Вопросительные и отрицательные предложения

Прочтите следующие грамматические правила и примеры к ним, которые Вам напомнят о построении вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях в английском языке. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Общие вопросы (General questions).

A) Сказуемое ставится перед подлежащим в начале предложения, если оно выражено глаголами to have got, to be в Present Indefinite или Past Indefinite:

Have you got a dictionary? / Are you busy now?

B) Перед подлежащим ставится вспомогательный или модальный глагол, если этот глагол входит в состав сказуемого:

Did you have a talk with our dean yesterday?

Have you seen the «Swan Lake»?

Can you give me anything to read?

Если в составе сказуемого имеются два или три вспомогательных глагола, то перед подлежащим ставится первый вспомогательный глагол?

Has she been working here for 5 years?

C) Если сказуемое выражено глаголом в Present Indefinite или в Past Indefinite (кроме глаголов to have got или to be), то перед подлежащим ставится вспомогательный глагол do (does) или did, а смысловой глагол занимает место после подлежащего:

Do you study English?

Did you see him yesterday?

Специальные вопросы (Special questions).

Cпециальные вопросы – это такие вопросы, которые ставятся к какому-либо члену предложения и начинаются с вопросительного слова, указывающего, к какому члену предложения относится вопрос. К вопросительным словам относятся:

What? Who? Whom? Whose? Which? Where? Where from? When? Why? What for? How? How much? How many? How long?

Вопрос к сказуемому: He studies at the University – What does he do?

Вопрос к именной части сказуемого: What is she? What are physical properties of matter?

Вопрос к прямому дополнению? What does she study?

Вопрос к предложному дополнению? Who(m) did you give the book to?

Вопрос к определению дополнения, What books do you like?

How many subjects do you study at the University?

Вопросы к обстоятельствам: Where do you work?

Where has David gone? (not Where has gone David?)

Вопросы к подлежащему? Who invented radio?

Альтернативные вопросы (Alternative Questions).

Do you work or (do you) study? I study.

Расчлененные вопросы (Tag questions).

You like to skate, don`t you?

You can do it, can`t you?

You have worked here a long time, haven`t you?

I didn`t say that, did I?

Отрицательные предложения.

Отрицательная форма глагола образуется при помощи частицы not, которая входит в состав сказуемого:

I drink coffee but I don`t drink tea.

Sue drinks tea but she doesn`t drink coffee.

I didn`t watch television yesterday.

Have you been to France? No, I haven`t. !!!No, never.

Обратите внимание: nobody, no one, none, nothing, nowhere, neither not – в русском два отрицания, а в английском одно!

I can`t tell what the matter is; nobody tells me anything.

Прочтите текст.

London

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. London is one of the most beautiful and fascinating cities in the world. London is commercial, financial, political, industrial and cultural center of the country. It is also one of the world`s important ports and one of the largest cities in the world.

London was a small Roman town but in the 11 ^th century it became the capital of England. The medieval (cредневековый) London was an important trading center. In the 19 ^th century new forms of transport such as cars and trains appeared in London. Nowadays is it one of the largest cities in the world. It is divided into four main parts: Westminster, the City, the West End and the East End. Westminster is the political centre of the city. The City is a business centre because there are a lot of banks and offices there. The majority of people work in this part of London. The West End abounds (изобиловать) in shops, hotels, restaurants, clubs, parks and theatres which attract customers and tourist from different countries. The East End is an industrial district of the city. Many parts of London are changing. Some of the poor areas become fashionable and people move into them.

There are a lot of famous sights in London such as the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Big Ben (one of the most famous clocks in the world), the Houses of the Parliament, the Trafalgar Square, St. Paul`s Cathedral. The Buckingham palace is the official residence of the Royal family. There are many galleries and museums in London. The national gallery contains the richest art collection of different schools and periods. It is famous for the works of Rembrandt and Rubens. The Tate Gallery is a national gallery of modern art. It includes paintings of many countries. The British museum consists of the national museum of archeology and ethnography. It is famous of its priceless collection of ancient art. It comprises artifacts from different countries.

London has many parks and gardens. The most famous and beautiful ones are the Regents Park (with the Zoo), the St. James Park and the Hyde Park. There are a lot of theatres, concert halls, cinemas, pubs, restaurants, and nightclubs in London. There are two opera houses in the West End. The main theatres and cinemas are concentrated here. They are open till late at night. London becomes very beautiful when people hold festivals there.

Упр.1. Ответьте, пожалуйста, на вопросы по тексту «London»:

What can you tell about the history of London?

What are the most famous sights of London?

What parks of London do you know?

Упр. 2. Ответьте, пожалуйста, на вопросы по теме «Город»:

1. Do you like St. Petersburg?

2. When was St. Petersburg founded?

3. What places of interest in St. Petersburg can you name?

4. What is the main street in St. Petersburg?

5. What magnificent palaces and park complexes in St. Petersburg and its suburbs do you know?

6. Have you ever been to Pavlovsk?

7. Is St. Petersburg an exciting place for every tourist?

Занятие 5 “Writing e-mails”