Будущее в прошедшем в английском языке

1. В английском языке есть особые формы для выражения действий, которые представляются будущими с точки зрения прошлого. Они называются формами “the Future in the Past” и образуются с помощью вспомогательных глаголов should и would с соответствующим инфинитивом (без to):

- the Future Indefinite in the Past - should / would work

- the Future Continuous in the Past - should / would be working

- the Future Perfect in the Past - should / would have worked

- the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past - should / would have been working

2. The Future-in-the Past Tense употребляется для выражения будущих действий, о которых шла речь в прошедшем времени. Все три формы будущего в прошедшем употребляются в тех же значениях, как и обычные формы будущего времени, с той только разницей что действие в этом случае представляется будущим не с момента речи в настоящем, а с какого-нибудь момента в прошлом. Грамматическое значение английских глаголов в формах будущее в прошедшем в русском языке передают глаголами в будущем времени:

Ex.: We knew that we should manage somehow. – Мы знали, что как-нибудь справимся.

I expected we should be having coffee after dinner as usual. – Я полагал, что мы, как обычно, будем пить кофе после обеда.

I hoped she would have got supper ready by the time we got home. – Я надеялся, что она уже приготовит ужин к нашему приходу.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Прямая и косвенная речь в английском языке

1. Чужое высказывание может быть либо передано так, как оно было произнесено (прямая речь), либо описано с помощью сложносочинённого предложения (косвенная речь).

2. При изменении прямой речи в косвенную соблюдаются следующие правила:

1) Запятая и кавычки опускаются.

2) Все личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются в зависимости от лица, от которого ведется речь. (1л. 3л., 2л. 1,3л.)

3) Повествовательные предложения вводятся глаголами to say, to tell, to announce, to inform, to declare, to admit, to promise, to remark, to remind, to assure, to deny и др. А также союзом thatили же без него.

Ex.: She says: “I’ll do it”. – She promises (that) she will do it.

Если есть дополнение, то глагол say заменянтся на tell, или же употребляется с предлогом to (says to Olga - tells Olga, said to Boris - told Boris).

Повелительные предложения вводятся глаголами to tell, to order, to command, to request, to beg, to implore, to urge и др и выражаются инфинитовом.

Ex.: “Please, help Ann”, he asks. – He asks to help Ann.

“Don’t open the window”, mother says. – Mother asks not to open the window.

Вопросы вводятся глаголами to ask, to wonder, want to know, to inquire и в них соблюдается прямой порядок слов, как в повествователньом предложении.

Общие вопросы вводятся словами if, whether.

Ex.: I say to her: “Do you live here?” – I wonder if she lives here.

Специальные вопросы вводятся специальными вопросительными словами.

Ex.: Jane says: “What language do you learn?” – Jane wants to know what language I learn.

3. Если в прямой речи глагол главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, то при преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную время глагола придаточного предложения меняется в соответствии с правилами последовательности употребления времён (Правило Согласования времен). Именно в этом основное различие между русским и английским языками в употреблении косвенной речи. Например:

Ex.: Peter asked: “Do you like ice-cream?” – Peter asked if I liked ice-cream.

Marry said: “I have never been to Rome”. – Marry said that she had never been to Rome.

Вопросы по теме:

1. Расскажите о характерных особенностях правила согласования английских времен.

2. Расскажите, в каких придаточных предложениях правило согласования времен соблюдается, а в каких нет.

3. Расскажите о смене наречий при согласовании времен.

4. Расскажите о будущих временах с позиций прошлого.

5. Расскажите, как трансформируются повествовательные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

6. Расскажите, как трансформируются общие и специальные вопросы из прямой речи в косвенную.

7. Расскажите, как трансформируются побудительные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на употребление времен в рус­ском и английском языках.

1. I knew that you were ill. 2. I knew that you had been ill. 3. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 4. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning. 5. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, ho was very pleased. 6. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased. 7. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 8. We did not know where our friends had gone. 9. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 10. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 11. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage. 12. I didn't know that you had worked at the Hermitage.

Упражнение 2. Перепишите следующие предложе­ния в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополни­тельного предложения от времени главного.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требую­щееся время глагола.

