Network – a new era in communication.
Today the Internet has become a word-wide network of networks. It interconnects millions of computers that differ in size, from comparatively simple to complex supercomputers. It is linking of ten thousands of educational institutions, business, and public organizations with of individual users. That is why the Internet is referred to as the information superhighway.
People are using the Internet for many purposes. Among them- to find and retrieve important documents, to carry on long distance conversations and relationship with other users, to connect to supercomputers and numerous other activities.
What is known that the Internet was originally formed in 1970 as a military network. A few years later, the Internet opened to nonmilitary users. However, most popular it became some ten years later when many educational institutions and a lot of businesses around the world came on-line.
When in 1993 Internet connections were first made available to individuals, usage of the network greatly increased. Many millions of new users came on-line within a short period. A new era of computer communication was announced to begin. Most networks on the Internet make certain files available to other networks. These common files can be databases, programs or electronic mail from the individuals on the network. Each of hundreds of thousand of international sites provides thousands of portions of data available to users.
It should be noted that the Internet is not the only way for the computer users to communicate with each other. A number of commercial on-line services also provide connections to those who pay for it. These services provide a great range of information including on-line conferencing, access to encyclopedias, and other educational means and reference works, electronic forums for specific users’ groups, sports fans and so on.
Словарь-минимум:
| word-wide | всемирный |
| interconnect v | соединять между собой |
| differ v | различаться |
| comparatively a | сравнительно |
| simple a | простой |
| huge a | огромный |
| link v | соединять |
| announce v | объявлять |
| data n | данные |
| pay for | платить за |
| refer v | ссылаться |
| purpose n | цель |
| retrieve v | обретать ч- л |
| numerous a | многочисленный |
| military a | военный |
| available a | доступный |
| increase v | увеличивать |
| communicate v | общаться |
| provide v | обеспечивать |
| range n | зд. Количество |
UNIT 2.
Предлоги
| Предлоги, обозначающие движение | ||
| Название предлога | Случаи употребления | Примеры |
| to | Движение по направлению к предмету, протекающему процессу | Come to me Подойдите ко мне |
| from | Движение от предмета, удаление от протекающего предмета | Take this book from the table Уберите книгу со стола I come from Russia Я из России |
| into | Движение внутрь ограниченного пространства | Put the book into the bag Положи книгу в портфель |
| out of | Движение из ограниченного пространства | Take the book out of the table Достань книгу из стола |
| on (to) / onto | Движение на поверхность | Snow fell onto the ground Снег падал на землю |
| through | Через, сквозь | He went in through the door Он вошел через дверь |
| Предлоги, обозначающие место | ||
| at | местонахождение у предмета, а также где протекает определенный процесс | I am sitting at the table Я сижу у стола I study at school Я учусь в школе |
| in | местонахождение внутри ограниченного пространства | He is in the office—Он в офисе The books are in the bag Книги в портфеле. |
| on | местонахождение на поверхности | The book is on the desk. Книга на столе. |
| under | местонахождение под другим предметом | The book is under the table. Книга под столом. |
| across | через | My school is across the street. Моя школа через дорогу. |
| above | местонахождение над другим предметом | There is a lamp above the table. Над столом висит лампа. |
| between | между | Between us. — Между нами. |
| in front of | местонахождение предмета впереди другого предмета. | There is a telephone in front of him. Перед ним стоит телефон |
| behind | местонахождение предмета позади другого предмета | There is a sport ground behind the school.—За нашей школой спортплощадка. |
| around | местонахождение одного предмета вокруг другого предмета | We are sitting around the table. Мы сидим вокруг стола. |
| beyond | по ту сторону | Beyond the limits of the city. За пределами города. |
| over | над, через, сверх | There is a bridge over the river. Над рекой мост. |
| near | вблизи, около, рядом, с, возле, за | She is sitting near the table. Она сидит за столом. |
| up | вверх | Up the river. — Вверх по реке. |
| down | вниз | Down the river. — Вниз по реке. |
| Предлоги времени | ||
| in | внутри временного отрезка | In April, in 1999.—В апреле, в 1999 году. |
| in | через некоторое время | In an hour, in two days. Через час, через два дня. |
| at | в (точка во времени) | At 5 o’clock, at midnight. В 5 часов, в полночь. |
| on | в (с названиями дней недели, датами) | On Monday, on the 10th of February.—В понедельник, 10 февраля. |
| by | к определенному моменту | By 8 o’clock tomorrow. К восьми часам завтра. |
| for | в течении (отрезок времени) | For an hour—В течении часа. |
| during | вовремя ( чего-либо) | During the lesson—во время урока. |
| after | после (чего-либо) | After work—после работы. |
| before | перед (чем-либо) | Before the lesson.Перед ур-м |
| within | внутри, в рамках | Within a month—в течении месяца. |
| Прочие предлоги | ||
| by | при, около, посредством | By the window, by plane Около окна, самолетом |
| with | вместе с | With a friend – с другом |
| for | для | I’ll do it for you. Я сделаю это для тебя. |