Пассивные формы глагола во временах группы Simple
| to be + III форма глагола |
| Утвердительная форма | ||
| Present Simple Passive am is + examined are | Past Simple Passive was + examined were | Future Simple Passive will be examined |
Например:
| These animals are examined by the vet every day. | Эти животные осматриваются ветеринаром каждый день. |
| These animals were examined by the vet yesterday. | Эти животные были осмотрены ветеринаром вчера. |
| These animals will be examined by the vet tomorrow. | Эти животные будут осмотрены ветеринаром завтра. |
| Отрицательная форма | ||
| Present Simple Passive am not isn’t + examined aren’t | Past Simple Passive wasn’t + examined weren’t | Future Simple Passive won’t be examined |
| These animals are not examined by the vet every day. They are examined every week. | Эти животные не осматриваются ветеринаром каждый день. Они осматриваются каждую неделю. |
| These animals were not examined by the vet yesterday. They were examined on Thursday. | Эти животные не были осмотрены ветеринаром вчера. Они были осмотрены в четверг. |
| These animals won’t be examined by the vet tomorrow. They will be examined next week. | Эти животные не будут осмотрены ветеринаром завтра. Они будут осмотрены на следующей неделе. |
| Вопросительная форма | ||
| Present Simple Passive Am I Is he + examined Are we | Past Simple Passive Was he + examined Were we | Future Simple Passive Will you be examined |
| Are these animalsexamined by the vet every day? | Эти животные осматриваются ветеринаром каждый день? |
| Were these animals examinedby the vet yesterday? | Эти животные были осмотрены ветеринаром вчера? |
| Will these animals be examined by the vet tomorrow? | Эти животные будут осмотрены ветеринаром завтра? |
NB!!! В пассивном залоге могут использоваться только переходные глаголы, т.е. те глаголы, которые могут присоединять беспредложное дополнение. Непереходные глаголы не используются в пассивном залоге. Это такие глаголы как: to fly, to arrive, to be, to become, to have, to lack, to possess, to consist, to belong, to hold, to suit, to appear, to seem, to come, to go.
Exercise. Compare the verbs in Past Simple and Past Simple Passive.
| I told – Я рассказал I asked – Я спросил They gave - Они дали He helped – Я помог I invited - Я пригласил He treated – Он лечил We took – Мы отвели | I was told – Мне рассказали I was asked – Меня спросили They were given – Им дали He was helped – Ему помогли I was invited – Меня пригласили He was treated – Его вылечили We were taken – Нас отвели |
Exercise.Translate into English using the verbs in Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.
1. Мне рассказали – мне рассказывают – мне будут рассказывать
2. Нас спросили – нас спрашивают – нас спросят
3. Нам ответили – нам отвечают – нам ответят
4. Ему помогли – ему помогают – ему помогут
5. Нас пригласили – нас приглашают – нас пригласят
6. Его позвали – его зовут – его позовут
Exercise. Translate from Russian unto English.
1.Вчера я попросил друга помочь мне. 2. Вчера меня попросили помочь другу. 3. Прошлым летом я научил сестру плавать. 4. Прошлым летом меня научили плавать. 5. Я дам свой собаке косточку. 6. Мне дадут суп на обед. 7. Я показал врачу свои зубы. 8. Собаку показали ветеринару.
Exercise.Open the brackets using theverbin Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.
1. Bread (eat) every day. 2. The letter (receive) yesterday. 3. I (ask) at the lesson yesterday. 4. Many houses (build) in our city every year. 5. This work (do) tomorrow. 6. These trees (plant) last autumn. 7. Hockey (play) in winter. 8. This bone (give) to my dog tomorrow. 9. This text (translate) at the last lesson. 10. St.Petersburg (found) in 1703.
NB!!! Глаголы с послелогами: to take care of, to listen to, to laugh at, speak about и другие могут использоваться в пассивном залоге, при этом послелог в пассивном залоге сохраняется.
| Active Voice He laughed at his friends. Он смеялся над своими друзьями. | Passive Voice He is often laughed at. Над ним часто смеялись. |
| They sent for the doctor. Они послали за врачом. | The doctor was sent for. За врачом послали. |
| We spoke a lot about this book. Мы много говорили об этой книге. | This book was much spoken about. Об этой книге много говорили. |
Exercise. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verbs with the prepositions.