1. Не said he (is staying, was staying) at the "Ritz" Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 3. He asked me where I (study, studied). 4. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 5 He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 8. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sit­ting-room. 9. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 10. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 11. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 12. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 13.1 want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 14. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в требующемся времени.

1.Не said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) the book. 3. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 4. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 5. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 6. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 7. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 8. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 9. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 10. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 11. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 12. Sarah understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 13. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 14. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 15. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 16.1 suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.

Упражнение № 5. Переведите на английский язык, со­блюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 2. Он ду­мал, что она не придет в школу. 3. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 4. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 5. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 6. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 7. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 8. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 9. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 10. Я знал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и пола­гал, что ты навестишь меня. 11. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья прислали письмо из Лондона. 14. Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билета в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Мой дедушка сказал, что в молодости он любил кататься на коньках. 19. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала "Травиату."

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык, со­блюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Сестра сказала, что хочет приехать к нам сама. 2. Я знала, что она очень занята. 3. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в дом. 4. Гид предупредил нас, что в этой части города движение довольно сильное. 5. Секретарь не за­метил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает. 6. Все мы знали, что ее семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 7. Лена сказала, что она дарит нам эту картину. 8. Я знала, что она работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она счастлива. 9. Она ска­зала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 10. Он сказал, что любит эту пьесу. 11. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо. 12. Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец — профес­сор и живет в Москве. 13. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 14. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым.

Упражнение 7. Передайте следующие повелитель­ные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Go home," said the teacher to us. 2. "Buy some meat in the shop," said my mother to me. 3. "Sit down at the table and do your homework," said my mother to me. 4. "Don't forget to clean your teeth," said granny to Helen. 5. "Don't sit up late," said the doctor to Mary. 6. The doctor said to Pete: "Don't go for a walk today." 7. "Don't eat too much ice-cream," said Nick's mother to him. 8. "Explain to me how to solve this problem," said my friend to me. 9. The doctor said to Nick: "Open your mouth and show me your tongue." 10. "Don't be afraid of my dog," said the man to Kate. 11. "Take this book and read it," said the librarian to the boy.

Упражнение 8. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 2. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 3. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse." 4. The rich man said to the judge: "This man's horse has killed my horse." 5. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 6. "I can't ex­plain this rule to you," said my classmate to me, 7. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 8. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here." 9. Mike said: "We have bought these books today." 10. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation," 11. Our teacher said: "Thackeray's novels are very interesting." 12. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form." 13. Nellie said: "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year."

Упражнение 9. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 2. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 3. Boris said: "I go to the south every year." 4. He said: "I am going to a rest-home tomorrow." 5. Ann said to us: "They haven't yet come." 6. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Pe­tersburg yesterday." 7. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them." 8. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 9. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long." 10. He said to me: "They are staying at the 'Europe' hotel. 11. He said: "They are leaving next Monday." 12. The clerk said to them: "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs."

Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me: "I want to see you today." 2. She said: "I am free tonight". 3. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 4. The pupil said to the teacher: " Ican do my homework after dinner." 5. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a fa­mous singer." 8. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness." 9. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 10. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day." 11. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 12. The student said: "I can't answer this question. I don't understand it." 13. The mother said: "The children are in the nursery, doctor." 14. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 15. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me.

Упражнение 11. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. Не said that while crossing the English Chan­nel they had stayed on deck all the time. 2. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 3. She said she was feeling bad that day. 4. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 5. He told me he was ill. 6. He told me he had fallen ill. 7. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 8. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 9. She told me she had caught cold. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health-resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Упражнение 12. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Nick: "Where are you going?" 2. I said to him: "How long are you going to stay there?" 3. I said to him: "How long will it take you to get .there?" 4. Pete said to his friends: "When are you Cleaving St. Petersburg?" 5. He said to them: "Who will you see before you leave here?" 6. They said to him: "What time does the train start?" 7. Ann said to Mike: "When did you leave London?" 8. She said to Boris: "When Will you be back home?" 9. Boris said to them: "How can I get to the rail­way station?" 10. Mary asked Tom: "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 11. She asked me: "Why didn't you come here yesterday?" 12. She asked me: "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 13.1 asked Mike: "What will you do after dinner?" 14. I asked my uncle: "How long did you stay in the Crimea?" 15. Ada said to me: "Where did you see such trees?" 16. I said to Becky: "What kind of book has your friend brought you?" 17. Mother said to me: "Who has brought this parcel?" 18. He said to her: "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?"

