Data transport through a speedy world 3 страница
III. Choose:
a noun
1. a) communicative; b) communicate; c) communication.
2. a) receiver; b) receive; c) receivable.
3. a) use; b) user; c) useful.
4. a) conception; b) conceptual; c) conceptualize.
a verb
5. a) transmit; b) transmission; c) transmitter.
6. a) creation; b) creative; c) create.
7. a) subscription; b) subscriber; c) subscribe.
8. a) operational; b) operate; c) operation.
an adjective
9. a) different; b) differentiate; c) differently.
10. a) mobility; b) mobilize; c) mobile.
11. a) electronic; b) electron; c) electronics.
12. a) mainframe; b) main; c) mainly.
13. a) cellular; b) cell; c) cellule.
an adverb
14. a) especial; b) especially.
15. a) enormously; b) enormousness; c) enormous.
16. a) high; b) highly; c) highness.
17. a) ordinarily; b) ordinary.
IV. Define the meaning of the “x” words. Improve: improvement = =улучшать: x. (глагол: существительное)
1. Communicate: communication = x: сообщение
2. Create: creation = создавать: x
3. Receive: receiver = принимать: x
4. Exhibit: exhibition = x: выставка
5. Use: user = x: пользователь
6. Subscribe: subscription = подписываться: x
7. Expose: exposition = выставлять: x
8. Transmit: transmitter = x: передатчик
9. Tend: tendency = иметь тенденцию: x
V. Make adjectives from the following nouns by adding the suffixes: -al, -ical, -y, -less, -ible, -ic, -ful, -able and translate them into Russian.
Technology, electron, operation, speed, sphere, voice, help, theatre, sense, break.
VI. Arrange the words with similar meaning of the two groups in pairs.
| 1) communication 2) enormous 3) mankind 4) mobile 5) conception 6) exhibition 7) trade 8) sphere 9) device 10) ordinary 11) border 12) tendency 13) speed 14) nowadays 15) web | a) portable b) exposition c) frontier d) huge e) field, area f) usual, standard g) rapidity h) contact; transmission i) trend j) commerce k) humanity l) idea m) at the present time n) net o) implement |
VII. Match the words with their opposites, like the example:
dirty clean
| a) ordinary b) obtain c) create d) different e) mobile f) impossible g) non-business h) main i) enormous j) wide | 1) destroy 2) static 3) tiny 4) business 5) narrow 6) lose 7) unusual 8) possible 9) similar, ordinary 10) minor |
VIII. Match the verbs from “a” with the nouns from “b”
| a) transmit book expose obtain create carry out cost use work out be linked with | b) devices bank operations net Internet electronic language tickets telephone receiver data ring speed |
IX. Complete the sentences with the words given below.
1. Most devices of … communications will be exposed as an Internet language.
2. Mobile Internet is the main … .
3. By the year 2001 more than a half … of mobile nets will use WAP.
4. In the West millions of … people, even housewives have two or three apparatus of cellular communication.
5. The speed of … transmitting is the main problem nowadays.
6. By the year 2004 there will be 120 million users of … Internet and every fourth user will do it with the help of cellular … for working in the W.W.W.
7. World Wide … is the system that stores information for computer users around the world to use.
8 .Mobile … and mobile … are impossible without speed.
9. Telephone, television, cellular communication and W.W.W. create an enormous … for mankind.
10.The … mail, voice message, trade, bank operations will be carried out with the help of an electronic language.
Video, subscribers, Internet, data, electronic, “know-how”, non-business, web, mobile, communication, net, cellular.
X. Translate into English.
На Западе миллионы неделовых людей и даже домохозяйки имеют аппараты сотовой связи.
Мобильный Интернет невозможен без скорости.
Скорость передачи данных является главной проблемой сегодняшнего дня.
Используя Интернет, человечество будет иметь сотовую голосовую и видеосвязь по всему миру, и стоить она будет не больше, чем местный телефонный звонок.
Различные банковские услуги, покупки, заказ билетов на все виды транспорта, в театры и на выставки будут доступны в любое время и в любом месте.
Электронная почта, голосовые сообщения, торговые и банковские операции будут осуществляться с помощью интернетовского языка.
К 2001 году более половины абонентов мобильных сетей будут использовать электронный язык, разработанный специально для мобильного Интернета.