1. The discovery of tubercule bacillus by Robert Koch was much spoken about in the end of the 19th century. 2. Respiration is often thought of as a mechanical process. 3. These patients were taken care of by the nurses. 4. Don’t worry, your pet will be looked after by my brother.
Exercise. Rewrite the following sentences using the predicate in the Passive Voice. Pay attention to the position of the preposition.
Model:
| We often speak about her. – She is often spoken about. |
1. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 2. They looked for the book everywhere. 3. As a rule at lectures all students listen to the lecturer with interest. 4. The boy looked after his pet with great care. 5. The senior students sometimes laugh at the freshmen. 6. The teacher sent for the pupil’s parents.
Exercise. Use the verbs in the brackets in the correct form of the Passive Voice.
1. Small amount of iodine (need) by animals for proper growth. 2. Yesterday a specialist in animal nutrition (ask) to give some recommendations to the farmers. 3. The latest discoveries in the field of physiology (discuss) at the conference tomorrow.
Exercise.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Voice and Tense of the verb.
1. New technologies of DNA analyses will be used in this study.
2. Such topics as cloning were widely discussed by scientists at the end of the ХХ century.
3. A full scope of the book is given in the table of contents.
4. The new forms of treatment will be discussed at the press conference tomorrow.
5. The intestinal tract is lined by mucous membrane.
6. The function of thymus is not completely understood.
Exercise. Translate the following pairs of sentences. State the grammar difference between them.
1 (a).The students asked many questions at their classes.
1 (b). The students were asked many questions at their English class yesterday.
2 (a). The joints connect some bones of the skeleton.
2 (b). Some bones of the skeleton are connected by the joints.
3 (a). The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.
3 (b). The shoulder girdle connects the upper extremity with the trunk.
4 (a). The cervical part of the spine is composed of seven cervical vertebrae.
4 (b). Seven cervical vertebrae form the cervical part of the spine.
5 (a) Veterinarians on this farm will give new medicine to the sick animals tomorrow.
5(b) Veterinarians on this farm will be given new instructions on sanitary conditions on this farm tomorrow.
Exercise. Find the predicate of the following sentences. Define the Tense and the Voice of the predicate. Translate from Russian into English.
1. The results of the investigation will be affected by the presence of virus. 2. This phenomenon was reported by several researchers. 3. This scientific article will be followed by another one. 4. His work is much spoken about. 5. Poliomyelitis was eradicated by special methods of treatment. 6. The cardiovascular system was not affected by the disease. 7. Virus infection is influenced by interferon. 8. Courses in organic chemistry and physics are attended by all five-year students.
Exercise.Fill in the gaps with the Active or Passive forms of the verbs in the brackets.
Model:
| 1. The cerebral cortex … all the movements. (regulate) (The cerebral cortex regulates all the movements). 2. The kidneys … a mass of fat. (surround) (The kidneys are surrounded by a mass of fat). |
1. The lung … carbon dioxide. (excrete)
2. Bile … the liver. (excrete)
3. A great number of chemical substances … during tissue activity. (produce)
4. The blood … oxygen round the body. (carry)
5. All proteins … into amino acids. (convert)
6. Vaccines … for influenza virus. ( prepare)
Exercise. Translate the sentences. Define the Tense and the Voice of the predicate.
1. This book will be read by all of us with great interest. 2. Thoracic cavity of this patient was examined by X-rays. 3. Artificial joints were used by the surgeon. 4. His experimental work will be connected with the operations on the joints. 5. The bones of the skull are connected firmly. 6. Method of artificial joints is widely used now. 7. Different scientific experiments on the processes of metabolism will be conducted next semester. 8. Experimental physiology was developed by anatomist William Harvey in the 17th century.
Exercise. Rewrite the following sentences using the predicate in the Passive Voice.
1. Veterinarians will take strict measures to protect this farm from diseases of cattle, sheep and goats.
2. Every day a physician examines dozens of sick patients.
3. This surgeon saved lives of hundreds of people.
4. As a rule veterinarian technologists vaccinate newly admitted animals.
5. People still use horses, donkey and yaks for ploughing fields and transporting goods in many places of the world
Exercise. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Коров доят каждый день. 2. Животных на этой ферме кормят три раза в день. 2. Письменные работы студентов регулярно проверяются преподавателем. 3. Студенческая конференция будет проводиться (hold) в апреле. 4. Все экзамены были сданы успешно (pass successfully) всеми студентами нашей группы. 5. Моя статья была напечатана в прошлом месяце. 6. За этим питомцем хорошо ухаживают (take good care of).