Pete is preparing for the seminar

Pete Sokolov is in the reading-room of the library. He is reading something and making notes. Let's come up to him and ask what he is reading. «Hello, Pete! What are you doing now?» — «Oh, hello! I'm preparing for my seminar in the theory of state and law. I'm not good at this subject and I'm working very hard now. And I haven't much time either¹. Please, don't bother me anymore, will you?» Isn't Pete a busy boy? But let's see what he is reading. Is it really so very difficult? Look and judge for yourself.

The state

The state is a product of society at a definite stage of its development. Private property divides men and allows them to exploit each other and in this way class contra­dictions begin. The special machinery created by the class of exploiters — the state helps them to keep order. In a class society the state is an instrument of political power of the ruling class. The state is a system of official institutions and organs. This system of organs is the machinery of government, the state machine. This ma­chine includes such organs as the army, the police, the courts. The other part of the state machine consists of the system of state organs including the chief of the state (an individual or collective), parliament, government, de­partments and other organs. These organs are political; they are the organs of state power of the ruling class. The constitution, legislation or traditions regulate the power of each state organ. Different types of states have different functions. That's why we speak about the state only as the historical category.

Notes: 1. either — в отрицательных предложениях соответствует русским словам тоже, так­ же. Слова too, also в отрицательных предложениях не употребляются.

4.3.4. Расскажите о том, что сейчас происходит в аудитории.

4.3.5. Некоторые студенты не понимают разницы между Simple Present и Present Continuous. Объясните им эту разницу, используя следующие пары предложений:

1. Listen! The teacher's explaining a very difficult thing. He always explains difficult things carefully.

2. John speaks three foreign languages. Just now he's speaking French on the phone.

3. Pete usually doesn't work much but now he's working very hard preparing for the seminar.

4.3.6. Проверьте, как вы и ваши друзья понимаете разницу между Present Continuous и Simple Present. Выберите правильный вариант в скобках:

1. I ...three articles a week (translate, am trans­lating).

2. Don't enter the classroom. The students ... an exam now (take, are taking).

3. He always ... dinner at this time (has, is having).

4. It often ... in Rostov in November (rains, is raining).

5. Listen! Ann ... in the next room (sings, is singing).

6. He always ... in his room (keeps order, is keeping order).

4.3.7. Предположим, что вы — Петр Соколов. Расскажите, что вы сейчас делаете.

*4.3.8. Скажите по-английски:

1. Сейчас правительство готовит новое зако­нодательство. 2. В классовом обществе част­ная собственность разделяет людей. 3. Посмот­ри! Полиция атакует рабочих. 4. Ваш юрист говорит сейчас по телефону. 5. Где Петр? — Он сейчас в библиотеке конспектирует статью о государстве. 6. Что сейчас делает Стив?—Он готовится к новому процессу (trial). 7. Почему ты делишь яблоко на две части? — Одну половину — тебе, одну — себе. 8. Обычно он работает в библиотеке, но сегодня он работает дома.

4.3.9. Найдите в тексте Participle I и Participle II.

Определите их функции.

4.3.10. Объявляем соревнование на звание лучшего переводчика! Победитель получит приз. Будьте внимательны, переводя следующие предложе­ния:

1. The legislation prepared by this department is very important.

2. The student answering now is rather good at this subject.

3. Trying to keep order the police often arrests the demonstrators.

4. There are some state institutions regulating the life of the society.

5. He's working very hard making notes and reading a lot.

6. Divided by the private property men begin to exploit each other.

7. Created by the class of exploiters the state is the instrument of their political power.

8. Do you know the judge speaking to Steve now?

4.3.11. Автор рассказа не совсем уверен, какое причастие употребить: Participle I или Par­ticiple II. Помогите ему.

The man ... at the window is my uncle John (standing, stood). He's rather unusual person. He's got five pets... in his house (living, lived). One of these pets ... Greeny is a young crocodile (calling, called). It lives in the bathroom and ... anybody but his master to come in (allowing, allowed). The other pet is a parrot ... to speak (teaching, taught). He says rather strange things sometimes. The other two pets are bulldogs ... at everybody... to the door of the flat (barking, barked) (coming, come). It's not surprising that uncle John lives alone... by his wife two years ago when his fifth pet — a large snake ... to him by a famous travellor appeared in his flat (leaving, left) (presenting, presented).

*4.3.12. Петр Соколов довольно хорошо знает теперь, что такое государство. А вы? Ответьте на несколько вопросов о государстве. (Книги закрыты.)

1. What is the state? 2. What does the class of exploiters create? What for? 3. What does the theory of the state teach? What is the state machine? 5. What does the other part of the state machine consist of? 6. What regulates the power of each state organ? 7. Why do we speak about the state only as the historical category?

4.3.13.Кто (или какая команда) сможет составить больше предложений со следующими словами (время — 5 мин):

constitution, official, parliament, regulate, consist of, government, legislation, property, society, state.

4.3.14.Петр Соколов недостаточно хорошо знает определения следующих понятий: state, army and police, state organs. Помогите ему.

4.3.15. Петр Соколов сейчас выступает на семинаре. Но он так волнуется, что не может закончить начатые фразы. Вам разрешается подсказать ему:

1. Class contradictions begin because...

2. The organs of the state are political organs because...

3. The state helps the exploiters to keep order because ...

4. The chief instruments of state power are...

* 4.3.16. Скажите по-английски:

1. Система государственных органов включает главу государства, парламент, правительство и другие органы. 2. Парламент состоит из двух палат. 3. Правящий класс регулирует зако­нодательство. 4. Частная собственность разделяет общество в буржуазном государстве. 5. Правительство любого государства регулирует политическую жизнь в своем обществе. 6. Законодательство капиталистических государств помогает сохранить существующие отношения между правящим и рабочим классом.