A. Text Study
I. Look at the title (and the pictures). What do you think this reading will be about? Read the text and define its main idea.
Text A
CELLULAR COMMUNICATION AND MOBILE INTERNET
Telephone, television, cellular communication and W. W. W. (World Wide Web — Internet) — all these are different conceptions creating an enormous net for mankind.
Mobile Internet is the main "know-how"; it is a break into and out of the borders.
In the West millions of non-business people, even housewives have two or three apparatus of cellular communication.
Speed is the main problem of today in that sphere of technology, which is linked in our sense with an ordinary telephone receiver.
Mobile Internet and mobile video are impossible without speed, as the speed of data transmitting is the main problem nowadays.
By the year 2004 there will be 120 million users of Mobile Internet and every fourth user will do it with the help of cellular communication for working in the W. W. W. Different services of banks, shopping, booking tickets for all kinds of transport, for cinemas, exhibitions, theatres — all these will be accessible at any time and place.
By the year 2001 more than a half subscribers of mobile nets will use WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) — it is an electronic language worked out especially for the Mobile Internet.
Most devices of cellular communications will be exposed as an Internet Language.
The electronic mail, voice messages, trade, bank operations, etc. will be carried out with their help.
With the help of high technology there is a tendency to obtain the speed of 11 megabits per second, comparing with the speed of 9,8 kilobits nowadays.
Using Internet mankind will have cellular voice and video communication nets all over the world, and its ring will cost no more than a local ring.
II. Read the text again carefully and answer the questions.
1. What conceptions create an enormous net for mankind?
2. What main “know-how” is a break into and out of the borders?
3. What people have apparatus of cellular communication?
4. What are Mobile Internet and mobile video impossible without?
5. What is the main problem of today in that sphere of technology, which is linked in our sense with an ordinary telephone receiver?
6. What is W.W.W.?
7. What communication will be used by users of Mobile Internet for working in the W.W.W. by the year 2004?
8. What services will be accessible at any time and place?
9. When will more than a half subscribers of mobile nets use WAP?
10.What speed can be obtained with the help of high technology?
11.What will mankind have using Internet?
III. Which of the vocabulary units used in paragraphs 1-5 could be regarded as international words?
IV. Read the translation of the third and fourth paragraphs. Compare it with the original and say if everything is right.
На Востоке миллионы деловых людей, а не домохозяек, имеют по два и три аппарата сотовой связи.
Скорость в наши дни не проблема в той области техники, которая связана с восприятием обычного радиоприемника.
V. Find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations in paragraphs 4, 5 and 6.
Область техники, обычная телефонная трубка, мобильный Интернет, скорость передачи данных, главная проблема, пользователь, сотовая связь, всемирная информационная сеть, различные банковские услуги, заказ билетов, быть доступным в любое время, в наши дни.
VI. Find a passage about WAP and translate it into Russian.
VII. Choose two passages and read them aloud (1-2 minutes).
VIII. Find complex grammar structures in the text and divide them into simple ones.
IX. Find out the subject-matter and the means of its secondary expression. e.g. Take the book from the table and put it into your bag.
X. Find key words, phrases and the topic sentences which express the general meaning of each paragraph best of all.
XI. Using the information obtained from the paragraphs make a plan of the text.
XII. Speak about cellular communication and Mobile Internet using key words, phrases, the topic sentences and the plan of the text.
B. Text Study
I. Look at the title of the text. Make your predictions about the content of it. Read the text and answer the questions:
a. What is Facsimile Transmission?
b. When did Facsimile machines come into use?
c. Can personal computers imitate the operation of fax machines?
Text B
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
Facsimile Transmission is a communication system that copies, sends, and receives documents by way of telephone lines. Also called faxing, this method of communication allows people to share exact copies of important papers by duplicating and sending them on one end, and then receiving and reproducing them on the other.
Facsimile machines came into use in the early 20th century when newspaper companies began using them to transmit photographs between branch offices. By the mid-1980s use of desktop facsimile machines had become commonplace for business and personal correspondence throughout the world. Since the 1990s many people have used personal computers to send and receive facsimile transmissions, or faxes, eliminating the need for a separate facsimile machine. In the latter half of the decade, Internet fax services grew increasingly popular. These services provide the ability to receive faxes to anyone who has Internet access.
