Input & Output Devices of a Computer

Hardware vs Software

A computer is mainly divided into two parts, all of the computer’s components being the hardware or the software. The hardware is the physical aspect of the computer, things that we can touch, while, software is the non-physical aspect. The easiest way to distinguish among the two is that anything we see when the computer is off is the hardware, while anything we see on the monitor is the software.

Hardware is the actual components that your computer is made of, such as the monitor, keyboard, CPU, etc. If there weren't hardware (или инверсия weren't there hardware или without), the computer would not exist and the software would have nothing to run on. The software, on the other hand, is any program that you load onto a computer, such as the operating system, the server, the web browser, media player, etc. It is the code and instructions that tells the computer hardware how to operate. This code can be viewed and executed using the hardware. The hardware serves as the delivery system for software solutions. It gives something for the software to operate on.

A computer can run without installed software. However, if an operating system or interpreter is not found, the computer would either generate an error or sit at a black screen. The software enables a computer to perform a specific task. Additional programs give the computer additional abilities.

Once installed, the hardware of a computer is infrequently changed, as it rarely fails. However, it does wear out over time and tends to have increasing failures at the last stage of its life. Software, on the other hand, does not wear out over time and does not have an increasing failure rate over its life. It does tend to become outdated, but it is readily created, modified, updated or erased on the computer.

There are various types of hardware, including input devices – which are used to input data into the computer; output devices – which allow the data to be seen; data storage – which store data; data ports – which allow connectivity between the computer and other devices; and the computer care – which is the base unit and includes the base components essential for the computer to run.

We know of software categorizing into three different types: system software, programming software and application software. System software is software designed to operate and provide basic functionality to the computer hardware in order for it to be able to provide a platform for running application software. Programming software includes programs or applications that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or support other programs and applications. Application software is developed to perform any task that benefits from computation. It is a set of programs that allows the computer to perform a specific data processing job for the user.

Задание 1. Перепишите 2 и 6 абзацы текста, сделайте их письменный перевод.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний, выпишите их в тетрадь:

система доставки, выполнять (команды), устанавливать (программу), выходить из строя, износоустойчивость, запоминающее устройство, запуск программы, отлаживать (программу), разработчик, обслуживать.

Задание 3. Найдите среди подчеркнутых слов в тексте синонимы к следующим словам, выпишите их в тетрадь:

failing, side, commands, permit, make, gadgets, elements, obsolete.

Задание 4. Определите, соответствуют ли ниже приведенные высказывания прочитанному тексту (верно/неверно/в тексте нет информации):

1. Computers are divided into three main categories.

2. The hardware is anything we see on the monitor.

3. It is the operating system that tells the computer hardware how to operate.

4. The hardware serves as the distribution system for software solutions.

5. Application software is designed to do any task that gains from computation.

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is the easiest way to distinguish between two main parts of the computer?

2. What part can't a computer run without?

3. What happens if on operating system or interpreter is not found?

4. What main part of the computer is readily created, modified, updated or erased?

5. What is the function of system software?

Задание 6. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот, инверсию в условном предложении, инфинитивный оборот, инфинитив в функции обстоятельства и дополнения.

Задание 7. Выполните перевод грамматикализованных предложений.

1. Use the term data processing to include the recourses applied for processing of information.

2. A computer memory is considered to be more extensive than that of a human.

3. The hardware of the computer allows to deliver software solutions.

4. Any computer is supposed to output processed data on the screen or in printed form.

5. The program running, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data.

6. The instructions and data are processed by the CPU, the main memory holding them.

7. On the rear panel of the computer we can see several ports; a modem, a digital camera and a scanner being plugged into them.

8. If you need to make a presentation, I suggest using Power Point.

9. Computers might be classified into five types: mainframes, minicomputers, desktop PS’s, laptops and handheld computers.

10. Had my computer had this application I would have completed the task earlier.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 2, ВАРИАНТ 2 (4 семестр)

Input & Output Devices of a Computer

Input and output devices are computer hardware components. If there weren't input devices (или инверсия weren't there input devices или without), a computer user would not be able to feed instructions to, or send and store information in, a computer; without output devices (или if there weren't output devices или инверсия weren't there output devices), the computer would not be able to give processed information back to the user.

