Сводные упражнения на модальные глаголы
Ex. 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
I. 1. You must learn the words. 2. Can’t you wait till tomorrow morning? – I can wait, but the toothache can’t. 3. Mum, may I have another sweet? 4. – Must I send the fax and write the contract today? – You needn't send the fax, but you certainly must write the contract. 5. He had to come back, because he had forgotten his keys. 6. Jane has to get up early to catch the bus. 7. You'll have to tell the truth. 8. We are to decide it right now. 9. Well, you should be working now instead of relaxing. 10. Kings ought to be kings in all things. 11. You needn't finish the work if you are to leave. 12. We needn't have taken so much food for the picnic. 13. We didn't need to go shopping. The fridge was full. 14. I could not ski when I was little. 15. The secretary will be able to send them e-mail tonight. 16. He was to come here at 5 o’clock. 17. I can’t understand you. You shouldn’t speak so fast. 18. When will the child allowed to eat ice-cream? 19. Can your brother help me with my car? 20. You mustn’t talk at the lesson.
II. 1. Don’t give the vase to the child: he may break it. 2. Henry must be still sleeping. 3. Don’t ring him up: he must be very busy. 4. They must have bought a car. 5. He can’t have left the country. 6. I may show him your reports later. I don’t know. 7. He can’t be sleeping. It’s already 10 a.m. 8. He should have sold his piano. 9. He may have gone to the café to wait fir us. 10. Where is Jack? – He must be at work.
Ex.2. Выбрать правильное слово. Перевести предложения на русский язык.
1. There's someone at the door. It can / must be the postman.
2. Don't worry, you can’t / mustn't pay now.
3. Sorry, I can't stay any longer. I have to / might go.
4. It was 5 o'clock an hour ago. Your watch can't / mustn't be right.
5. It's a school rule, all the pupils have to / must wear a uniform.
6. I suppose that our team must / shouldwin, but I'm not sure.
7. Let's tell Diana. She could / might not know.
8. In my opinion, the government might / should do something about this.
Ex.3. Вставить на место пропуска модальные глаголы (can, may, must, need) и перевести предложения на русский язык.
1. … I take this book? – I am sorry, but I … return it to the library at once.
2. … you translate without dictionary? – No, I …
3. You … not buy meat: we have everything for dinner.
4. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy.
5. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs: the workers will come and do it.
6. Drivers … not drink alcohol when they drive.
7. It’s an order: you … wear the uniform.
8. You … read this book: you know the language well enough.
9. We … not argue with the teachers.
10. … I bring my sister to the party?
Ex. 4. Заполнить пропуски эквивалентами модальных глаголов (be allowed to, have to, be able to).
Last autumn Peter was very ill and he ... (1) go to hospital. When he was in hospital, he ... (2) stay in bed all the time. He ... (3 not) have any visitors during the last three days. The first week, he felt so awful that he ... (4 not) read or write. When he began to feel better, he ... (5) read a book and look through a few magazines. He wanted to get up, but he still ... (6 not) leave his bed. When Sally came to visit him, she ... (7) be very quiet. And she ... (8 not) stay longer that half an hour. A few days later, he ... (9) get up for a few minutes. After such a long time in bed he ... (10 not) walk far. When Sally came to visit him again, she ... (11 not) be so quiet. Soon he felt much better, and he ... (12) sit in the hospital garden. After three weeks in hospital, he ... (13) go home. At present he still ... (14) take his medicine three times a day. Soon Peter ... (15) go back to work, but he ... (16 not) work at night for the next six weeks.