Practice in communication

(Request)

*4.4.1. Read and try to remember:

Asking people to do things.

A. Could B. (Yes,) of course (cer-

Would tainly) all right.

you ... (please)?

Will you .... I'm afraid/Sorry,

(please)? OK? I can't.

..., will you? (No,)Ican't./Iwon't.

would

Do you mind -ing ...?

Would

Will you be so kind as to...?

Would — (Very formal)

May I ask you to do me a favour?

Be so kind as to ...

4.4.2. In varying degrees of politeness ask someone in the group to ...

1. turn the radio off;

2. close the door,

3. tell you the truth;

4. show you the way;

5. carry your suitcase;

6. speak to the point;

7. do you a favour;

8. keep an eye on your luggage.

He/She will comply or refuse.

4.4.3. Express your willingness or refuse to do what you are asked.

Model: T. Will you help me to translate this article. (Let's have a look at it.)

S. Certainly, with pleasure. Let's have a look.

1. Would you mind lending me your pencil for a moment? (Here it is.)

2. Would you mind reading these papers? (I've left my glasses at home.)

3. Will you do me a favour? (What is it?)

4. Will you, please, translate this notice to me? (I don't quite understand it.)

5. Help me to move this table, please. (Where shall we put?)

4.4.4. Look, listen and then dramatize.

Tom has been waiting to be served for a long time. He is impatient.

TOM Waiter, bring me the menu, will you?

WAITER Just a moment. I'm coming. (Ten minutes later.) Now, what would you like?

TOM I'd like to see the menu. Would you get me one, please?

WAITER Yes, certainly. Here you are.

TOM Thank you. Ah! But this is in French.Would you mind giving me the English one?

WAITER It's written in English too, in smaller print. There.

TOM Thanks. I'll need a while to choose. Could you come back in a minute?

WAITER Right. (Five minutes later.) Now, what are you having?

TOM I'm sorry, I haven't decided yet. Do you mind giving me a couple of min­utes?

WAITER All right, but would you be so kind as to make up your mind soon? We're very busy just now as you can see, sir.

4.4.5. Translate the notice. Say where you are likely to see them.

1. In; 2. Out; 3. No entry; 4. Pull; 5. Push; 6. Private; 7. No admittance; 8. Emergency; 9. No trespassing; 10. No overtaking; 11. No parking; 12. Wet paint; 13. Keep clear of the doors; 14. For hire.

General understanding

4.5.1. Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 4)

1. Coke listens for several seconds but he can't hear anything at all. And yet there is smoke coming from the chimney and there is a light on in the front room! «Why is it so quiet? Are the police waiting for me in there?» he asks himself. He goes to the front door and pushes it. To his surprise it is open! He goes in very quietly. In the front room there is a fire burning, in the fireplace. The room is clean, small and very warm. There is very little furniture in it — only a table and two old-fashioned chairs. There are also some photographs on the shelf above the fire. They are yellow and old. One of them is of a young man in a World War I uniform. There are also a few photoes of the same man and also a woman.

2. Suddenly Coke feels there is someone else in the room. He turns around quickly and, at the same time, puts his hand in his pocket. There is asmall knife there. He sees an old woman. She has a dish in her hands and there is a smell of meat and vegetables coming from it. She doesn't look afraid. «I'm sorry», she says and puts the dish down on the table.

3. «I'm sorry», she says again. «I don't hear you. I'm deaf, you see. People often come to the door and knock, but I don't hear them. I'm glad you are here».

Coke stares at her for a second and then finally finds his voice: «I ... I'm sorry». He looks down at his clothes. His prison uniform is so dirty that it is impossible to tell what kind of uniform it is. Then he suddenly has an idea.

«I'm a mechanic from a garage in town. I came to repair a lorry somewhere out here but the road was icy. I had an accident. I ... I fell off my motorbike».

He says this several times before she finally under­stands him. Then she gives him some hot water and soap and afterwards some food. The only thing he needs now is a change of clothes!

4.5.2. Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. When Coke comes in he sees:

a) an old woman;

b) a young man;

c) some photographs on the shelf.

2. The woman has:

a) a small knife in her hands;

b) a dish in her hands;

c) old clothes in her hands.

3. A woman isn't afraid because:

a) she's deaf;

b) people often come to her door;

c) Coke looks pleasant.

4. The woman gives Coke:

a) hot water and soap;

b) a change of clothes;

c) some photoes.

4.5.3. Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. What can Coke see in the front room?

2. What photoes are there on the shelf?

3. What is there in Coke's pocket?

4. What is there in the old woman's hands?

5. Why isn't she afraid?

6. How does he explain his clothes?

4.5.4. Express the main idea of this episode in one-two sentences.

Scanning practice

4.6.1.Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. What did the judge's wife ask him to do?

2. What did the judge do with the box?

3. What was there in the box?

4.6.2. Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

Caught in his own trap

It happened in England not very long ago. A judge was going for an assize (выездная сессия суда) to a distant town. His wife asked him to allow her to go with him. The judge agreed but told her not to take a lot of boxes. Next morning they started in a carriage. On the way the judge wanted to stretch his legs and his feet struck against something under the seat. It was a box. The judge was very angry, he opened the window and threw the box out. The coachman stopped the horses to pick up the box but the judge ordered to drive on.