Personal computers can imitate the operation of fax machines. Computer-based faxing enables people to transmit electronic computer files as faxes to another computer or to a conventional fax machine.
To send and receive facsimile transmissions, a computer must be equipped with faxing software and a fax modem, and it must be connected to a telephone line. The faxing software prompts the computer user to enter the fax number of the receiving computer or fax machine. The software compresses the file so it can be transmitted more efficiently, and then sends it to the fax modem. The modem converts digital computer files into analog signals so they can travel via telephone lines.
The fax modem of the receiving computer reconverts the analog telephone signal into a digital computer file. The faxing software on the receiving machine decompresses the file, and then notifies the computer user that a fax has been received. The receiver may choose to either view the fax in its electronic format or print it.
II. Read the text and define whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Facsimile Transmission allows people to share exact copies of important papers by duplicating and sending them on one end, and then receiving and reproducing them on the other.
2. Facsimile machines came into use 20 years ago.
3. Since the 1990s few people have used personal computers to send and receive facsimile transmissions.
4. Personal computers can imitate the operation of fax machines.
5. To send and receive facsimile transmissions, a computer must be connected to a telephone line and doesn’t need any additional equipment.
lll. Expand the sentences.
1. Facsimile Transmission is a communication system that copies, sends and receives documents by way of … .
2. Also called faxing, this method of communication allows people to share exact copies of important papers by … .
3. Facsimile machines came into use in the early 20th century when … .
4. By the mid-1980s use of desktop facsimile machines had become commonplace for … .
5. Since the 1990s many people have used personal computers to send and receive facsimile transmissions, or faxes, eliminating … .
6. These services provide the ability to receive faxes to anyone who … .
7. Personal computers can imitate … .
8. To send and receive facsimile transmissions, a computer must be equipped with … .
9. The modem converts digital computer files into … .
10. The fax modem of the receiving computer reconverts the analog telephone signal into … .
IV. Now decide which of the following statements express important ideas or supporting details for this reading.
1. a) Faxing allows people to share exact copies of important papers.
b) Faxing duplicates and sends documents on one end, and then on the other.
c) Facsimile Transmission, also called faxing, is a communication system that copies, sends, and receives documents by way of telephone lines.
2. a) Facsimile machines came into use in the early 20th century.
b) Since the 1990s many people have used personal computers to send and receive facsimile transmissions, or faxes.
c) Nowadays Internet fax services provide the ability to send and receive faxes to anyone who has Internet access, eliminating the need for a separate facsimile machine.
3. a) To send and receive facsimile transmissions, a computer must be equipped with faxing software and a fax modem, and it must be connected to a telephone line.
b) The software compresses the file and then send it to the fax modem.
c) The modem converts digital computer files into analog signals so they can travel via telephone lines.
4. a) The fax modem of the receiving computer reconverts the analog telephone signal into a digital computer file.
b) The faxing software on the receiving machine decompresses the file, and then notifies the computer user that a fax has been received.
c) The receiver may choose to either view the fax in its electronic format or print it.
V. Find the words – carriers of the primary and the secondary information in paragraph 1.
VI. Define the function of commas in paragraph 2.
VII Find out the means of connection between clauses, parts of the sentence and sentences.
VIII.Arrange the sentences in the logical order according to the text.
1. Personal computers can imitate the operation of fax machines.
2.Faxing allows people to share exact copies of important papers by duplicating and sending them on one end, and then receiving and reproducing them on the other.
3. The receiver may choose to either view the fax in its electronic format or print it.
4. Computer – based faxing enables people to transmit electronic computer files as faxes to another computer or to a conventional fax machine.
5. Since the 1990s many people have used personal computers to send and receive facsimile transmissions, or faxes, eliminating the need for a separate facsimile machine.
IX. Give the main points of the text in 4-5 sentences.
C. Text Study
I. Translate the text into Russian.
Text C
TALKING VIA SPACE
Communication has come a long way from the time when an Indian beat a drum in the forest to the time when a scientist receives messages from a satellite. In this space age communication has become a highly developed field. The system of communication in large countries is unthinkable today without space satellites. Besides large distances, there is a great time difference: the territories of some countries comprise up to 11 zones. Satellites help to minimize all the difficulties that may appear. They rapidly transmit TV and radio programs to different towns, cities, and distant areas.