SUPPLEMENT – ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
Приложение 1
Устойчивые словосочетания
с неопределенным артиклем
in a hurry – второпях
to have a mind to do smth – иметь желание что-либо сделать, быть склонным
to fly into a passion – прийти в бешенство
to fly into a fury – прийти в ярость
to take a fancy to – проникнуться симпатией, почувствовать расположение
in a low (loud) voice – тихо (громко)
a great many – много (с исчисляемыми существительными)
a great deal – много (с неисчисляемыми существительными)
it’s a pity – жаль
it’s a shame – стыдно
it’s a pleasure – приятно
as a result – в результате
to have a good time – хорошо провести время
to be at a loss – быть в растерянности (недоумении)
at a glance – сразу, с первого взгляда
to tell a lie – говорить неправду
a long time ago – давно
at a time – зараз, одновременно
for a time – на время, временно
Устойчивые словосочетания
с определенным артиклем
in the country – за городом
it’s out of the question – об этом и речи быть не может
to take the trouble to do smth – потрудиться
in the original – в оригинале
the play the piano (the violin) – играть на пианино, скрипке
to keep the house – сидеть дома
to keep the bed – соблюдать постельный режим
on the whole – в целом
the other day – на днях
on the one hand – с одной стороны
on the other hand – с другой стороны
to tell the truth – говорить правду
to be on the safe side – для верности
at the bottom of – внизу
at the top of – наверху
by the way – между прочим
for the first (last) time – в первый (последний) раз
in the meantime – тем временем
on the contrary – наоборот, напротив
the very person – тот самый человек
the following week – на следующей неделе
the wrong train – не тот поезд
the only man – единственный человек
the right road – правильная (та) дорога
Устойчивые выражения,
в которых не употребляется никакой артикль
out of doors – на дворе, на улице, вне дома
to take to heart – принимать близко к сердцу
at heart – в глубине души
to take offence – обижаться
to give (get, ask) permission – дать (получить, попросить) разрешения
to lose heart – терять мужество
from morning till night – с утра до вечера
from beginning to end – с начала до конца
at first sight – с первого взгляда
by chance – случайно
by mistake – по ошибке
for hours – часами
fro ages – целую вечность
by land, by sea, by air – сушей, морем, по воздуху
to go to sea – стать моряком, выходить в море
on deck – на палубе
on board – на борту
to keep house – вести хозяйство
at sunrise (at dawn) – на рассвете
at sunset – на закате
at work – за работой
by name – по имени
in debt – в долгу
to play football /hockey – играть в футбол в хоккей
Приложение 2
ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Translation | |
1. | arise | arose | arisen | возникать |
2. | be | was, were | been | быть |
3. | bear | bore | born | рождать |
4. | beat | beat | beaten | бить |
5. | become | became | become | становиться |
6. | begin | began | begun | начинаться |
7. | bite | bit | bitten | кусать |
8. | blow | blew | blown | дуть |
9. | break | broke | broken | ломать |
10. | bring | brought | brought | приносить |
build | built | built | строить | |
burn | burnt | burnt | гореть, жечь | |
buy | bought | bought | покупать | |
catch | caught | caught | ловить | |
choose | chose | chosen | выбирать | |
come | came | come | приходить | |
cost | cost | cost | стоить | |
cut | cut | cut | резать | |
deal | dealt | dealt | торговать, иметь дело | |
dig | dug | dug | копать | |
do | did | done | делать | |
draw | drew | drawn | рисовать | |
drink | drank | drunk | пить | |
drive | drove | driven | гнать, везти, ехать | |
eat | ate | eaten | есть (кушать) | |
fall | fell | fallen | падать | |
feed | fed | fed | кормить | |
feel | felt | felt | чувствовать | |
fight | fought | fought | бороться, сражаться | |
find | found | found | находить | |
fly | flew | flown | летать | |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | запрещать | |
forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать | |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать | |
freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать, замораживаться | |
get | got | got | получать, становиться | |
give | gave | given | давать | |
go | went | gone | идти, ехать | |
grow | grew | grown | расти, выращивать | |
hang | hung | hung | висеть, вешать | |
have | had | had | иметь | |
hear | heard | heard | слышать | |
hide | hid | hid | прятать | |
hit | hit | hit | ударять | |
hold | held | held | держать | |
hurt | hurt | hurt | повредить, обидеть | |
keep | kept | kept | держать, хранить | |
know | knew | known | знать | |
lay | laid | laid | класть | |
lead | led | led | вести | |
leave | left | left | оставлять, уезжать | |
lend | lent | lent | давать взаймы, одалживать | |
let | let | let | позволять | |
lie | lay | lain | лежать | |
lose | lost | lost | терять | |
make | made | made | делать; заставлять | |
mean | meant | meant | значить, подразумевать | |
meet | met | met | встречать | |
pay | paid | paid | платить | |
put | put | put | класть | |
read | read | read | читать | |
ride | rode | ridden | ездить верхом | |
ring | rang | rung | звонить, звенеть | |
rise | rose | risen | подниматься | |
run | ran | run | бежать | |