The next day the travellers reached the town. The judge put on the robes and was ready for going to the court, but he couldn't find his wig (парик) which is a very important attribute of an English judge. Then he cried: «Where in all the world is my wig?» — «Your wig, my Lord? Why, your Lordship threw it out of the carriage window yesterday», explained the coachman who was watching the scene.

(176 words)

4.6.3. Answer the questions in 4.6.1. (Books closed.)

Listening practice

4.7.1. Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. What languages can one of the husbands speak?

2. What can the other husband do?

3. Why does the first woman say that her husband is a very good one?

4.7.2. Listen to the dialogue.

4.7.3.Try to answer the questions in 4.7.1.

4.7.4. Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text.

for sale — на продажу

damn — черт побери

4.7.5.Listen to the text. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

4.7.6. Tell the contents of text in Russian.

Time for fun

4.8.1. Read the jokes. Try to retell them. You may do it in Russian.

1. Prisoner: The judge sent me here for the rest of my life.

Prison guard: Have you got any complaints?

Prisoner: Do you call breaking rock with a hammer a rest?

the rest of my life — a) to the end of my life; b) the best rest in my life.

2. — Mary is a brilliant woman.

— Oh, she picks up things fast?

— Yes, she's a shoplifter.

to pick up — схватывать на лету (о знаниях); (зд.) воровать

shoplifter — магазинный вор

? *4.8.2. Try to solve the letter riddles.

1. In which word are there ten letters T?

2. Which two letters of the alphabet contain nothing?

? 4.8.3. And now a 3 minute crossword for you.

ACROSS: DOWN:

2. Present Tense of I. Let's go for a «brought», cycle...

6. The painter needs it. 2. A girl puts it on.

7. It is in your room. 3. an instrument.

4. what the fire does.

5. opposite of «hot».

UNIT 5

Фонетика: sounds [ö], [Ó]

Словообразование: суффиксы существительных -ing; -ism; суффикс прилага­тельных -an

Грамматика: герундий, модальные глаголы can, may, must; инфинитивная конструк­ция It is too ... to do smth.

Текст: «Peace rally»

Sound right

5.1.1. Listen, look, say:

come cut mummy dull

some but sonny lull

none just hurry hull

done shut other bulk

mud must under cult

won puff utter pulse

tongue stuff southern bulge

5.1.2. Listen, look, say:

1. Tough luck! Just my luck!

2. Pluck up your courage!

3. Double Dutch!

4. Here's another country cousin.

5. Gus chucked up the sponge.

6. Russ hung up hurriedly.

7. Lush is nothing but a money-grubber.

8. Gust mustn't trust to luck.

9. Brother made Mother's cup run over.

10. Duff just struck me as funny.

11. Such luck running into uncle Duncan.

12. None but dullards copy one other.

5.1.3. Listen, look, say:

are arm art army

bar hard part party

car card cart drama

char charge chart hardly

far farm farce demand

star starve start tomato

5.1.4. Listen, look, say:

1. Start the car.

2. Are these pass marks?

3. Are we to be a large party?

4. He laughs best who laughs last.

5. Father's rather hard on Charles.

6. Cars can't be parked here after dark.

7. Shan't we dance after classes?

8. How smart you are, aren't you, Mark?

9. Barbara's art and part of the party.

10. I shan't value Carl's arguments at a brass farthing.

5.1.5. Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference between [{] and [a:]; [{] as in maths, [a:] as in can't.

I

1. I shan't pass the maths exam.

2. I shan't pass in art.

1. Maths is too hard. I can't understand it.

2. I am very bad in art.

1. Perhaps you'll pass.

2. I shan't. Perhaps you'll pass.

1. No, no. I can't pass.

II

1. We've passed.

2. I haven't passed in art, have I?

1. You have. And I've passed in maths. By one mark.

2. Isn't that fabulous?

1. We must have a party.

2. We'll have a fabulous party!

1. Just imagine, we've passed!

5.1.6. Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

5.1.7. Read the dialogues in pairs.

*5.1.8. Try to read the tongue-twisters as fast as you can. Pay attention to the sounds [{] and [ö].

1. A big black bug bit

a big black bear,

then a big black bear bit

the big black bug.

And when the big black bear

bit the big black bug,

then the big black bug

bit the big black bear.

bug—клоп

bit (bite)—укусил

bear — медведь

2. Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager managing an imaginary menagerie?

imaginary — воображаемый

menagerie [me'n{³@rI] — зверинец

to manage — управлять.

5.2. Word-building: -ing, -ism, -an

5.2.1. Compose nouns with the help of suffix -ing and translate them.

act, begin, beat, draw, freeze, grow, hunt, cross, shoot, train.

5.2.2. Answer the following questions:

1. How often do you do your shopping?

2. What painting do you enjoy?

3. When does harvesting begin?

4. Where do you keep your savings?

5. What kind of exercises do you have to do in writing?

5.2.3. Find the pairs of antonyms in the left and right columns:

collectivism idealism

materialism leftism

rightism individualism

atheism realism

abstractivism capitalism

communism religionism

conservatism barbarism

humanism progressivism

revolutionism evolutionism

5.2.4. Give Russian equivalents to the following adjec­tives:

Palestinian, Hungarian, Canadian, Austrian, Bul­garian, Mexican, Libyan.

5.2.5. Answer the following questions:

1. Where is the Caspian sea?

2. What are the Crimean resorts famous for?

3. What South American countries produce cof­fee?

4. What Scandinavian countries are monarchies?

5. What Asian rivers are the longest?

Full understanding

5.3.1.Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

to protest, placard, to stop, form, regime [reI'ZÖm], Asia [eIS@], Africa, Latin America, New York, racism, nazism ['nÓtsIzm], to finance [faI'n{ns], racist, fact, progressive, ideology.