Space systems and electronic technology have made it possible to set up an automatic system of communication designed for rapid transmission of all kinds of information.
People write letters and send telegrams. But at the same time people living in various cities like to exchange news on the telephone. Statistics reports that the number of long-distance telephone calls is about 2,000 million per year. A person in Moscow talking on the phone with Vladivostok must know that this conversation is carried on through a satellite.
Trains and cars can use mobile radio telephones to make calls. Businessmen can use teletypewriters to send messages via telephone lines to other teletypewriters in another city which automatically print them as they are received. Even photographs can be sent over telephone wires.
Practically all the population in large countries can watch TV programs via satellites. The orbital communication systems make it possible for people from different continents to see and hear one another.
The importance of space means of communication is increasing every year. The communication satellites of the international organization “INTERSAT” enable people to keep reliable telephone, telegraph and telex communication in any weather with ships practically in every part of the World Ocean.
Grammar Study
Времена группы Perfect
Группа совершённых времён (Perfect Tenses) обозначает, что действие закончилось, завершилось к определённому моменту в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем: I have seen this film (Я (уже) посмотрел этот фильм). He had finished his work by 10 o’clock in the morning (Он завершил работу к 10 часам утра). Ann will have written her article by 3 o’clock. (Анна напишет статью к 3 часам).
В центре внимания – результат действия, а не время его выполнения.
Сказуемое во временах группы Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в настоящем (have, has), прошедшем (had) или будущем (shall have, will have) неопределённом времени и III формы смыслового глагола.
Запомните порядок слов в различных типах предложений во временах группы Perfect, приведённых в таблице. Здесь, как и во временах группы Continuous, при постановке вопроса на первое место ставится первый вспомогательный глагол.
Спряжение глаголов группы Perfect
| Форма | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Perfect |
| Утверди-тельная |  I have (I’ve) written He has (He’s) the letter | I had (I’d) written the letter by 2 o’clock |  I shall (I”ll) have He will (He’ll) written the letter by 2 o’clock |
| Вопроси-тельная |  Have I written the Has he letter? | Had I written the letter by 2 o’clock | Shall I have Will he written the letter by 2 o’clock? |
| Отрица-тельная |  I have written the He has letter  I’ve not written the He’s letter | I had not written the letter by 2 o’clock. I’d not written… |  I shall not have He will written the letter by 2 o’clock  I’ll not have He’ll written… |
Распознавательные элементы группы Perfect:
1. Present Perfect.
Действие совершилось к настоящему моменту. Результат этого действия налицо. Это время широко употребляется в разговорной речи со следующими словами: ever, already, just, lately, yet, since.
2. Past Perfect.
Действие совершилось к определённому моменту в прошлом. Этот момент передаётся обстоятельствами времени: by that time, by 2 o’clock, by the end of the year (month).
Past Perfect употребляется также в тех случаях, когда мы хотим подчеркнуть предшествование одного действия другому: He said that he had left his key at home.
3. Future Perfect.
Действие совершится к или до определённого момента в будущем. Момент может быть указан: by Sunday, by 3 o’clock, by that time. Future Perfect употребляется редко, чаще оно заменяется формой Future Indefinite.
I. Use the verbs to make a form of the present perfect simple.
Model: The ship(not sink)….but it‘s in a dangerous condition.
The ship hasn‘t sunk but it‘s in a dangerous condition.
1. (your sister write) … … to you yet?
2. I (have) … … a headache ever since lunchtime.
3. Nadia (never see) … … any Chinese films.
4. Someone (steal) … … Mr Grant’s.
5. The passengers are tired because they (not sleep) … … all night.
6. I’m afraid we (just break) … … your window. Sorry!
7. David (not, win) … … a prize this time, I’m afraid.
8. (you ever eat) … … Spanish food? It’s great.
II. Put a time word or phrase from the list into each space.
|
Model: Carlos has lived in the city centre since 1996.