say | said | said | сказать | |
see | saw | seen | видеть | |
seek | sought | sought | искать | |
sell | sold | sold | продавать | |
send | sent | sent | посылать | |
set | set | set | помещать, ставить | |
shake | shook | shaken | трясти | |
shine | shone | shone | светить | |
show | showed | shown | показывать | |
shut | shut | shut | закрывать | |
sing | sang | sung | петь | |
sit | sat | sat | сидеть | |
sleep | slept | slept | спать | |
speak | spoke | spoken | говорить | |
spend | spent | spent | тратить | |
spread | spread | spread | распространять | |
stand | stood | stood | стоять | |
steal | stole | stolen | красть | |
stick | stuck | stuck | приклеивать | |
swear | swore | sworn | клясться, браниться | |
swim | swam | swum | плавать | |
take | took | taken | брать | |
teach | taught | taught | обучать, учить | |
tear | tore | torn | рвать | |
tell | told | told | рассказывать | |
think | thought | thought | думать | |
throw | threw | thrown | бросать | |
understand | understood | understood | понимать | |
wake | woke | woken | будить, просыпаться | |
wear | wore | worn | носить | |
win | won | won | выигрывать | |
wind | wound | wound | заводить часы | |
write | wrote | written | писать |
Приложение 3
ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА
В ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ
Simple / Indefinite | Continuous / Progressive | Perfect | |
Present | I форма ask(s) do / does – Регулярное, повторяющееся действие (usually, generally, always, never, often, seldom, sometimes) – Факт – Будущее действие (по расписанию, графику) | be + -ing am | is | asking are | – Длительное действие (процесс), протекающее в данный момент (now, at present, at the moment) – Будущее запланированное действие | have + III форма have | has | asked –Действие закончилось к определенному моменту в настоящем – Результат (already, yet, ever, never, lately, recently, this week, today, by now) |
Past | II форма asked took did – Действие в прошлом (yesterday, last week, 3 days ago) | was \ were + -ing was | were | asking –Длительное действие (процесс)б совершавшееся в момент или период в прошлом (at 5 yesterday, from 5 to 6 yesterday, for 3 days last week, all day long \ the whole day, when we came) | had + III форма had asked had taken – Действие закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом (by 5 o'clock yesterday, before he came, by the end of the last year) – При согласовании времен |
Future | will | (shall) | + I форма will ask – Действие в будущем (tomorrow, next week, in 3 days, in 2017) Notes: ‘ll = will, shall won’t = will not | will | (shall) | + be + -ing will be asking – Длительное действие (процесс), которое будет совершаться в определенный момент или период в будущем (at 5 tomorrow, from 5 to 6 tomorrow, for 3 days next week, all day long tomorrow, when he comes) | will | (shall) | have + III ф. will have asked – Действие закончится к определенному моменту в будущем (by 5 o’clock tomorrow, when he comes, by next summer) |
References – Список использованной литературы
1. Collins Cobuild English Grammar. Грамматика английского языка. Гл. ред. John Sinclair. Пер. с англ. М.Я. Блоха, А.В. Гольдман, Л.И. Кравцовой и др. – М.: Астрель: АСТ, 2006. – 703 p.
2. John Eastwood. Oxford Practice Grammar. – Oxford University Press, 2006. – 439 p.
3. Malcolm Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles. Macmillan Exam Skills for Russia: Grammar and Vocabulary. – MacMillan, 2010 – 225 p.
4. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use: A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students. – Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 329 p.
5. Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – Спб.: КАРО, 2006. – 544 с.
6. Дроздова Т.Ю., Берестова А.И., Маилова В.Г. English Grammar. References and Practice with a separate key volume. – СПб., 2000. – 357 с.
7. Ионина А., Саакян А. Английская грамматика: Теория и практика. – М.: Рольф, 2000. – 448 с.
8. Хведченя Л.В., Хорень Р.В., Крюковская И.В. Практическая грамматика современного английского языка. – Мн.: Книжный дом, 2005. – 688 с.
9. Цветкова Т.К. Путеводитель по грамматике английского языка. – М.: Проспект, 2009. – 168 с.
Содержание
ВВЕДЕНИЕ.. 5
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ.. 6
I. The english word order. – порядок слов. 8
II. The numeral – числительное. 10
III. Constructions with verb “to be” – конструкции с глаголом «быть». 13
IV. Noun – имя существительное. 16
V. Article – артикль. 21
VI. The verb. The simple tenses – глагол. Простые времена. 26
VII. The pronoun – местоимение. 35
VIII. The verb. The progressive tenses – глагол. Продолженные времена. 43
IX. The adjective – имя прилагательное. 50
X. The verb. The perfect tenses – совершенные времена. 56
XI. The adverb – наречие. 62
XII. Modal verbs – модальные глаголы.. 64
SUPPLEMENT – ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ.. 73
Устойчивые словосочетания с неопределенным артиклем.. 73
Устойчивые словосочетания с определенным артиклем.. 73
Устойчивые выражения, в которых не употребляется никакой артикль. 74
Таблица неправильных глаголов. 75
Времена английского глагола в действительном залоге. 77
REFERENCES – СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ... 78