Упражнение 13. Передайте следующие общие воп­росы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Boris: "Does your friend live in Lon­don?" 2. I said to the man: "Are you living in a hotel?" 3. Nick said to his friend: "Will you stay at the 'Hilton'?" 4. He said to me: "Do you often go to see your friends?" 5. He said to me "Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?" 6. Mike said to Jane: "Will you come to the rail­way station to see me off?" 7. She said to me: "Have you sent them a telegram?" 8. She said to me: "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?" 9. I said to Mike: "Have you packed your suit­case?" 10. I said to Kate: "Did anybody meet you at the station?" 11. I said to her: "Can you give me their address?" 12. I asked Tom: "Have you had breakfast?" 13. I asked my sister: "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?" 14. I said to my mother: "Did anybody come to see me?" 15. I asked my sister: "Will Nick call for you on the way to school?" 16. She said to the young man: "Can you call a taxi for me?" 17. Mary said to Peter: "Have you shown your photo to Dick?" 18. Oleg said to me: "Will you come here tomor­row?" 19. He said to us: "Did you go to the museum this morning?"

Упражнение 14. Передайте следующие вопроситель­ные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The teacher said to Mike: "Does your father work at a factory?" 2. Mother said to us: "What are you doing here?" 3. Father said to Nick: "Have you done your homework?" 4. Tom said: "Ann, where are your friends?" 5. Kate said: "Mike, do you like my dress?" 6. Grandfather said to Mary: "What mark did you get at school?" 7. My sister said to me: "Will you take me to the theatre with you tomorrow?" 8. Mother asked me: "Did you play with your friends yesterday?" 9. "Why don't you play with your friends, Kate?" said her mother. 10. "Do you like chocolates?" said my little sister to me. 11. "Did you see your granny yesterday, Lena?" asked Mr. Brown. 12. The doctor asked Nick: "Do you wash your face and hands every morning?"

Упражнение 15. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a head­ache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medi­cine. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 6. I asked the man how long he had been in St. Peters­burg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a health-resort. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.

Упражнение 16. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Father said to Jane: "Show me your exercise-book." 2. "What are you doing here, boys?" said Kate. 3. "Don't make noise," said Tom's mother to him. 4. Helen said to Pete: "Did you play chess with your father yesterday?" 5. Kate said to her grandmother: "Help me to cook the soup, please." 6. Mike said to the teacher: "My sister knows two foreign languages." 7. "What have you prepared for today, children?" said the teacher. 8. Tom said to his sister: "I saw your friend at the library yes­terday." 9. The teacher said to the pupils: "Don't open your books." 10. Mother said to me: "You will go to the cinema tomorrow."

Упражнение 17. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Don't cross the street under the red light," said the man to Nick. 2. "I took a very good book from our library yesterday," said Mike to his fa­ther. 3. "Come to my house tomorrow, Jane," said Lena. 4. "Where are your books, Betsy?" said her mother. 5. "Do you like my pies, Ann?" asked her grandmother. 6. "Sit down at the table and do your homework," said Tom's mother to him. 7. "What did you do at school yesterday, John?" said his father. 8. "Will you play the piano today, Helen?" asked her aunt. 9. My uncle said: "We shall visit you next week."

Упражнение 18. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Will the teacher return our exercise-books today?" asked Nick. 3. "My nephew is a very capa­ble young man," said the woman. "He has just grad­uated from college, but he is already a very skilful specialist." 3. "Sit still and don't move your head," said the doctor to me. 4. "I want to know how your cousin likes working at this hospital," said Vera to Helen. 5. "Don't forget to bring your exercise-books tomorrow," said the teacher to us. "You are going to write a very important paper." 6. "How can I get to the circus?" asked the girl. "Take tram number five," said the man. 7. "I am very sorry, Kate," said Mike, "I have forgotten to bring your dictionary." 8. "When does your mother go shop­ping?" asked the neighbour. 9. "Do you know where the Browns live?" we asked a passer-by. 10. "There are a lot of trains to my station on Sunday," said Andrew to us. "You will have no problems getting to my country-place." 11. "Do you often meet my sister at the library?" he asked me.

