Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The Trans-Siberian Mainline connects the Asian part of Russia with the Pacific Coast. 2. Alexander III commanded to start constructing the Great Siberian Track. 3. The first rail of the future Trans-Siberian Railway was laid down in Vladivostok. 4. The project of the Trans Siberian Mainline was proposed by the Minister of Railways Vitte. 5. The length of this railway is more than 5,000 km. 6. Foreign workers and engineers took part in the construction. 7. The track went through swamps and taiga. 8. The latest machines and mechanisms were used for the railway construction. 9. The construction lasted 15 years. 10. The Great Siberian Railway breathed life into boundless Siberian lands.

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление оборота there + to be.

1. There are 4 pairs of sliding doors on each side of a Metro car. 2. There isn’t enough time for us to catch the next train. 3. In the very first days of railways there were no signals and there was no need for them. 4. There are a lot of goods that can be transported by air. 5. The construction of the first tunnels required much time, effort and money because there were no special equipment for it and only manual labor was used.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s.

1. The “Repin” train departs from St. Petersburg’s Finlandsky terminal. 2. Few people know that the first programmer in the world was Lord Byron’s daughter. 3. Lloyd’s is one of the world’s largest insurance companies. In this company one can (можно) insure not only an airplane or a space satellite but also a football player’s legs or a pianist’s hands. 4. The railway station is an hour’s drive from my house.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.

1. The concrete sleepers are more reliable than the wooden crossties, and they last longer. 2. As the rail joint is the weakest part of the permanent way, it is necessary to use longer rails. 3. The most outstanding miniature railway in the world is the track which encircles the Disney Park. 4. The efficiency of electric locomotives is 4 times higher than that of steam locomotives. 5. Heathrow, Britain’s largest international airport is linked with the capital by the Underground.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.

1. The cost of tickets in a sleeping car is (high) than the fare in an open-type coach because sleeping cars are (convenient) for traveling. 2. Although there are now (fast) and (modern) means of transport, railways still remain (safe) and (popular) form of transport. 3. One of (great) advantages of the electric car is that it doesn’t contaminate the environment. 4. One of (convenient) and (fast) means of freight transportation is a container. 5. Our (good) diesel locomotive develops a speed of 170 km per hour.

V. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.

1. The repair of railway track usually takes place in summer. 2. The train for London will depart from platform №2 in 5 minutes. 3. Liquid goods are carried in tank cars. 4. A large number of cars were parked near the private law firm. 5. This article is about a new high-speed railway. 6. Nowadays railways face competition from other means of transport primarily from motor carriers. 7. Last year fares more than doubled because of inflation.

VI. Перепишите и переведите текст.

ENGINES

Do you know what the first engine was like? It was called “the water wheel”. This was an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turned it. These first engines were used for irrigating fields. Then a wind-powered engine was invented. It was a small wheel with long wide wooden blades attached to it. The new engine was driven by the wind. Both of these engines, the water-and wind- operated, are very economical. They don’t need fuel to function, but they are dependent on the weather.

Many years passed and people invented a new engine operated by steam. In a steam engine there is a furnace and a boiler. The furnace is filled with wood or coal and then lit. The fire heats the water in the boiler and when it boils, it turns into steam. The (чем) more coal is put in the furnace, the (тем) stronger the fire is burning. The more steam there is, the faster a train or a boat is moving. The steam engine drove all sorts of machines, for example, steam ships and steam locomotives. The very first aeroplane built by A.F. Mozhaisky also had a steam engine. This engine played a very important part in the history of transport and industry development. However it had its disadvantages. It was too large, heavy and needed too much fuel.

The imperfections of the steam engine led to the design of a new type. It was called the internal combustion engine, because its fuel ignites and burns inside the engine itself and not in a furnace. It is smaller and lighter than a steam engine because it does not have a boiler. It is also more powerful, as it uses better-quality fuel: petrol or kerosene.

The internal combustion engine is now used in cars, diesel locomotives and motor ships. But in order to enable airplanes to fly faster than the speed of sound another more powerful engine was needed. Eventually, one was invented and it was given the name “jet engine”. The gases in it reach the temperature of over a thousand degrees. It is made of a very resistant metal so that it will not melt.