Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
1. The Model T automobile was introduced in XX century.
2. Model T’s were available in any colour that any customer wanted.
3. Fordism is the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly line, coupled with high wages for his workers.
4. Ford had a global vision, he believed in accounts.
5. A franchise system put a dealership only in North America.
5. Match the words from the text with their definitions:
Cylinder a circular object that revolves on an axle, fixed below a vehicle.
Wheel a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion.
Spring a piston chamber in a steam or internal-combustion engine.
Engine an elastic device, typically a helical metal coil, that can be pressed or pulled but returns to its former shape when released.
· GRAMMAR FOCUS
Modal verbs Модальные глаголы
| Modal verbs | Ways of using | Examples | Equivalents | Ways of using | Examples |
| Can/could | Выражает: a)умение b) разрешение c) вероятность в настоящем или в будущем | She can speak fluent German. Can/could I interrupt for a moment? Of course, I could be wrong. | Be able to (am/is/are/ was/were able to) | Выражает: a) умение b) разрешение | She is able to speak fluent German. Am I able to interrupt for a moment? |
| May/Might | Выражает: a) разрешение (в первом лице: формальный стиль) b) вероятность в настоящем или в будущем | May I speak to you for a moment? There may be a storm later. | Be allowed to(am/is/are/ was/were allowed to) | Выражает: a) разрешение | She is allowed to go to parties on weekends. |
| Must | Выражает а) обязанность б)запрет в) логическую необходимость | I must go home now. It’s late.(=I have decided this) You mustn’t smoke in here. He’s not answering his phone. He must be in a meeting. | Have to /have got to Don’t have to Should/ shouldn’t =Ought to/ought not to | Выражает необходимость в силу обстоятельств (приходится, нужно) Выражает совет, пожелания | I’ve got to be at work early tomorrow morning. (=my boss decided this, I have an early meeting) You don’t have to buy a ticket if you don’t want to. You should be in bed by now. (=this is the right thing). =You ought to be in bed now. You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate. (=it’s not a good idea). |
Choose the correct alternative
a) If you like, I can/may make an appointment for you to see Dr. Krall tomorrow.
b) Passengers mustn’t/don’t have to smoke while on board the plane.
c) Don’t let Sylvie climb that tree. She can/might fall.
d) You probably shouldn’t/mustn’t keep your passport in that pocket: it should/could easily be stolen.
e) I’m afraid Karen can’t/couldn’t come to the party tomorrow because she’s got flu.
f) Oh no! It mustn’t/can’t be seven o’clock already! Jill and Graham will be here in fifteen minutes!
g) I absolutely ought to/have to leave the house at six if I want to be at the station by six-thirty.
h) Be careful, that pot’s very heavy. You have to/could hurt your back.
Find the mistakes and underline them. Then write the correct sentences.
1. I can’t to come to your Christmas party next week. I can’t come
2. Do you can ride a bicycle?
3. They say she cans run very fast.
4. Could they to go to the air show tomorrow?
5. We can’t visit the folk dance festival yesterday.
6. He didn’t can get to the school ball last Saturday.
Rewrite the sentences with perhaps or maybe, without changing the meaning.
1. I may play football next Saturday. (perhaps)
Perhaps I will play football next Saturday.
2. He might come with us to the New Year’s Dance. (maybe)
3. Chelsea might win the Champion League. (perhaps)
4. They may invite us to their engagement party. (maybe)
5. She might go to the Easter Races without you. (perhaps)
6. We may put up the Christmas decorations tonight. (maybe)
4. Write the rules by completing them with you must (+) or you must not (-)
1. drive on the left in Britain. (+) You must drive on the left in Britain.
2. cross the road at the zebra crossing (+)
3. walk on the grass (-)
4. smoke inside the restaurant (-)
5. wear a seat belt when you drive (+)
6. go out without your identity card (-)
Tick the correct sentences.
1. a)(˅) Notice: Deep water. You must not swim here.
b)( ) Notice: Deep water. You don’t have to swim here.
2. a)( ) Mother: You mustn’t get up early tomorrow. There is no school.
b)( ) Mother: You don’t have to get up early tomorrow. There is no school.
3. a)( ) Teacher: You mustn’t run in the corridors. It’s dangerous.
b)( ) Teacher: You don’t have to run in the corridors. It’s dangerous.
4. a)( ) Policeman: You mustn’t drive so fast. It’s 50-km-per-hour zone.
b)( ) Policeman: You don’t have to drive so fast. It’s 50-km-per-hour zone.
5. a)( ) Classmate: You mustn’t give in your essay until Friday. There’s lots of time.
b)( ) Classmate: You don’t have to give in your essay until Friday. There’s lots of time.
6. a)( ) Judge: I’m banning you from driving for 12 months. You mustn’t drink and drive again.
b)( ) Judge: I’m banning you from driving for 12 months. You don’t have to drink and drive again.