Упражнение 19. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "I am sure she will come in time." 2. She said: "I shall be able to read English news­papers without a dictionary next year." 3. They said: "We shall not go to school on Sunday." 4. Mr. Dickson said: "I shall have to pay a lot of money for the car." 5. Peter said to me: I'll be waiting for you at the station." 6. Mary said: "I'll be back soon." 7. She said to me: "What are you going to do when you come home?" 8. She said: "I hope I'll soon speak English well." 9. He said: "I am sure it will rain tomorrow." 10. They said: "We shall go to the river tomorrow if it is hot." 11. She said: "I am busy today and I shall be bus­ier tomorrow." 12. Jane said: "I shall come to school early tomorrow."

Упражнение 20. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. John said: "I met them at the airport yester­day." 2. He said: "I shall come to the party if I am free tomorrow." 3. She said: "I shall go to the cin­ema in the evening if I am not very tired." 4. My mother said to me: "It will be difficult for you to get up tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once." 5. Nina said: "I like music and I listen to it every evening before going to bed." 6. My aunt said: "I shall not be thirsty if I eat some grapes." 7. Moth­er said to us: "Don't go out before I return." 8. My sister said: "I shall be neither hungry nor thirsty if I have a cup of tea with a sandwich." 9. Mary said: "Don't switch on TV, Fred, I am working." 10. The teacher said to us: "You will have to work hard tomorrow." 11. My girl-friend said to me: "I shall not be able to go for a walk with you today, because I am very busy." 12. She said to me: "How long are you going to stay in the country?" 13. He said to me: "I like to go to the canteen during the break." 14. He asked me: "When will you go to the canteen?"

Упражнение 21. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. George said it was very difficult to play that role. 2. He asked why there were so few people in the street. 3. The man asked the boy if he knew where he lived. 4. The woman told him not to worry and go home quietly. 5. She said that she would sleep in the open air. 6. She wondered if I was going to leave St. Petersburg the next day. 7. He told me that he had bought that watch the day before. 8. Ann said that she had just had a telephone call from home. 9. My neighbour asked me to leave the key at my sister's. 10. He said he could not under­stand the rule. 11. He told me he had bought a ticket the day before. 12. When I came home, my mother told me that a friend of mine had called on me half an hour before, 13. He said that he studied at Moscow University. 14. She said that her broth­er was playing chess with her grandfather.

Упражнение 22. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. Mike said he liked Dickens' novels very much. 2. He told me he had read "Dombey and Son" the year before. 3. The teacher said that the pupils would read the text the next day. 4. She asked me to buy some bread on my way home. 5. Mother told me not to be late for dinner. 6. I asked Mike if he had "Gulliver's Travels." 7. Mike asked me if I had read "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe. 8. I asked John if he would be at home at three o'clock. 9. The teacher asked who was ill. 10. Nick asked Pete what he had seen at the museum. 11. Annie said that she had seen the film several months be fore. 12. Lydia said she had not seen it yet 13. Boris told me that he wanted to make a radio set. 14. He told me that he had made a radio-set. 15. Jack said that he often went to see Bob. 16. She said she had seen Mary that day.

Упражнение 23. Передайте следующие предложения косвенной речи.

1. "Why do you help him?" said Alec to us. "He is lazy. He can do everything himself." 2. "I don't want to go to the zoo. I was there last week with my cousin and saw all the animals," said Lena. 3. "Look at my stamps, father," said Nick. "When will you buy some new ones for me?" 4. "I can't do this exercise: it is too difficult," said Tanya. "Why didn't you ask your teacher to explain it?" said her brother. 5. "Can you see the lights over there in the distance?" said the lighthouse keeper. "Yes, I can," said his assistant. "A ship is giving sig­nals." 6. "Did you run a race yesterday?" said Pe­ter. "Yes, we did," said Ann. "Tamara was the first to come to the finish." 7. "Where is my bag, moth­er?" asked Tom. "I have put it on the chair near the door," said his mother. "Don't forget to put your record-book into it." 8. "Why can't we play here, mother?" asked the children. "Father is sleep­ing," said their mother. "He has worked very much today. Keep quiet."

