’t finish her work yet.
3. Tom usually watch TV in the evening.
4. ‘You like pizza?’ – ‘No, I don’t.’
5. Sally live in a flat on the third floor. At the moment she decorates it for her birthday party. She already bought a lot of food. Last year 40 people come to her party and all have a great time.
6. Harry gone to France 2 years ago.
7. Ann have never gone to Rome.
8. Pete has bought a new computer last week.
9. Don’t go into the kitchen. I just clean the floor.
10. Ann is usually visiting her parents on Sundays.
Exercise 11. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму: Present, Past, Future Simple; Present Progressive; Present Perfect.
1. Autumn ______ (to come). It ______ (to be) November now. It ______ (get) colder, the days ______ (to get) shorter. It often ______ (to rain). Soon it ______ (to be) very cold.
2. Yesterday when my homework ______ (to be) ready, I quickly ______ (run) to the yard, because my friends ______ (to wait) for me.
3. We ______ (to have) a good time last summer.
4. Teacher: What you ______ (to learn) for today?
Student: I ______ (to be) sorry, I ______ (not to prepare) my lesson. I ______ (to be) ill yesterday and ______ (not to know) what to do. I ______ (to prepare) my lesson tomorrow.
Teacher: If you ______ (not to prepare) your lesson tomorrow, you ______ (to get) a bad mark.
5. What you ______ (to do) at five o’clock yesterday?
6. When Mary ______ (to come) home, her brother ______ (to read) the book. She ______ (to bring) him this book two days before.
7. Mike always ______ (to do) his homework in the evening, but today he ______ (to begin) doing it as soon as he comes from school, because his father ______ (to promise) to take him to the theatre.