*5.3.2. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запоминайте:

New words:

to make a speech — произнести речь

food — пища

pour — бедный

meeting — встреча

representative — представитель

to accuse [@'kjüz] — обвинять

chairman — председатель

defence counsel ['kauns(@)l] — защитник.

hearing — слушание (судебного дела)

to be over — заканчиваться

to call on — призывать (кого-л.)

crime — преступление

to strengthen ['streÎÕ(e)n] — укреплять

to find guilty ['gIltI] — признать виновным

sitting of the court — заседание суда

prosecutor ['prosIkjut@] — прокурор, обвини­тель

prosecution — обвинение

to commit a crime — совершать преступление

witness — свидетель

evidence |'еvId(@)ns] — свидетельское показа­ние

sentence — приговор

numerous — многочисленный

to look like — быть похожим

to assassinate [@'s{sIneIt] — убивать

unemployment — безработица

School vocabulary:

thousand, against, to need, to spend, money, to use, country, together, to defend, world, to think.

*5.3.3. Прочтите и переведите:

At the Meetings

We are in New York now. Together with Jane Snow and thousands of young men and women we are taking part in a meeting of protest against unemployment. Students and professors, workers and employees are protesting against the threat of being fired. You can see slogans and placards everywhere. They say: «We want job! Unemployment — no!»

Look! Jane is making a speech. Listen: «Why can't the government provide job for us? Mr. President must think of the development of national economy and not of supporting political regimes in other countries. He may spend this money on food for poor Americans, but he mustn't use it for military purposes». Everybody is shouting in support of Jane.

Nell Pavlova is also at the meeting but in Rostov. This meeting is taking form of the tribunal. The represent­atives of many countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America are taking part in the work of this tribunal. They accuse racism and nazism. Everything looks like the real sitting of the court. You can see the prosecutor and the chairman of the tribunal. The prosecutor is speaking about the crimes committed by neonazists and racists in different countries of the world. Then the first witness of the prosecution is taking place at the witness-stand.¹ He is giving evidence of financing criminals by some powerful groups. You may also hear the other witnesses giving the true facts of assassinating the progressive leaders in different countries. You can't see the defence counsel here. Nobody wants to defend racists and nazists. The hearing is over and the chairman is reading the sentence. The tribunal finds the neonazism and racism guilty in numerous crimes against humanity and calls on the progressive youth of the world to strengthen the unity in fighting against this dangerous ideology.

Note: 1. witness-stand — место для дачи свидетельских показаний

5.3.4. В тексте есть 5 случаев употребления герундия. Найдите их и переведите эти предложения.

5.3.5. В следующих предложениях с -ing-forms спря­таны предложения с герундием. Найдите их и переведите.

1. I don't like doing such things. 2. He's doing very well at school. 3. Let me finish reading that book. 4.1 think of coming to your place tomorrow. 5. He's against making a speech at the meetings. 6. Testing nuclear weapons is a crime against humanity. 7. The hearing is over. 8. In American courts you can often hear the prosecutor accusing poor people. 9. The defence counsel is using a lot of documents for defending his client. 10. Making his speech the prosecutor says: «Mr. Black couldn't commit this crime without spending much mon­ey».

5.3.6. Ваши друзья интересуются, что вы любите, а чего не любите делать. Расскажите им об этом, употребляя в речи герундий.

Model: I like dancing. —1 don't like singing.

5.3.7. Узнайте как можно больше, что ваш партнер умеет делать. Задайте вопросы типа «Can you ...?» Время — 1 мин. Поменяйтесь ролями. Затем суммируйте полученную информацию.

*5.3.8. Представьте, что вы — на митинге протеста в Нью-Йорке, а ваш партнер на процессе в Ростове. Расспросите друг друга, что вы можете видеть и слышать там.

*5.3.9. Скажите по-английски:

1. Ты не можешь выступить на собрании? — Конечно, могу. 2. Я не могу тратить на тебя столько денег. 3. Почему ты не можешь вы­ступить в поддержку молодежи? 4. К сожа­лению, я не умею говорить по-французски. 5. Вы можете принять участие в митинге протеста? — Да, конечно. 6. Представитель этой страны не может приехать на слушание дела.

5.3.10. Ваш друг не уверен, какой глагол: can или may нужно использовать в следующих ситуациях. Помогите ему, пожалуйста.

1. ...you come to the meeting next Saturday? — I'm sorry, I... not tell you today. ...I phone you on Wednesday? — Certainly. 2. You ... think what you like, but I ... be present at the hearing of this case.— But why? — ...I not tell you just now? — It's up to you.

* 5.3.11. Скажите по-английски:

1. Вы можете прийти в 9 часов? Адвокат, возможно, будет рано. — Хорошо! 2. Поз­вольте взглянуть на тетрадь. Может быть, это тетрадь моей сестры. 3. Этот роман Кристи может быть и хороший, но очень трудный для меня. Я не могу ничего понять. 4. Слушание закончено. Вы можете подождать в коридоре. 5. Вы можете воспользоваться моим теле­фоном. 6. Ты можешь поехать со мной? — Можно, я дам ответ завтра?

5.3.12. Предположим, ваш партнер не знает, что он должен и чего не должен делать в университете. Расскажите ему об этом.

5.3.13.Скажите, что должны делать некоторые сту­денты в вашей группе.

5.3.14. Перед вами запись диалога двух подозреваемых. Можете ли вы объяснить, в каких ситуациях они были записаны?

