British and Russian Cuisine
Visitors to Britain generally agree about one thing–British cooking. “It’s terrible!” they say. You can cook vegetables in so many interesting ways. But the British cook vegetables for too long, so they lose their taste. 
These visitors eat in the wrong places. The best British cooking is in good 
restaurants and hotels, or at home.
British tastes have changed a lot over the past twenty years. In 1988 the national average for each person was 352 grams of “red” meat each week, but now it’s less than 259 grams. People prefer chicken and fresh fish. And more people are interested in healthy eating these days. In 1988 the national average was 905 grams of fruit and fruit juices each week, but now it’s nearly 2,000 grams.
The British have a “sweet tooth”. They love cakes, chocolates and sweets.
Today many people want food to be quick and easy. When both parents are working, they cannot cook large meals in the evenings. “Ready-made” meals from supermarkets and Marks and Spencer and “take-away” meals from fast food restaurants are very popular. If you are feeling tired or lazy, you can even phone a local restaurant. They will bring the food to your house.
Twenty years ago, British people usually ate at home. They only went out for a meal at special times, like for somebody’s birthday. But today, many people eat out at least once a week.
In the past, traditional steakhouses were very popular places, but now many people prefer foreign food. Every British town has Indian and Chinese restaurants and large towns have restaurants from many other countries too.
Pubs are also very popular. There are over 60,000 pubs in the UK (53,200 in England and Wales, 5,200 in Scotland and 1,600 in Northern Ireland). British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. Mote than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.
Russian cooking is rather simple, leisurely, relaxed affair. The special peculiarity of traditional Russian cuisine is mainly in the freshness of the ingredients, simplicity of cooking methods and restraint with almost the only spices found in a typical Russian kitchen. Living in Russia one cannot butstick to a Russian diet.Keeping this diet for an Englishman is fatal. The Russianshave meals four times a day and theircuisine is quite intricate.
Every person starts his or her day withbreakfast. Poor Englishmen are sentenced to either acontinentalor anEnglish breakfast.From the Russian point of view, when one has it continental it actually means that one has no breakfast at all, because it means drinking a cup of coffee andeating a bun. A month of continental breakfasts for some Russians would meanstarving. The English breakfast is a bit better, as it consists of one or twofried eggs,grilled sausages, bacon,tomatoes andmushrooms. The Englishhave tea with milk andtoast with butter and marmalade. As a choice one may havecorn flakes with milkand sugar or porridge.
In Russia people mayhave anythingfor breakfast. Some good-humoured individuals even prefer soup, but, of course,sandwiches andcoffee are very popular. One can easily understand that in Great Britain by one o'clock people are very muchready for lunch. Lunch is the biggest meal of the day. That would be music for a Russian's ears until he or she learns what lunch really consists of. It may be a meat orfish course withsoft drinks followed by asweet course.
The heart of a Russian person fills with joy when the hands of the clock approach three o'clock. His or her dinnerincludes three courses. A Russian will have a starter (salad, herring, cheese, etc.), soup, steaks, chops,orfish fillets withgarnish, a lot ofbread, of course, andsomething to drink. The more the better. At four or five the Russians mayhave a bite: waffles, cakes withjuice,tea, cocoa,or something of the kind.
In Great Britain theyhave dinner at five or six.Soup may be served then, but one should not be misled by the word "soup". British soup is justthin paste and a portion is three times smaller than in Russia. A lot of British prefer to eat out."Fish and Chips" shops are very popular with theirtake-away food. The more sophisticated publicgoes to Chinese, Italian, seafood or other restaurants and experiments withshrimp, inedible vegetables and hot drinks.
Supper in Russia means one more big meal at seven.The table groans with food again. In England it is just asmall snack–a glass of milk with biscuits at ten.
Most Russians have nevercounted calories and they are deeply convinced that their food ishealthy. Some housewives may admit that it takes some time to prepare all the stuff, includingpickles, home-made preserves and traditional Russianpies andpancakes. Theyboil, fry, roast,grill, broil, bake and make.
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Reading comprehension
I. In the text find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations. Explain the following words in English. Use English-English dictionary if necessary. Make up your own sentences with these words.
потерять вкус, быть сладкоежкой, особенность русской кухни, здоровое питание, полуфабрикаты, специи, ограничение, быть ужасно голодным, стрелки часов, придерживаться диеты, закуска, гарнир, перекусить, считать калории, вафли, блины.
II. Find the appropriate translation to the following words:
1. ограниченный, скудный
| a) limited | b) restrained | c) bounded |
2. соблюдать диету
| a) be dieting | b) to watch one’s diet | c) to keep to a diet |
3. легкий утренний завтрак
| a) light breakfast | b) continental breakfast | c) European breakfast |
4. сложный, замысловатый
| a) intricate | b) difficult | c) complicated |
5.булочка
| a) cake | b) bun | c) loaf of bread |
6.ужасно голодный
| a) be hungry | b) lack of food | c) starving |
III. Complete the table using the text:
| British | Russian | |
| time breakfast lunch dinner supper | ||
| typical dishes | ||
| popular drinks | ||
| popular dishes | ||
| places to eat |
It is interesting to know…
Some British and American people like to invite friends and colleagues for a meal at home. But don’t be upset if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean that they don’t like you!
Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 pm and end at about 11. Ask your host what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine to your hostess.
Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks (ask for a soft drink if you don’t like alcohol.) Do you want to be extra polite? Say how much you like the house, the pictures, or your hostess’s dress. But remember-it’s not polite to ask how much things cost.
Dinner will usually start at about 8 or 9 o’clock. In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end. They eat with their guests.
You’ll probably start the meal with soup, or something small as a “starter”, then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then a dessert (sometimes called a “sweet” or a “pudding”), followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it. Some people eat bread with the meat, but not everyone does.
Most people ask “Do you mind if I smoke?” before they take out their cigarettes after the meal.
Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hostess the next day or write her a short “thank you” letter.
Perhaps it seems funny for you, but British and American people say “thank you”, “thank you” all the time!
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Listening