There are different input devices, mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone and web-cam being ones of the most common. The mouse and the keyboard are the most important input devices as all programs, including the operating system (OS), are designed to be navigated through and controlled with these devices. The mouse, a pointing device, is a small hemispherical object with a flat bottom; the contours fit into the palm of the hand, translating physical motions of the operator to cursor movement on the screen. In laptop computers, the mouse has been replaced with a flat, pressure-sensitive panel, operated by a finger. Another critical input device, the keyboard is a flat panel with rows of alphanumeric keys and other special keys with unique computing functions.

The most common output devices in modern computers are the display monitor, speaker, printer and the sound and video cards. The monitor works in conjunction with the video card, sometimes referred to as the graphics adapter, to generate and display images. The display monitor in a modern computer is flat-panel LCD screen able to display bright images with full clarity. Size of the display unit may vary, depending on computer function and setting - usually it is between 14 and 21 inches. Computer speakers play sounds, based on signals from the audio card. In a modern computer, the speakers can either be integrated into the hardware or added as a peripheral device.

In computing, data input comes before data output. By our playing an audio clip stored in disk, all the processes you carry out, including double-clicking the file, are inputs. You instruct the computer by using input devices to open a folder, locate the file, load the media player and play the audio clip. The computer takes in these instructions, executes them and gives you an output in the form of sound from the speakers. The same sequence is carried out in all computing processes, whether you edit a word document or browse the Internet.

Input devices are physically interacted with by the user and have buttons, keys, a lens or some other component that is responsible for the actual data input. Output devices are never contacted, are usually larger, and typically have a screen or set of speakers for data output.

Data output can be of two different types. When a monitor shows an open document, it is known as a "soft copy" because the image can be replaced by closing the window. When a printer prints the document, it is known as a "hard copy" because the printed information is permanent and cannot be replaced.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания:

Задание 1. Перепишите 3 и 4 абзацы текста, сделайте их письменный перевод.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний, выпишите их в тетрадь:

обработанные данные, регулирование, буквенно-цифровая клавиатура, сенсорная панель, производить и выводить на экран, яркое изображение, принимать команды и выполнять, подключать, находить информацию в интернете, редактировать текст.

Задание 3. Найдите среди подчеркнутых слов в тексте синонимы к следующим словам, выпишите их в тетрадь:

parts, connection, important, apparatus, to show, only, to produce, commands.

1. Input and output devices are computer hardware and software devices.

2. The mouse and the keyboard are designed to feed instructions to or send and store information in a computer.

3. The never centre of a PC is the processor also called the CPU or central processing unit.

4. All programs are designed to be navigated through and controlled with the mouse and the keyboard.

5. A barcode reader in on input device that scans barcodes on the products sold in shops.

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are the functions of input and output devices?

2. What are the most important input devices?

3. What does size of the display depend on?

4. How does the monitor work?

5. Which paragraph describes the sequence you follow while carrying any computing process?

6. Which copies we call “soft” and “hard” and why?

Задание 6. Выпишите из текста предложения содержащие; условное предложение, независимый причастный оборот, инфинитивный оборот.

Задание 7. Выполните перевод грамматикализованных предложений.

1. Information to be put into the computer for processing should be coded into ones and zeroes.

2. Processing is operations on data to convert them into useful information.

3. We know all computer systems to perform the functions of imputing, processing, controlling and outputting.

4. Scientific data on this problem were reported to have been fed into the computer memory.

5. The menu option chosen, you just click on the mouse button.

6. I wanted to move an image, I would position the pointer on the object I wont to wove, press the button and dray the image to a new location on the screen.

7. Your instructing the computer by using input devices enables it to execute them and give you an output.

8. We know of the document being printed by a printer as a “hard copy”.

9. It is important that you should use a mouse instead of arrow keys on the keyboard.

10. We can make the computer do what we want by inputting signals turning switchers on and off.