Обратите внимание на передачу следующих конструкций в косвенной речи "Let's play chess," said Nick. — Nick suggested playing chess. "All right," said Pete. — Pete agreed. "Oh no," said Mike. — Mike refused.

Упражнение 24. Передайте следующие ниже предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Let's play badminton," said Nina. "All right," said Mike. "I like to play badminton very much." 2. "Let's run a race," said Bill. "No," said Jack. "I hurt my foot three days ago and now I cannot run." 3. "Will you show me your new flat?" said Tom. "Of course," said Becky. "Come to our place to­morrow." 4. "I shall go to see my friend tomor­row," said Kate. "Will you come with me?" "Yes, I shall," said Pete. "I want to see your friend." 5. "Does your friend always come to school so ear­ly?" said Victor. "No," said Mary. "She came so early this morning because she is on duty today." 6. "There is a new film on at our cinema," said Lena. "Let's go and see it." "No, I can't," said Mike. "I shall be busy." 7. "What shall we do with Nick?" said Ann. "He has got a bad mark again." "Let's help him with his Russian," said Pete. "I am sure we can do it."

Упражнение 25. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "We have forgotten to take the ball!" 2. She said: "I shall be very glad to see you." 3. "Let's go to the Philharmonic. There is a good concert there tonight," said Walter. "Oh, very good," said Robert. "I haven't been to the Philhar­monic for a long time." 4. Alec asked me: "Have you ever been to the National Gallery?" "Yes, I have," said I. "I visited it last year when we were staying in London." 5. Nellie said "Yesterday I went to see Paul, but he was not at home." "Let's go to see him today," said Nick. "I think he will be at home." "No," said Nellie, "I can't go today, I am very busy." 6. He said: "Who is this man? I don't know him." 7. I thought: "He is a very clev­er man: he can help me." 8. My brother said: "In two hours I shall have finished my work and then I shall go to the cinema." Then he said to me: "Let's go together." "All right," I said. 9. The teacher said: "Open your books and begin reading the new text." 10. The girl asked: "What is the price of this dress?" 11. "Please help me with this prob­lem, I cannot solve it," I said to my father. "All right," said my father, "let's try to solve it to­gether." 12. "Let's go to Finland for the winter holidays," said Kate. "No," said Andrew, "we have already been to Finland. Let's go to Greece. It will be very interesting to see the country we have read about so much." "All right," said Kate, "let's go."

Самостоятельная работа

Задание № 1. Перепишите следующие предложе­ния в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополни­тельного предложения от времени главного.

1. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Petersburg from the United States of America. 2. He says they have not been here for a long time. 3. He says they were friends at school. 4. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 5. They say they will write me a letter when they return home. 6. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 7. He says they have made good progress in English. 8. Oleg says that in a day or two sever­al English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as inter­preter. 9. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 10. She says Boris told her a lot of interest­ing things about his travels in the south.

Задание № 2. Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные к скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии г правилом согласования времен.

1. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 2. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 3. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 4. She knows English very well. (I sup posed) 5. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 6. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 7. He works at his English hard. (I knew) 8. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told) 9. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 10. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) 11. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 12. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure) 13. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 14. My friend has never been to Wash­ington. (I knew) 15. She never drinks milk. (I was told) 16. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 17. They live a happy life. (We knew) 18. He does not know German at all. (I found out)

Задание № 3. Переведите на английский язык, со­блюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 2. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой его любимый писатель. 3. Я знал, что вы живете в Москве, но не знал вашего адреса. 4. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 5. Все знали, что она поедет в Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся артистом. 9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету. 10. Я думал, что он подождет меня. 11. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читаль­ном зале. 12. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад. 13. Он сказал нам, что когда он вошел в комнату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газету. 14. Мы надеялись, что она ско­ро придет. 15. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется конференция. 16. Я был уверен, что если мы поспешим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17. Он спросил меня, что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю, буду ли я свободен вече­ром, но сказал, что если буду свободен, то позво­ню ему часов в восемь.