1. Must I go and see them off? — Yes, I'm afraid you must. I don't feel very well, and I can't go.

2. Must I stay in the same hotel? — No, you needn't. You may meet them next day.

3. Don't forget! 5 o'clock. You mustn't be late. — OK. What must I have? — A newspaper in your right hand.

4. You must ring him up and tell three words. — What words must I tell? — I can't tell you now.

*5.3.15. Скажите по-английски:

1. Вы должны обязательно принять участие в этом митинге. 2. Ты не должен выступать свидетелем. — Но я могу дать важные пока­зания! 3. Защитник может воспользоваться всеми моими документами. 4. Все правитель­ства должны прекратить испытания ядерного оружия. 5. Вы не можете обвинять его в этом преступлении. 6. Молодежь всего мира может и должна бороться против расизма и нацизма. 7. Вы можете видеть тысячи людей, протесту­ющих против угрозы ядерной войны. 8. Но что я могу сделать? — Конечно, ты можешь ничего не делать. Но я думаю, что ты обязан выступить на митинге. 5.3.16. Можете вы назвать 6 действий, которые трудно, легко, приятно, плохо, полезно или бесполезно делать?

Model: It's (bad) to ...

* 5.3.17. Скажите по-английски:

1. Слишком поздно начинать собрание. 2. Давно пора прекратить испытывать ядерное оружие. 3. Мы призываем все прогрессивное челове­чество усилить борьбу против нацизма и нео­нацизма. 4. Представители многих штатов приезжают в Нью-Йорк, чтобы принять уча­стие в этом митинге.

*5.3.18. Предположим, что вы — Джейн Сноу. Сту­денты вашей группы спросят вас о том, как вы принимали участие в митинге. Будьте готовы ответить на эти вопросы.

*5.3.19. Предположим, что вы — Нелли Павлова. Иностранные журналисты спрашивают вас о необычном процессе в Ростове. Будьте готовы ответить на их вопросы.

5.3.20. Ваши бывшие школьные друзья хотят знать, какие тексты вы читаете на занятиях по ан­глийскому языку. Так как у вас мало времени, постарайтесь отвечать кратко и сообщите ос­новную идею текста этого раздела в двух предложениях.

Practice in communication

(Gratitude)

*5.4.1. Read and try to remember.

A. 1. Let me help you.

2. Is there anything I can do for you?

B. 1. Thank you very much indeed.

2. Thanks awfully.

3. Many thanks.

4. I'm very grateful to you.

5. That's/It's (most/very/awfully) kind of you.

6. How very kind of you!

A. 1. Oh, that's OK/all right.

2. Not at all.

3. You're welcome.

4. Don't mention it.

5. It's a pleasure.

5.4.2. Ask someone in the group to do the following things and then express your gratitude:

1. to tell you the time.

2. to tell you the way to the nearest tube station.

3. to lend you some money.

4. to write to you.

5. to post a letter for you.

5.4.3. A friend phones inviting you to a party. You accept but ask whether you can bring along a friend. He says you can. Don't forget to use the expressions of gratitude.

General understanding

5.5.1. Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 5)

1. Only a few miles from the house Coke is in, two policemen in a small village police station can hear the wind outside. One of them is a sergeant. The other's much younger.

«I wonder how Mrs Bentley is?» the sergeant asks.

«Mrs Bentley? Oh, you mean that old lady whose husband died a few years ago?»

«That's right. She's deaf, you know, so she never listens to the radio or watches television. In fact, she doesn't even read the papers».

«Oh?» the young policeman says. He wonders why the sergeant wants to tell him all this. Then he finds out.

«Why don't you go out to her place and see if she's all right?»

«Who? Me? On a night like this?»

«It's not far. Besides, you've got your bike, haven't you?»

2. Baxter gets off the train at a small station. There is a detective waiting for him on the platform. He is shaking Baxter's hand.

«My name's Halls, Tom Halls. Scotland Yard phoned us and told us to meet you here. There's a car waiting».

Baxter doesn't waste any time on social formalities.

«Coke escaped more than 24 hours ago. I want to catch him before another 24 hours are up».

Halls is looking at Baxter for a few seconds before he answers.

«A lot of us wonder why Scotland Yard is so interested in this fellow Coke. He isn't the first one to escape».

«Coke isn't just an ordinary prisoner. He's very special. Let's go now?»

3. The young policeman is angry. He is on the road now. The wind is cold and is blowing snow into his face.

«That stupid sergeant!» he thinks. «We must be one of the last stations in England that still uses bikes, and he sends me out on one on a night like this!» When he gets to the top of the hill he sees the house down below, at the bottom of the hill. Just as he is looking down at it, he sees a light go on in one of the rooms upstairs.

«Stupid! That's what it is, sending me out on a night like this!» the policeman says again. Then he gets on his bike and begins to go down the hill very fast, towards the house.

5.5.2. Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. The sergeant wanted the other policeman to go to Mrs Bently...

a) to bring her the papers;

b) to see if she's all right;

c) to catch the criminal.

2. Halls wonders why...

a) Scotland Yard is so interested in this fellow;

b) Baxter came;

e) Baxter is in such a hurry.

3. The young policeman is angry because..

a) he has no car;

b) the weather is very bad;

c) the house is very far.

5.5.3. Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. Why do police want fo go to Mrs Bentley's house?

2. Why is Scotland Yard so interested in Coke?

3. Why is the young policeman angry?

4. What does he think about using bikes?

5.5.4. Express the main idea of this episode in one-two sentences.

Scanning practice

5.6.1. Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. What does the merchant take with him?

