X. Напишите по английски несколько фраз о своей будущей специальности.

ВАРИАНТ 2

Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видовременные формы глагола: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous.

2. Модальные глаголы can, may, must и их эквиваленты.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I и Participle II и причастные обороты.

4. Инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты, и особенности их перевода.

5. Герундий и герундиальные обороты, и особенности их перевода.

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

The Legal System of the UK

British law comes from two main sources: laws made in Parliament (usually drawn up by government departments and lawyers), and Common Law, which is based on previous judgments and customs. Just as there is no written Constitution, so England and Wales have neither criminal code nor civil code and the interpretation of the law is based on what has happened in the past. The laws which are made in Parliament are interpreted by the courts, but changes in the law itself are made in Parliament.

The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magistrates’ court. There are 700 magistrates’ courts and about 30,000 magistrates.

More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in the County courts.

Appeals are heard by higher courts. For example, appeals from magistrates’ court are heard in the Crown Court, unless they are appeals on points of law. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords. (Scotland has its own High Court in Edinburgh which hears all appeals from Scottish courts.) Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. In addition, individuals have made the British Government change its practices in a number of areas as a result of petitions to the European Court of Human Rights.

The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroner’s courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths). There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with professional standards or disputes between individuals and government departments (for example, over taxation).

II. Переведите на русский язык следующие понятия и словосочетания:

to make laws, judgement, to deal with, the Crown Court, criminal code, unnatural death, common type, the County Court, written Constitution, civil code, civil cases

III. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

судебная система, гражданский кодекс, филиал, писаная Конституция, правонарушитель, Европейский Суд по правам человека, суд по делам несовершеннолетних, насильственная смерть, суд высшей инстанции, спор.

IV. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту:

1. Who is responsible for making laws in Britain?

2. What is the most common type of law court in England and Wales?

3. Which court deals with civil cases?

4. Which court deals with criminal cases?

5. Which court would deal with the following:

- a bank robbery?

- a divorce case?

- a burglary committed by a fifteen-year-old boy?

- a drowning?

- a case of driving too fast?

V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод пассивной конструкции:

1. Criminal law is concerned with wrongful acts harmful to the community.

2. Civil law is concerned with individuals’ rights, duties and obligations towards one another.

VI. Соотнесите термины с их определениями:

1- arrest	a. person charged in a court of law
2- bankruptcy	b. give a punishment
3- burglary	c. found to have broken a law
4- defendant	d. stick carried by a policeman
5- fraud	e. inability to pay one’s debts
6- guilty	f. breaking into a building to steal
7- prosecute	g. deceiving to make money
8- sentence	h. seize a person by law
9- statute	i. law established by Parliament
10- truncheon	j. bring a criminal charge against someone

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Most people who are found guilty by Magistrates’ courts have to pay a fine.

2. Magistrates’ courts can impose fines of up to £2,000 or prison sentences of up to six months.

3. If the punishment is to be more severe the case must go to a Crown Court.

4. Should police officers be responsible for patrolling the street?

5. The House of Lords can revise bills but it cannot stop them from becoming Acts.

6. Courts may be classified in a number of ways, for example, higher and lower courts.

VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что инфинитив в функции определения и особенно объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям:

1. The report to be written by the investigator must include all the facts collected during the investigation.

2. The judge expected the witness to give all the information about that fact.

3. The person to be interviewed is supposed to have witnessed the crime.

4. The crime to be investigated by Scotland Yard occurred on the Thames.

5. A crime is considered to be a socially dangerous act directed against the social and state system, the system of economy, property and other rights of citizens.

IX. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения с причастными оборотами:

1. Having assessed the facts the jury returned the verdict.

2. Being the highest court the House of Lords has appellation jurisdiction.

X. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, учитывая разные возможности передачи герундия и герундиальных оборотов на русский язык:

1. The police suspected the teenager of being an offender.

2. According to the law the magistrate conducting a preliminary hearing is obliged to inform the accused of his having a right to legal counsel.

3. Everybody was surprised at the penalty being so severe.

ВАРИАНТ 3

Для того чтобы успешно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Основные сведения о сослагательном наклонении, условные предложения трех типов.

2. Сложные формы Infinitive and Participle.

3. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object), субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject), независимый причастный оборот (The Absolute Participle Construction), герундиальный оборот (The Gerund Construction).

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что инфинитив в функции определения и особенно объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям:

1. The British Constitution is considered to be unwritten.

2. Criminality is considered to be a social phenomenon.

3. The evidence to be found at a crime scene is very important for the investigation.

4. The criminal case to be tried by our district court next week is much spoken of in our city.

5. The witness saw the criminal run away.

6. We consider the traces to be very important for the investigation.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения с причастными оборотами:

1. Having been translated into many languages, the detective story became known all over the world.

2. The lawyer being very experienced, the discussion didn’t last long.

3. The meeting having been over, the employees left the room.

4. The man sitting next to you is a lawyer.

5. The policeman injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.

6. The man sitting near the window is a prosecutor.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, учитывая разные возможности передачи герундия и герундиальных оборотов на русский язык:

1. The two young men were accused of violating public order.

2. In investigating crimes photography is used for recording material evidence.

3. The lecturer began talking about the origin of the jury.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия:

1. If the case is not difficult we’ll investigate it very soon.

2. If the contract contains force major clause the seller will compensate the losses at his own expense.

3. If criminality did not exist in our times, there would be no need in finding the ways and means for overcoming this phenomenon.

4. If we had no civil law, proprietary relations would be regulated in some other way.

5. If I had known about that fact I would have build the legal defense in a different way.

6. If I had been there I would have helped you, but unfortunately I was far away.

V. Перепишите и переведите текст письменно: