In contrast to the laboratory research, the setting of the field experiment is More natural

56. Money is the most obvious example of extrinsic motivation. (TRUE)

57. In Milgram's obedience study, once subjects had given a 15-volt shock, they had committed themselves to the experiment. Because each increment was small, before they knew it, most people were administering what they believed were dangerously strong shocks. This relates to what factor in obedience?:

a. wanting to be polite

b. becoming entrapped----true-----

c. routinizing the task

d. allocating responsibility to the authority ---Incorrect----

58. When David received a D on his exam, he complained about the professor and the way the test items were worded. David is displaying the:

a. validity effect.

b. self-serving bias. Correct

c. just-world hypothesis.

d. fundamental attribution error.

59.

Jason wanted to hit his younger brother but feelings of guilt kept him from doing so. His internalization of right and wrong comes from his

Select one:

a. superego. Correct

b. ego.

c. id.

d. identity.

60. Social part that one plays in society is called ........... (fill in one word)

Answer:

Role

61. What statement best describes the significance of the Milgram obedience experiments?:

Select one:

a. Situational forces can strongly influence human behaviour. Correct

b. Only deviant or psychotic people aggress against others.

c. Most people enjoy harming others.

d. Society is to blame for all criminal behaviour.

62. John is walking to work one day when he sees an elderly man stumble and fall to the sidewalk. There are many other people present, but no one stops to help. John also does not stop. John's behaviour may reflect:

Select one:

a. egocentricity.

b. aggression.

c. diffusion of responsibility.

d. prosocial behaviour. Incorrect

63. In work groups, the more members there are, the less effort each subject exerts, letting others work harder. This defines _______________.:

Select one:

a. bystander effect

b. diffusion of responsibility

c. social loafing Correct

d. groupthink

64. An approach to psychology that emphasises the study of observable behaviour and the role of the environment as a determinant of behaviour is __________.

Select one:

a. Humanism

b. Behaviourism Correct

c. Case study

d. Cognitive

65. When Lawrence Kohlberg presented moral dilemmas to people, he was interested in

Select one:

a. whether people judge a particular action as right or wrong.

b. how people punish immorality.

c. how people explain and justify their moral judgments. Correct

d. whether people believed in punishment for wrongdoing.

66. Since Elizabeth became president of the school board, she has encouraged expressions of dissent and has based decisions on majority rule rather than unanimity. Elizabeth is trying to reduce:

Select one:

a. prejudice.

b. social loafing.

c. groupthink. ---correct-----

d. diffusion of responsibility. Incorrect

67. In friendly, close-knit groups, there is a tendency for all members to think alike and suppress dissent. This is an example of:

Select one:

a. social loafing.

b. ethnocentrism.

c. just-world hypothesis

d. groupthink. Correct

68. Person to which the information is addressed:

Select one:

a. communionist Correct

b. communiqué

c. communicator

d. comment

69. What type of research emphasizes the practical use of psychological information?

Select one:

a. Counselling

b. Community

c. Applied Correct

d. Basic

70. Process of sending and receiving information consists of verbal communication, nonverbal communication and ........... (fill in one word)

Answer:

Metacommunication

Incorrect

71. In attributing causes to other people's behaviour, the tendency to overestimate the effects of personality factors and underestimate the effects of situational factors is called:

Select one:

a. fundamental attribution error. Correct

b. groupthink.

c. ethnocentrism.

d. social loafing.

72. At the Answer

formal

Correct operations stage, teenagers are capable of abstract reasoning and are able to compare and classify ideas.

73. In work groups, the more members there are, the less effort each subject exerts, letting others work harder. This defines _______________.:

Select one:

a. bystander effect

b. diffusion of responsibility

c. groupthink

d. social loafing Correct

74. In the obedience study, Milgram found that people are more likely to disobey when:

Select one:

a. the person ordering them to continue was an authoritative experimenter.

b. the victim was in the next room.

c. two experimenters issued conflicting demands. Correct

d. the experimenter was in the room.

75. The parents of two-year-old toddler Lukas encourage independence, allowing him to explore his environment freely. According to Erikson, Lukas will develop

Select one:

a. initiative.

b. autonomy. Correct

c. intimacy.

d. trust.

76. I believe that I got an "A" in geometry because I'm a hard worker, but I got a "D" in biology because the teacher doesn't like me. This demonstrates:

Select one:

a. altruism.

b. fundamental attribution error. Correct

c. ethnocentrism.

d. groupthink.

77. Psychologists who help people deal with problems of everyday life, such as test anxiety, family or marital problems, or low job motivation, are called __________ psychologists.

