Actual Division of the Sentence

1. Semantic roles.

2. Actual division of the sentence. The notion of theme and rheme.

3. Language means of expressing the theme. Topicalization.

4. Language means of expressing the rheme.

Practice Assignment

I. Analyze the semantic structure of the following sentences defining the semantic roles of the underlined elements:

1. The attacker aimed his gun again.

2. She handed him the baggage checks.

3. Almost immediately, a heavy fist pounded on Langdon’s door.

4. The book lay on her lap.

5. He had been hugged by a complete stranger.

6. The witness reached in his pocket and produced a folded document.

7. Horace shook his head.

8. He was indefatigable.

9. He opened the door.

10. He soaks his face with water and shaves his beard.

11. She shrugged her shoulders.

II. Analyze the actual division of the sentences and the language means used to mark it:

1. All her life they had been watching her.

2. The girl with dark hair was sitting immediately behind.

3. It was Mrs. Eccles I particularly wanted to see.

4. There is a form to fill in. The form is placed before them, and a pen.

5. No, he had never written about Paris. Not the Paris he cared about.

6. The situation must be faced.

7. How simple it all was!

8. And again, perhaps it was not even unorthodoxy that was written in his face, but simply intelligence.

9. Sunday was a holiday for Dad, not for Mum.

10. There was a sofa, a piano covered in a grey sheet, the head of a stuffed bear and high walls of books.

Seminar 16, 17

The Composite Sentence

1. The composite sentence vs. the simple sentence.

2. The compound sentence.

3. Coordination. Types of coordinating connectors.

4. The complex sentence.

5. Subordination. Types of subordinating connectors.

6. Asyndetic sentences.

7. Semi-composite sentences.

8. Mixed types of composite sentences.

Practice Assignment

I. State the type of connectors in the following compound sentences:

1. The cognac tasted salty, but Rémy didn’t care.

2. You’ve got to come, or else I’ll pull your hair.

3. The rain was getting heavier now, and he tucked the cryptex deep in his right-hand pocket to protect it from the dampness.

4. And, as a matter of fact, it wasn’t technically called a monastery, but only a seminary; nevertheless it shall be a monastery here despite its Victorian architecture or its Edward VII additions, or even its Woodrow Wilsonian, patented, last-a-century roofing.

5. The stuff was like nitric acid, and moreover, in swallowing it one had the sensation of being hit on the back of the head with a rubber club.

6. You keep your hands off my wife, or I’ll bust your pretty little nose.

7. He knew himself to be old, yet he felt young; and this troubled him.

8. And this is reasonable, for upon the accuracy of his estimates the whole policy of his life is ordered.

9. We were locked together this way for maybe a couple of seconds; then the sound of the mill jumped a hitch, and something commenced to draw her back away from me.

10. It was Saturday, so they were early home from school: quick, shy, dark little rascals of seven and six, soon talkative, for Ashurst had a way with children.

II. Comment on the relations between clauses in the following asyndetic sentences:

1. He did not leave town; Irene refused to go away.

2. Teacher had heard the poem, he had known the answer.

3. The Teacher recalled a small announcement sign he had seen on his way into the abbey. 4. We had half imagined George was dead.

5. She shivered slightly: they were like dead men.

6. He still hoped she might once more become a comfort to himself.

7. You needn’t worry, I shall be careful all right.

8. She had asked Phil to dinner many times; his invariable answer had been “Too busy”.

9. It was the piece of evidence they had all unconsciously been waiting for.

III. State the type of subordinate clauses in the following complex sentences:

1. On sunny afternoons, Londoners picnic beneath the willows and feed the pond’s resident pelicans, whose ancestors were a gift to Charles II from the Russian ambassador.

2. Since he had neglected to do it on first coming to the estate, their quitting his house might be looked on as the most suitable period for its accomplishment.

3. As the Teacher approached the front passenger door of the parked limousine, Rémy leaned across and opened the door.

4. Even if she hated him, he at all events ought not to put himself in the wrong by neglecting this ancient rite.

5. What she thought of her brother’s guests I can only imagine.

6. The grey light clung about the trees of the square, as though Night, like a great downy moth, had brushed them with her wings.

7. Though he had not seen the architect since the last afternoon at Robin Hill, he was never free from the sense of his presence—never free from the memory of his worn face with its high cheek bones and enthusiastic eyes.

8. But he put his knee over my ankles, so that I couldn’t move.

9. He was looking at his wife’s face when he came to this conclusion.

10. The boy didn’t dare look at his father lest he should scold and punish him.

Вопросы к зачету

1. Грамматическая система языка.

2. Морфологическая система языка.

3. Классификации морфем.

4. Проблема определения слова.

5. Грамматическое значение и его типы.

6. Грамматическая категория и способ ее выявления.

7. Проблема классификации частей речи.

8. Структура частей речи.