2. What is the monkey doing when the thieves attack the merchant?

3. Where does the monkey lead the magistrate with his men?

5.6.2. Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

The monkey detective

A merchant goes to Calcutta on some business. He takes with him a large sum of money and some valuable jewels. A monkey, of which he is very fond, also travels with him. Some thieves decide to attack and to rob merchant. On a lonely part of the road they catch him, murder him and take his things. Then they throw the body into a dry well, cover it over with leaves and go away. All this time the monkey is watching them from the tree. When the murderers are out of sight, the monkey goes to the magistrate's house and is crying and moaning and finally makes the magistrate follow him to the well. The magistrate brings some men with him, and one of them goes down into the well where the body of the murdered man is found. The monkey then leads them to the bazaars, and as soon as he sees one of the murderers he runs at him and bites him in the leg. The magistrate's servants come and seize the man. In this way all the murderers are detected by the monkey. They are all caught and punished accordingly.

(202 words)

5.6.3.Answer the questions in 5.6.1. (Books closed.)

Listening practice

5.7.1. Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. Where's Jack?

2. What's he doing?

3. Why can't Mrs Taylor help Thomas?

4. What's Mr Taylor doing?

5. Who's Kate phoning to?

6. Why is Thomas asking a lot of questions?

5.7.2. Listen to the dialogues.

5.7.3. Try to answer the questions in 5.7.1.

5.7.4. Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text.

date — человек, с которым назначено свидание

horror film — фильм ужасов

5.7.5. Listen to the text. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

5.7.6. Tell the contents of the text in Russian.

Time for fun

5.8.1.Read and translate the jokes.

1. JUDGE: Was the prisoner sober?

WITNESS: No, Sir. He was drunk as a judge.

JUDGE: You mean, «drunk as a lord», of course.

WITNESS: Yes, my lord.

The witness confused the idioms «sober as a judge» — трезвый, как судья; and «drink as a lord» — пьяный, как черт.

2. JUDGE: Prisoner, what can you say to your justification?

PRISONER: I beg you to take into considera­tion the fact that my lawyer is very young, sir.

justification — оправдание

take into consideration — принять во внимание

? *5.8.2. Try to solve the riddles:

1. What comes twice a moment, once a minute and never in a hundred years?

2. What relation is that child to its father, that is not its father's own son?

? 5.8.3. Can you solve this magic square in 2 minutes?

1. He or she goes to school every day.

2. People ought to read it every day.

3. Another word for «great, big».

UNIT 6

Фонетика: sounds [O], [þ]

Словообразование: суффиксы существительных -аnсе (-еnсе); -су, суффикс прилагательных -ful; конвер­сия.

Грамматика: прошедшее время Simple Past, насто­ящее совершенное Present Perfect, прошедшее время модальных глаголов. Текст: «John's composition»

Sound right

6.1.1. Listen, look, say:

on off sorry call

odd ox waffle golf

dog clock coffee sol

gone loss orange vol

fog moth opera loll

lob want horror Pol

lodge watch porridge polka

6.1.2. Listen, look, say:

1. Jog on.

2. What a swat!

3. Not for toffies!

4. Possibly not.

5. Upon my honour!

6. What a lot of nonsense!

7. John's dog got lost.

8. Hob and nob, Doc.

9. Poll's gone to the wrong shop.

10. Watch Dob's dog jump.

11. Will you be gone long, John?

12. Dot wants an office-job.

13. Dod's gone off to play golf.

14. Was it not possible to stop Tom?

15. Rod often got into hot water.

6.1.3.Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference between [O] and [ö]

I

1. T-s-s. The boss is on the bus.

2. But the boss doesn't come by bus.

1. Well, this is a bus and that's the boss.

2. Oh, yes at the front.

1. U-m-m. Next to Molly Monk.

II

1. What's wrong?

2. Nothing is wrong.

1. Something is wrong.

2. It's nothing much.

1. What's the trouble? Has John come?

2. U-m-m. Come and gone.

6.1.4. Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

6.1.5. Read the dialogues in parts.

6.1.6. Listen, look, say:

or awed ought all order

bore board bought ball autumn

saw sawed support hall author

thaw thawed thought call daughter

tore toward taught tall morning

6.1.7. Listen, look, say:

1. All aboard!

2. Draw in your claws.

3. All the more so.

4. To cut a long story short.

5. It's all your fault.

6. Forewarned is forearmed.

7. George always talks horse.

8. Cora adores small talk.

9. Gordon always puts the cart before the horse.

10. Norton is forcing an open door.

6.1.8. Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference between [э] and [э:].

I

1. I've bought a dog, Polly.

2. What sort of dog, Paul?

1. Oh, just an ordinary dog, Polly.

2. What's it called?

1. Oh, it's got just an ordinary name.

2. Is it called Spot?

1. No-it's called ... Polly.

II

1. It's a sort of hog, isn't it? But it's got four horns!

2. I caught it not far from the cottage, actually.

1. Well, you ought to tell me what it is.

2. It's a ... wart-hog.

1. A wart-hog! Oh! Mm... er... And what will you call your wart-hog?

2. I shall call it — Horace.

6.1.9.Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

6.1.10. Read the dialogues in pairs.

* 6.1.11. Try to read the tongue-twisters as fast as you can. Pay attention to:

1. the sound [þ]

Of all the saws I ever saw saw.

I never saw a saw as this saw saws.

a saw — пила

to saw — пилить

2. the sound [O]

Mr Shott and Mr Nott agreed to fight a duel. Nott was shot and Shott was not, so it is better to be Shott than Nott. Shott and not Nott shot the shot that shot Nott. If the shot that Shott shot which shot Nott had shot Shott and not Nott, Shott instead of Nott would have been shot and Nott would not.