Select one:

a. Counseling Correct

b. Psychometric

c. School

d. Clinical

78. The obedience study and the prison study illustrate the power of:

Select one:

a. social roles. Correct

b. groupthink.

c. altruism.

d. stereotypes.

79. Solomon Asch's study of line comparisons was designed to study:

Select one:

a. groupthink.

b. deindividuation.

c. conformity. Correct

d. cognitive dissonance.

80. Since Elizabeth became president of the school board, she has encouraged expressions of dissent and has based decisions on majority rule rather than unanimity. Elizabeth is trying to reduce:

Select one:

a. prejudice.

b. groupthink. Correct

c. diffusion of responsibility.

d. social loafing.

81. At the Answer

formal

Correct operations stage, teenagers are capable of abstract reasoning and are able to compare and classify ideas.

82. Which term refers to a given social situation that is governed by a set of norms for proper behaviour?:

Select one:

a. altruism

b. social loafing

c. bystander apathy

d. role Correct

83. Answer

Psychology

Correct is the study of behaviour and mental processes and of how they are affected by an organism’s external and internal environment.

84. In contrast to the laboratory research, the setting of the field experiment is

Select one:

a. More natural Correct

b. More controlled by the researcher

c. Easily repeated

d. Lacking the independent variables

85. An area in social psychology concerned with social influences on thought, memory, perception is ........... (fill in two words)

Answer:

Social cognition

Correct

86. Thomas learns that Sally Jones is the name of the new company president. His first response to this information is, "Oh great, a woman president. I just know I'm going to hate working for her—in fact, I don't like her already. Why can't the company hire a man?" Thomas's response reflects:

Select one:

a. stereotypes.

b. schemas.

c. prejudice. Correct

d. discrimination.

87. Bystander effect reffers to the finding, that people are ........... when others are present.:

Select one:

a. less likely to help

b. nicer

c. more helpful Incorrect

d. much louder

88. Solomon Asch's study of line comparisons was designed to study:

Select one:

a. conformity. Correct

b. cognitive dissonance.

c. groupthink.

d. deindividuation.

89. The motivation to help others out of pure regard for their needs is:

Select one:

a. hedonism

b. egoism

c. altruism Correct

d. utilitarism

90. When Lawrence Kohlberg presented moral dilemmas to people, he was interested in

Select one:

a. how people punish immorality.

b. whether people judge a particular action as right or wrong.

c. how people explain and justify their moral judgments. Correct

d. whether people believed in punishment for wrongdoing.

91. Some adults, said Kohlberg, realize that certain laws - such as those that legitimize the mistreatment of minorities- are themselves immoral. Kohlberg called this level the Answer

postconventional

Correct morality. A very few individuals develop a moral standard based on universal rights. When faced with a conflict between law and conscience, they follow conscience, even at great personal risk.

92. Implicit or explicit rules for acceptable behaviour and beliefs are called ........... (fill in two words)

Answer:

Social norms

93 Gerardo’s boss always likes to be right and to be the "expert" on any topic. Whenever their work team meets, he becomes irritated with whoever disagrees with him. If anyone tries to speak to him, others in the group quickly change the subject to be sure no one challenges him. What is occurring in this situation?:

Select one:

a. Self-serving bias Incorrect

b. Coercive persuasion

c. Groupthink

d. Altruism

94. In Milgram's obedience study, once subjects had given a 15-volt shock, they had committed themselves to the experiment. Because each increment was small, before they knew it, most people were administering what they believed were dangerously strong shocks. This relates to what factor in obedience?:

Select one:

a. allocating responsibility to the authority

b. routinizing the task

c. wanting to be polite

d. becoming entrapped Correct

95. Attributions are grouped into what two major categories?:

Select one:

a. interpersonal and intrapersonal

b. extraversion and neuroticism

c. cognitive and behavioral Incorrect

d. dispositional and situational

96. Which of the following skills does the sensorimotor child posses?

Select one:

a. conservation

b. abstract reasoning

c. Classification

d. object permanence Correct

97. The Skinner box is used to demonstrate __________.

Select one:

a. classical conditioning

b. latent learning

c. operant conditioning Correct

d. observational learning

98. When each member of a team slows down, letting others work harder, what has taken place?:

Select one:

a. altruism

b. social loafing Correct

c. situational attribution

d. groupthink

99. Attributions are grouped into what two major categories?:

Select one:

a. extraversion and neuroticism

b. cognitive and behavioral

c. interpersonal and intrapersonal

d. dispositional and situational Correct

100. Basic disciplines of psychology can be divided into two groups: Theoretical disciplines and Answer

applied

Correct disciplines.