Задание № 4. Передайте следующие повелитель­ные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to us: "Come here tomorrow." 2. I said to Mike: "Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive." 3. Father said to me: "Don't stay there long." 4. Peter said to them: "Don't leave the room until I come back." 5. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he said to the porter. 6. He said to me: "Ring me up tomor­row." 7. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter. 8. "Don't be late for dinner," said other to us. 9. Jane said to us: "Please tell me all you know about it." 10. She said to Nick: "Please don't say anything about it to your sister." 11. The teacher said to me: "Hand this note to your parents, please." 12. Oleg said to his sister: "Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate." 13. "Please help me with this work, Henry," said Robert. 14. "Please bring me some fish soup," he said to the waitress, 15. "Don't worry over such a small thing," she said to me. 16. "Please don't mention it to any­body," Mary said to her friend. 17. "Promise to come and see me," said Jane to Alice.

Задание № 5. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи,

1. Oleg said: "My room is on the second floor 2. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg." 3. Misha said: "I saw them at my parents' house last year." 4. He said: "I haven't seen my cousin today." 5. "I don't go to this shop very often," she said. 6. Tom said: "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry." 7. He said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 8. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 9. Mike said: "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning." 10. He said to her: "I shall do it today if I have time." 11. I said to them: "I can give you my uncle's address."

Задание № 6. Передайте следующие повествова­тельные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "When I get a job, I'll buy you. a warm coat," said the boy's father. 2. "If you spill the milk, there won't be any for the cat," said my mother to me. 3. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. . "If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to hat the doctor tells you," I said to my grand­mother. 6. "If you are in a hurry, we shall make only the first experiment," said the laboratory as­sistant to me. 7. "I shan't start anything new until I have finished this novel," said the writer to the correspondent. 8. "Don't wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing vol­ley-ball," said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9."As "soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to her mother.

Задание № 7. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое пред­ложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Where is he going? (He didn't tell anybody...) 2. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 3. Where is he? (Did you know...) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...) 5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 6. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...) 9. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 10. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 11. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 12. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered...)

Задание № 8. Передайте следующие общие воп­росы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предло­жение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Have you found the book? (She asked me...) 2. Are there any more books here? (The man asked...) 3. Did she go shopping yesterday (I want­ed to know...) 4. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her.,.) 5. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted...) 6. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked...) 7. Have they sold the picture? (I did not know...) 8. Do they know any­thing about it? (I wondered..,) 9. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me...) 10. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure...)

Задание № 9. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Tom, go to bed," said his mother. 2. "I have never seen your toys," said Nellie to Pete, 3. "Give me your record-book, Nick," said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena: "Look at my nice kitten." 5. "We shall go to the zoo tomorrow," said our grand­mother. 6. Mother said to Pete: "Don't forget to wash your hands." 7. Nick said to his mother: "I am doing my homework." 8. "I have learnt a long poem," v said Mike to the teacher. 9. "Don't play in the street," said the man to the boys. 10. "Why don't you drink your tea?" said my mother to me. 11. "When did you receive this letter?" my friend said to me. 12. "I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday," said Johnny to his mother. 13."Will you play football with us?" said the boys to Peter.

Задание № 10. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "I shall buy some new stamps for you if you give me this one," said Mike to Kate. 2. "Will you bring your sister to the party with you, Boris?" asked Mary. 3. "Please don't touch me," he said to me. 4. My father said: "I think I shall not go to the beach with you today because I am very busy." 5. "I am very thirsty. Please give me some lemon­ade, Ann," said Tom. 6. "Don't lie to me Tom," said Aunt Polly. "I am tired of your lies." 7. "Are you fond of going to the theatre?" asked my friend. "Have you seen any plays by Shakespeare?" 8. Nellie asked me: "Did you see 'Hamlet' last night?" 9. I asked Nellie: "Shall we go to the theatre together?" 10. "Does Mike like Shakespeare?" asked Nellie. "Will he go to the theatre with us?"

