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Computers may have a short history but prior to their development, there were many other ways of doing calculations. These calculations were done using devices, which are still used today; the slide rule being a perfect example, not to mention the ten fingers of the hands. These machines, unlike computers, are non-electronic and were replaced by faster calculating devices. It wasn’t until the mid-1940s that the first digital computer was built. The post-war industrial boom saw the development of computers take shape. By the 1960s, computers were faster than their predecessors and semiconductors had replaced vacuum tubes only to be replaced in a few years by tiny integrated circuit boards. Due to microminiaturization in the 1970s, these circuits were etched onto wafer-thin rectangular pieces of silicon. This integrated circuitry is known as a chip and is used in microcomputers of all kinds.

It has been forecasted that exceptionally faster and smaller computers will replace those in use today.

Вариант 2

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предложения, учитывая особенности употребления сослагательного наклонения в английском языке:

1. I should gladly do this work instead of you. 2. Our students would take

part in the forthcoming conference. 3. I think he would visit this exhibition. 4. He would inform you of it, but he’ll be busy the whole week. 5. We know this film would be a success abroad. 6. I should have come to see him. 7. The doctor demanded that the patient should stay in bed for some more days. 8. It was necessary that we should do it at once. 9. She suggests that we should come to see him tonight. 10. Put down my address lest you should forget it. 11. They insisted that he should make a report about the results of his investigation. 12. He speaks English as if he had lived in England all his life. 13. She wishes she were understood by everybody. 14. She feels as though she were guilty in everything happened.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения, содержащие придаточные условные. Определите тип условного предложения (реальное или нереальное условие):

1. Pilots and technicians can perform their duties better if they know the characteristics and limitations of an airplane. 2. If such a computer system were introduced, most requirements would be satisfied. 3. If the computer systems endowed with artificial intelligence were developed, they would be able to think like humans and improve their performance on the basis of experience. 4. Had the wall thickness been 0.025 instead of 0.25 in., the first natural frequency would have been 14 Hz instead of 140 Hz. 5. If the metal surface of the cathode is chemically and physically clean, the discharged atoms of copper will be deposited within normal interatomic spacing of the atom of the basic metal. 6. Had they introduced new devices, they wouldn’t have had any trouble with the equipment. 7. Aeronautical engineering would have taken a very different course, had aluminum alloys with suitable properties not been developed. 8. The pilot could perform his duties better if he knew all the characteristics and limitations of an airplane. 9. All computers must have access to the outside world if they are to do useful work. 10. If an applied voltage of one volt produced a current of one ampere, the resistance would be one ohm.

3. Употребите нужную форму сослагательного наклонения в придаточном предложении:

1. He would have participated in the conference if he ……………ill.

a) didn't fall b) wouldn’t fall c) hadn’t fallen

2. If I ……….. school this year, I should enter the physics department of the University.

a) shall finish b) finished c) have finished

3. He would translate this paper without any difficulty if you ……..him a dictionary.

a) will give b) have given c) gave

4. If I …………busy, I should have visited the exhibition.

a) were not b) haven't been c) hadn't been

Употребите нужную форму сослагательного наклонения в

главном предложении:

1. She …………glad if you called her tomorrow.

a) will be b) would be c) should be

2. I…………..you as I promised to do, if I had not lost your inviting card with your telephone number.

a) called b) would call c) should have called

3. If he had a lot of money, he ………………..a Mercedes.

a) will buy b) would buy c) had bought

4. If you hadn't been late for the lecture, you ……………this information.

a) would hear b) would have heard c) should have heard