101. In the obedience study, Milgram found that people are more likely to disobey when:

Select one:

a. the experimenter was in the room.

b. the victim was in the next room.

c. the person ordering them to continue was an authoritative experimenter.

d. two experimenters issued conflicting demands. Correct

102. John is walking to work one day when he sees an elderly man stumble and fall to the sidewalk. There are many other people present, but no one stops to help. John also does not stop. John's behaviour may reflect:

Select one:

a. diffusion of responsibility. Correct

b. prosocial behaviour.

c. egocentricity.

d. aggression.

103. Sally rides her bike to school because she can't get a ride is an example of:

Select one:

a. just-world hypothesis.

b. role.

c. situational attribution. Correct

d. dispositional attribution.

104. B.F. Skinner is to operant conditioning as Ivan Pavlov is to __________.

Select one:

a. classical conditioning Correct

b. observational learning

c. habituation

d. association

105. Implicit or explicit rules for acceptable behaviour and beliefs are called ........... (fill in two words)

Answer:

social role

106. At the Answer

formal

Correct operations stage, teenagers are capable of abstract reasoning and are able to compare and classify ideas.

107. Classifying members of a social group as if they were all the same is called:

Select one:

a. social representation

b. scapegoating

c. stereotyping Correct

d. social cognition

108. When Lawrence Kohlberg presented moral dilemmas to people, he was interested in

Select one:

a. how people punish immorality.

b. whether people believed in punishment for wrongdoing.

c. whether people judge a particular action as right or wrong.

d. how people explain and justify their moral judgments. Correct

109. Social part that one plays in society is called ........... (fill in one word)

Answer:

Role

110. The group with which we identify is called:

Select one:

a. internalization group

b. reference group

c. preference group --- incorrect----

d. identification group Incorrect

111. Basic disciplines of psychology can be divided into two groups: Theoretical disciplines and Answer

applied

Correct disciplines.

112. The main difference between psychological knowledge and popular opinion is that _.

Select one:

a. psychological knowledge is contained in textbooks; popular opinion is not.

b. popular opinion is usually very obvious and psychological knowledge is rarely the expected result.

c. findings based on psychological knowledge are often the opposite of popular opinion.

d. psychological knowledge is based on research evidence; popular opinion is not. Correct

113. Which of these theorists developed a theory of cognitive development?

Select one:

a. Piaget Correct

b. Kohlberg

c. Gilligan

d. Erikson

114. In friendly, close-knit groups, there is a tendency for all members to think alike and suppress dissent. This is an example of:

Select one:

a. just-world hypothesis

b. groupthink. Correct

c. social loafing.

d. ethnocentrism.

115. ANo ______________ is a social convention that regulates human life, including explicit laws and implicit cultural standards.:

Select one:

a. role

b. norm Correct

c. culture

d. attitude

116. ____________ is how close people normally stand to one another when they are speaking.:

Select one:

a. Groupthink

b. Conversational distance Correct

c. Altruism

d. Ethnocentrism

117. What statement best describes the significance of the Milgram obedience experiments?:

Select one:

a. Society is to blame for all criminal behaviour.

b. Situational forces can strongly influence human behaviour. Correct

c. Only deviant or psychotic people aggress against others.

d. Most people enjoy harming others.

118. What type of coping strategy is designed to reduce stress by overcoming the problem?

Select one:

a. problem-focused coping Correct

b. thought suppression

c. proactive coping

d. emotion-focused coping

119. The group with which we identify is called:

Select one:

a. reference group

b. identification group

c. preference group Incorrect

d. internalization group

120. _____________ is how close people normally stand to one another when they are speaking.:

Select one:

a. Ethnocentrism

b. Conversational distance Correct

c. Groupthink

d. Altruism

121. Conformity to a majority was studied by:

Select one:

a. Freud

b. Maslow

c. Asch Correct

d. Zimbardo

122. At the Answer

formal

Correct operations stage, teenagers are capable of abstract reasoning and are able to compare and classify ideas.

123. Basic disciplines of psychology can be divided into two groups: Theoretical disciplines and Answer

applied

Correct disciplines.

124. The obedience study and the prison study illustrate the power of:

Select one:

a. groupthink.

b. social roles. Correct

c. stereotypes.

d. altruism.

125. Process of sending and receiving information consists of verbal communication, nonverbal communication and ........... (fill in one word)

Answer:

Metacommunication

126.

A researcher investigates the effect of background music on retaining information. She gives two groups of stud	15:21:45
		The group with which we identify is called: Select one: a. internalization group b. preference group c. reference group Correct d. identification group