3. the difference between [O] — [ö]— [{]

Betty Botta bought a bit o'butter. «But», she said, «this butter's bitter. If I put it in my batter it will make my batter bitter». So Betty Botta bought a bit o'better butter and put it in her bitter batter, which made Betty Botta's batter a bit better.

bought (past) — to buy — покупать

a bit— немного

butter — масло

bitter — горький

batter — тесто

6.2. Word-building:

(-ance), (-cy), (-ful)

6.2.1. Give Russian equivalents to the following nouns with suffix -ance (ence):

preference, resemblance, resistance, patience, in­nocence, significance, difference, independence, influence, insurance.

6.2.2. Make nouns with suffix -cy. Give their Russian equivalents:

sufficient, frequent, efficient, constituent, su­preme, extravagant; agent, aristocrat, advocat.

6.2.3. Give antonyms to the following adjectives with suffix -less, using suffix -ful. Translate them into Russian:

meaningless, careless, cheerless, useless, thought­less, lawless, harmless, powerless, shameless, taste­less.

6.2.4. Answer the following questions:

1. Do you find physical exercises useful?

2. Does your father (mother) look youthful?

3. What thoughtful persons do you know?

4. Is the room you live in cheerful?

5. What sort of activities are wasteful?

6.2.5. Translate into Russian without using a dictionary.

1. No whys. There will be time for that later.

2. He promised to better himself.

3. He is always in the thick of things.

4. John has no say in the matter.

5. I don't know how to word it.

6. Sport is an excellent cure for my diseases.

Full understanding

6.3.1. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

composition, history, structure, basis, feudal ['fjüdl], capitalist, group, baron, aristocracy [{rIs'tOkr@sI], centre, real, to base, modern, fun­damental, to control [k@n'troul], forum, criticism, information.

Palace of Westminster, Britain, Saxon, Magna Carta, «Lords», «Commons», House of Com­mons, Cabinet. *6.3.2. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запомните:

New words:

to hold — проводить

to date back — относиться (к прошлому)

king — король

powerful — могущественный

to discuss — обсуждать

to argue ['a:gju:] — спорить

to sign [sam] — подписывать

to accept [@k'sept] — принимать

to support (er) — поддерживать (сторонник)

to defeat [dI'fÖt] — наносить поражение

in the middle of—в середине

development — развитие

armed forces — вооруженные силы

adviser — советник

difference — различие

division — разделение

to summon — созывать

growth — рост

School vocabulary:

change (n., v), century, to call, matter, to meet, mark, last, party, to bring.

*6.3.3. Прочитайте и переведите:

John's composition

Steve's son John was to write a composition about the History of Parliament. He has just finished it and asked his father to read it. Steve couldn't say «no» to his son. That's what he has read:

Britain has the oldest Parliament in the world. This institution has changed over the centuries and has reflect­ed the class structure and economic basis of feudal and capitalist societies.

Parliament is held in the Palace of Westminster. This tradition dates back to Saxon times when the king called to this place a group of powerful barons who discussed with him matters of state. The king often argued with them for his power and money. In 1215 King Henry III refused to accept Magna Carta. A group of powerful barons supported him. But Symon de Monfort defeated them and in 1265 called the first Parliament. From that time the king summoned Parliament and representatives of counties and cities together with the King's advisers from the clergy, and his supporters among the feudal barons met together. As the class differences between the representatives and aristocracy became more marked, the division into the «Lords» and the «Commons» took place.

In the middle of the last century the House of Commons was a centre of real political power. Since those days the growth of the power of the Cabinet, based on the development of the modern party system has brought about a fundamental change. The House of Commons is still the centre of the political stage; but it isn't the centre of the real political power. The House of Commons doesn't control the Cabinet, the civil service or the armed forces. It is in fact a forum for criticism of the Government and for getting the information.

6.3.4. Преподаватель просит вас или ваших друзей сделать что-либо. Откажитесь, сказав, что вы уже делали это в прошлом.

Model: Т. Discuss this story now (last week).

S. But we discussed it last week.

1. Bring me your note-book (yesterday). 2. Go to the theatre and see the new play there (the day before yesterday). 3. Let's read this new book by A. Christy (last year). 4. Send him the text-book by post (last Friday). 5. Sign the document at the dean's office (last week).

6.3.5. Петр Соколов написал это письмо Нелли, когда он был на каникулах. Но теперь, когда он вспоминает летние события, он должен расска­зать все это в прошедшем времени. Помогите ему в этом. Сделайте все необходимые измене­ния.

Dear Nell!

I'm in the country now at my grandmother's. I prepare for my entrance exams here. The place is very nice. I have a lot of friends here and meet them very often. We discuss different things and argue about new books and films. Sometimes we go to the river and swim there. But certainly most of the time I spend on my text-books. I prepare for my history exam now. I read about past centuries, learn the dates and facts about powerful parties, kings, their supporters and advisors. Sometimes when it is very hot I change my plans and go for a walk to the forest. I hope to come back to town very soon and see you again. I miss you very much.

Love, your Pete.

6.3.6. Преподаватель говорит, что вы или ваш друг совершили что-то в прошлом. Вы не соглаша­етесь, утверждая, что вы этого не делали.

1. You rang me up yesterday. 2. You went to the re-staurant last week. 3. You forgot to send the telegram. 4. You went shopping at 5 o'clock yesterday. 5. You brought some magazines to the lesson. 6. You bought a new car last month.