1. Thanks for the present! I’ve ……….wanted a pet goldfish!
2. Have you ………..drunk pineapple juice? It’s fantastic!
3. I’ve…………………heard some fantastic news! I’ve passed my exams!
4. Hurry up! Haven’t you finished …………….? You are a slow-coach!
5. Nina has worked in this company ……………five years.
6. I’ve ………….been on a big ship before. It’s an interesting experience!
7. We’re very busy today. ………….we’ve sold over a hundred bikes.
8. I’ve…………..passed this building, but this is the first time I’ve been inside.
9. Can I have a different book? I’ve ……………read this one.
III. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
Model: We started working here three years ago.
We have worked here for ………three years.
a) This is the first time I’ve been on a plane.
I …………………………………….. before.
b) That’s strange! My pen isn’t here!
That’s strange! …………………………………. disappeared!
c) Nicky and Jan aren’t at this school any more.
Nicky and Jan ………………………………….. this school.
d) I saw a friend of yours a few moments ago.
I ………………………………. a friend of yours.
e) I’m still writing my letters.
I ……………………………….. my letters yet.
f) Is this your first visit to South America?
Have …………………………… before?
g) Oh bother! My wallet is still in the car.
Oh bother! I ……………………………….. my wallet in the car.
h) It’s a long time since we spoke to your sister.
We ……………………………………. to your sister for a long time.
i) Is Anna still asleep?
Has …………………………………… up yet?
IV. Choose the correct word or phrase underlined in each sentence.
Model: While I had waited/was waiting/waited at the bus-stop, I had noticed/was noticing/noticed a new shop which wasn’t/had not been in the street the day before.
1. I had gone/went out into to the garden to fetch my bike, but found/was finding that someone stole/had stolen it.
2. When George met/was meeting Diane for the first time, he knew/wasknowing that he met/had met/was meeting her somewhere before.
3. Helen got off/was getting off the bus, and walked/was walking into the bank when she realized/had realized/was realizing that she left/had left/was leaving her handbag on the bus.
V. Put each verb given into past simple, past continuous or past perfect. More than one answer may be possible. The first answer (a) is given for you.
The police suspected that Brian (a) had broken (break) the window at his house because he (b) ……………… (want) to make them think that a burglar (c) ……………… (steal) his valuable stamp collection. They (d) ……………… (think) that Brian (e) ……………… (do) this because he (f) ……………… (need) the money. However, they (g) ……………… (not know) that Brian (h) ……………… (fly) to Brazil the week before, and (i) ………………( be) abroad when the burglary (j) ……………… (take place).
VI. Complete each part sentence “a” to“ g” with one of the part sentences 1 to 8. More than one answer may be possible.
Model: As soon as I hear from Helen, 6.
a) By the time Mary arrives …..
b) Please take a seat …..
c) This time next week …..
d) Next time you see me …..
e) We’ll have time to have some lunch …..
f) In a few moments …...
g) There won’t be any more lessons …..
1) until the dentist is ready.
2) the match will be over.
3) I’ll have had my haircut and you won’t recognize me.
4) It will have stopped raining.
5) Before the train leaves.
6) I’ll ask her to phone you.
7) Until the teachers’ strike is over.
8) We’ll be enjoying ourselves on holiday.
Времена группы Perfect Continuous
Глаголы этой группы выражают действия, которые: а) начались раньше указанного момента в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем и продолжают совершаться после этого момента; б) совершались некоторый отрезок времени до определенного момента.
Времена группы Perfect Continuous (совершённые длительные) образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect) и четвертой формы смыслового глагола.
Спряжение глаголов группы Perfect Continuous
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous |
| Утвердительная форма | ||
 I have beenwriting He has the letter for an hour. Я пишу письмо (уже) час. (Он пишет …) | I had beenwritingthe letter for an hour when he came. Я писал письмо (уже) час, когда он пришел. |  I shall have been He willwriting the letter for an hour when he comes. Я буду писать письмо (уже) час, когда он придет. (Он будет писать …) |
| Вопросительная форма | ||
 Have Ibeenwriting Has he the letter for an hour? | Had I beenwritingthe letter for an hour when he came? |  Shall Ihave been Will hewriting the letter for an hour when he comes? |
| Отрицательная форма | ||
 I have not been He has writing the letter for an hour. (I haven’t …, He hasn’t …) | I had not beenwritingthe letter for an hour when he came. (I hadn’t …) |  I shall not have been He willwriting the letter for an hour when he comes. (I shan’t …, He won’t …) |
Распознавательные элементы группы Perfect continuous: