Policy office elections to vote multiparty affiliation to represent

1. A way of doing something that has been officially agreed and chosen

2. An important job or position with power, especially in government

3. Involving or including more than one political party

4. The connection or involvement that someone or something has with a political, religious organization

5. To officially speak or take action for another person or group of people

6. To show by marking a paper, raising your hand etc. which position you want to elect

7. Voting to choose someone for an official position

4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях следующими словами:

Policy office elections to vote multiparty affiliation to represent - student2.ru

Deadlock emerged gained office official policies power serves support winning

1. Senator Moynihan was a leading authority on family and welfare …

2. Trujillo held … as finance minister.

3. Local government has recently … as a major issue.

4. They signed a petition in … of the campaign.

5. Ann … on various local committees.

6. The talks have reached a complete … .

7. As a business, they have found a … formula.

8. Nothing will change until there are more women in position of … .

9. Radical left-wing parties …control of local authorities.

10. Yesterday a government … made a speech on unemployment.

Text 4

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Cabinet government

Although there are many constitutional democracies in the world today, most are organized in ways that mirror the governments of either the United States or the United Kingdom. One component of government that is common to both types is a cabinet, or a body of advisers to the chief of state. In both systems the cabinet members also serve as the heads of government departments, but in other respects the bodies are quite different.

The United States has what is called a presidential system of government. This system is based on the principle of separation of powers. There is a single executive, and the executive office, or that of the president, is separate from the legislative branch, or Congress, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Cabinet members are part of the executive and therefore are prohibited from simultaneously serving as members of Congress or in the federal judiciary. They may, however, appear before Congressional committees to give information or advice. Many countries in Latin America and Africa have adopted the American model. Examples include Brazil, Mexico, Kenya, and South Africa.

The United Kingdom has a parliamentary form of government. There is no separation of powers as in the United States. There are two executives: one is the ceremonial head of state, who is the reigning king or queen, and the other is the prime minister. The executive branch is headed by the prime minister, who appoints a Cabinet that is made up of members of Parliament, which in turn consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. This system is also called a cabinet form of government in recognition of the central role of the Cabinet.

Most constitutional democracies have followed the British model, often with modifications. Examples include Italy, Germany, Sweden, Japan, Canada, Australia, India, Israel, and The Netherlands. The position of head of state in many of these countries is occupied by an appointed or elected official rather than a hereditary one.

Although not widely adopted, a third model combines the presidential and parliamentary systems. France, under the constitution of 1958, has what is sometimes called a semipresidential system of government. Its president is directly elected and has extensive powers, including the power to dissolve the National Assembly, the more powerful of the two legislative houses. The president appoints a cabinet, or Council of Ministers, to administer the country and presides over its meetings. The prime minister leads the Council and has considerable influence, but he and the rest of the Council are accountable to the legislature. A motion of censure in the National Assembly can cause the government to fall. Sometimes the president must appoint a prime minister from a party other than his own. In such cases the president's power is diminished. Variations of this system have been

adopted in some eastern European countries, including Russia, Bulgaria, and Poland.

2. Скажите, соответствуют ли данные утверждения прочитанному тексту:

1. Modern constitutional democracies do not have anything in common with the USA and the United Kingdom.

2. The USA's system of government is based on the principle of the separation of powers.

3. The executive and the legislative branches aren't separated in the USA.

4. The American model of government exists only in the USA.

5. In the UK's system of government there is no separation of powers.

6. There is one executive in the UK's system: it is the Queen / the King.

7. The UK's model of government hasn't been adopted in constitutional democracies.

8. One of the models of government combines the presidential and parliamentary systems.

3. Подберите к определениям соответствующие термины:

1. reign A to choose someone to have a particular position