Задание № 11. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Are you playing volley-ball, girls?" said Ann. "I did not know that you liked it." 2. "Don't touch these photographs," said Peter to us. "They are still wet, and you may spoil them." 3. "Does your friend often come here, boys?" said Fred. "I want to speak to him." 4. "How did you manage to solve this difficult problem in such a short time?" said my friend to me. 5. The teacher said to us: "You will write a test-paper tomorrow." 6. "I saw a new film yesterday," said Kate to Nick. "Did you like it?'' asked Nick. 7. "Why are you shouting, man?" said Prince John to Locksley. "What is your name?" 8. "Who has read 'Ivanhoe'?" asked the teacher. "Whom was it written by?" 9. One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature: "What novels shall we read next year?" 10. "Is the river Volga in Russia?" asked the Frenchman.

Задание № 12. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 2. The secretary said to me: "The delegation ar­rived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 3. "Open the window, please," she said to me. 4. He said: "I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast." 5. "Don't run to the door when you hear the bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 6. She asked me: "How long are you going to stay here?" 7. Mary asked me: "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?" 8. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my elder sister to me. 9. "Have you received a telegram from your wife?" she asked Robert. 10. Mabel said: "Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight." 11. "Pease don't smoke in the room," said the old woman to her nephew. 12. "I am shivering with cold," said the girl,

Задание № 13. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Why did our team lose the game?" said Vera. "It has always been very strong." 2. "Where have you put my book, Mary?" said Tom. "I cannot find it." 3. "I am very happy," said Fred. "I have bought a very good bicycle." 4. "Whom are you waiting for, boys?" asked the man. 5. "I shall not go to the party tomorrow because I don't feel well," said Mary. 6. "We saw a lot of places of interest when we were travelling around Europe last summer," said Wal­ter. 7. "I suppose we shall go to the theatre tomor­row," said Jane. 8. "Please don't take the books from my table," said Lena to me. "I have specially prepared them for working at my report." 9. "Don't be afraid, Nick," said his grandfather. "This dog is very clever and it won't do you any harm." 10. "I shall gladly go to the cinema with you because I haven't seen this film and I want to see it very much," said my aunt. 11. "Which of you can an­swer my question?" the teacher asked the pupils. 12. "Do you think that simple food is better for children than rich food?" she asked the doctor."

Задание № 14. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "I haven't yet seen the film you are talking about." 2. He said: "I seldom went to see my friend in May as I was very busy." 3. My friend said: "We arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day we went to have a look around the city." 4. She said to me: "Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?" 5. She said to me: "Were you present at the meeting yesterday?" 6. She said to me: "Are you going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer?" 7. My friend said to me: "The discus­sion will still be going on when you return." 8. He said: "I am proud of my brother who took the first prize at the competition." 9. He said to me: "Come at nine o'clock, I shall be free at that time and we shall have a nice cup of coffee." 10. Nina asked her friend: "What did the professor speak about in his lecture?" 11. Ann said: "He is one of the best speakers I have ever heard." 12. She asked me: "How long have you been living in St. Petersburg?" 13. She said: "He has just left." 14. He asked me: "When will your parents arrive in St. Petersburg?" 15. She asked her brother: "Will you manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday?"

Задание № 15. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. John asked Mary if she was afraid of thunder­storm. 2. He asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather. 3. Mary told John that she preferred sunny days. 4. The woman asked her son if he was in a hurry. 5. Ann asked if they would go to the country the next day. 6. Kate asked her friend what she liked to do on her days off. 7. I asked the secre­tary if I might speak to the headmistress. 8. Nick wanted to know if Helen would give him her book. 9. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. 10. Tom asked if Jane would come to the Phil­harmonic with him. Jane asked at what time he was planning to go. Tom said that it would take them long to get there. Jane asked where they would meet.