6.3.7. Ниже приводятся ответы одного подозреваемого. Можете вы догадаться, какие вопросы задавал его собеседник?

1. We signed this document yesterday at 5. 2. Yes, he accepted my help. 3. But I didn't change the date of this meeting. 4. I learnt some impor­tant facts about the armed forces of this country. 5. Yes, I had some supporters there. 6. I brought it last Tuesday.

*6.3.8. Скажите по-английски:

1. Вчера мы обсудили это дело и изменили свое решение. 2. В середине прошлого столетия кабинет министров не обладал реальной по­литической властью. 3. Группа представите­лей этой могущественной партии нанесла поражение партии аристократии спустя 2 года. 4. Не было явного различия между двумя капиталистическими партиями. 5. Несколько лет назад он контролировал развитие гражданской службы в стране. 6. Король отказался подписать этот документ вчера.

6.3.9. В своем сочинении Джон, сын Стива, использо­вал Simple Past 12 раз. Можете вы найти все эти случаи? Переведите эти предложения.

6.3.10. Ниже приводится диалог между Петром и Нелли. Прочитайте его и попытайтесь объяс­нить, почему они использовали в речи Present Perfect.

— Hello, Nell! I've brought something for you.

— Hi, Pete! What's that?

— Here you are.

— Oh! What a nice bunch of flowers! I love it! Thank you very much.

— And have you seen the new film? With that young actor... er ... I've forgotten his name

— No, not yet.

— Shall we go together?

— Oh, I'd love to. But how about the tickets?

— I've bought two for you and me.

— It's very kind of you. Thanks.

6.3.11. Вам нужно написать статью в студенческую газету о ваших друзьях и о том, как они проводят свое свободное время. Преподаватель будет задавать им вопросы, а вы попытайтесь суммировать их ответы. Эти вопросы помогут вам.

a) 1. How many times have you been to the theatre this month? 2. When did you go? 3. What did you see? 4. How did you like it?

b) 1. How often do you go to the country for the weekend? 2. How many times have you been there this month? 3. Did you go with your family? 4. How long did you stay there?

c) 1. Have you seen any interesting films this week? 2. When did you last see a good film?

d) 1. How many good books have you read this year? 2. Which of them did you like best? 3. Have you got enough time to read much?

e) 1. Have you read the paper today? 2. Do you usually read the paper before you go to college or when you get home after classes?

6.3.12. Вы сегодня в плохом настроении и отрицательно реагируете на все, что преподаватель говорит вам. Не забудьте употреблять Present Perfect и наречия already, yet, just, never.

Mode: Т. You must do this exercise now.

S. I've done it already.

1. You were in St.-Petersburg last year, weren't you? (never).

2. Why didn't you write the letter to your parents? (already).

3. I think you have asked all the questions (yet).

4. I saw you at the theatre yesterday (yet).

5. You say you haven't seen Bob for a long time (just).

6. I know your parents are away (already).

6.3.13. Автор спутал все случаи употребления Present Perfect и Simple Past в этом упражнении. Помогите найти ошибки и объясните их.

1. She has read a lot of books last year. 2. We didn't go to the theatre this month. 3. Did you have holiday this year?— Not yet. 4. What are your plans for summer? — I didn't think about it yet. 5. We've discussed some of these problems last time. 6. When have you bought this car? — Two years ago.

*6.3.14. Скажите по-английски:

1. Он уже принял наше приглашение. 2. Мы с ним никогда не встречались. 3. Они обсудили все дела вчера. 4. Король только что подписал этот документ. 5. Представитель кабинета отказался дать какую-либо ин­формацию о ядерных испытаниях. 6. Вы когда-нибудь слышали о палате общин как центре реальной политической власти? 7. Ко­го вы привели с собой?

6.3.15. Ваш друг говорит, что он может (должен) сделать что-либо, но вы знаете, что он мог (должен был) сделать это ранее. Скажите ему об этом.

1. I can play piano well. 2.I can't speak English at all. 3. I must buy tickets for you and me. 4. I must give up smoking. 5.I can go shopping to-day. 6. I mustn't say such things now.

6.3.16. Скажите вашему другу, какие 3 действия он должен был (не должен был) сделать и какие 3 действия ему положено было сделать ранее:

Model: 1. You didn't have to bring this text book.

2. You were to come to this meeting.

* 6.3.17. Скажите по-английски:

1. Мы обязательно должны были сделать все упражнения? — Нет, вы могли сделать первые три. 2. Моя дочь могла читать по-английски, когда ей было только шесть лет. 3. Я не мог пойти вчера в театр. 4. Они говорили со мной по-английски, и я сумел понять их! 5. У нас было мало времени, и мы должны были взять такси. 6. Я забыл сказать им о собрании, и мне пришлось им позвонить. 7. Я не смог перевести текст, потому что в нем было очень много новых слов.

6.3.18. Внимание! Проводим соревнование на звание лучшего переводчика! Первый этап соревнова­ния — устно перевести следующие предложе­ния (1 мин), затем закрыть книги и перевести эти предложения на английский язык.

1. The approval of the House of Commons isn't very important for the Government.

2. The representatives of both parties took part in the meeting.

3. The leaders of the party discussed their policy for the elections.

4. The supporters of the President are very powerful.

5. The main force of the Government is the Cabinet.

6. The House of Lords has no influence on the decisions of the Cabinet.

6.3.19. Следующий этап соревнования — вставить в предложения недостающие слова, используя следующий список:

1. ...of the state discussed important questions.

2. The Cabinet has the ... influence in the country.

3. Yesterday the