Задание № 16. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. Не asked me if I had taken part in the foot ball match. 2. She asked me where I lived. 3. Ho said that he had joined a sports society. 4. He told me that he had seen my brother the day before 5. She asked me to hurry up as there was little time left before the beginning of the meeting 6. She asked her friend if the rain had stopped

7. He answered that it was still raining. 8. My sister told me that she had found the book I was looking for. 9. He said that he didn't like the man character of the book but he could not explain why 10. He asked his brother what he would do if he did not find the book he needed. 11. I asked my aunt if she was going to her home town for the holidays. 12. He told me that he hadn't been able to ring me up in time. 13. He asked his classmates to wait for him. 14. He asked her if anyone else knew about his arrival. 15. I asked him when he would take his last examination.

Задание № 17. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. The man told us to have our passports ready 2. He told us to pass up the gangway. 3. He said we would find our luggage on deck. 4. I asked my friend if he would go down to his cabin or stay up on deck. 5. He said he was a bad sailor and could not stay on deck. 6. We told the porter to take our luggage to cabin number eight. 7. I asked my friend if he often went to England. 8. He said he did not cross the English Channel very often for it was rough as a rule. 9. My friend asked meif I knew when the boat was due at Southampton. 10. I asked my friend if he thought it would take us long to get through the customs.

Задание № 18. Переведите на английский язык. Сравните конструкцию повествовательных и по­велительных предложений в прямой и косвен­ной речи.

1. Мой друг сказал: "Все ученики нашего клас­са любят уроки исто­рии." 2. Я сказал ему: "Мы любим уроки анг­лийского языка." 3. Учительница сказа­ла: "Скоро вы буде­те хорошо говорить по по-английски, так как вы много работа­ете." 4. Мама сказала: "Не шумите! Дедушка спит." 5. Катя сказала: "Папа в комнате. Он чита­ет." 6. Учитель сказал: "Я уже проверил вашу контрольную рабо­ту." 7. Аня сказала: "Мы нашли в лесу много грибов."

1. Мой друг сказал, что все ученики их клас­са любят уроки исто­рии. 2. Я сказал ему, что мы любим уроки анг­лийского языка. 3. Учительница сказа­ла, что скоро мы будем хорошо говорить по-английски, так как мы много работаем. 4. Мама сказала нам, чтобы мы не шумели, так как дедушка спит. 5. Катя сказала, что папа в комнате и что он читает. 6. Учитель сказал, что он уже проверил нашу контрольную работу. 7. Аня сказала, что они нашли в лесу много грибов.

Задание № 19. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "That's enough," said Tom's mother," he will never go there again. I shall see to it." 2. "Who will read the next story?" asked grandmother. "It is very interesting, and I am sure you all will like it." 3. "Will you come and see me on Friday?" Lena asked her friend. "All right," said her friend, "I think I shall be free on Friday." 4. "Will you need the book for a long time?" he asked me. "I can give it to you only for a few days." 5. "Soon I shall know the whole poem perfectly," said Mary. "I have already learnt more than half of it." 6 "Will you be able to find their house without me?" said John to me "You have never been to those parts." 7. "Please don't ask me any more questions," she said to me, "I am very tired. I shall answer all your questions tomorrow." 8. "I shall finish read­ing the book by Monday, and then you can have it," he said to me. 9. "I haven't seen him since last year," said Lena, "and I think he has grown. Let's go and see him tomorrow." "All right," said I. "It will be interesting to see him and talk to him." 10. "Do you think it is really correct?" I asked my friend. "I am afraid you have made a mistake in one or two words."

Задание № 20. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. John told his friend that he had just come from the United States and intended to stay in St. Petersburg for about a month. 2. Our monitor said that he was not satisfied with his report and was going to work at it for some more time. He said that he was to make it on the twelfth of February and so he had a few days left. 3. He said that he was quite all right. The climate hadn't done him any harm. 4. A man came up and asked me where He could buy a video-cassette. 5. I asked my broth­er who had rung him up in the morning. 6. He told me not to call on him the next day as he would not be at home. 7. The officer ordered the soldiers to wait for him. 8. He said that he had lived in St. Petersburg for many years and knew the city very well. 9. I told my brother that I was sorry he hadn't kept his promise.

Test 6