Переведите на английский язык, используя текст в качестве опоры

Тексты для чтения для студентов 2 курса заочного отделения

По дисциплине «Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции»

Text 1.

Scotland Yard

Scotland Yard is located south of St. James’s Park in Westminster. The original headquarters of Scotland Yard were in Whitehall (the street in London where many of the government departments are).

Scotland Yard was so named because it was part of a medieval palace (Whitehall Palace) that had housed Scottish royalty when the latter were in London on visits.

The London police force was created in 1829 by an act introduced in Parliament by the home secretary, Sir Robert Peel (hence the nick-names “bobbis” and “peelers” for policemen). The Metropolitan Police’s duties are the detection and prevention of crime, the preservation of public order, the supervision of road traffic, and the licensing of public vehicles. The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the commissioner, who is appointed by the crown on the recommendation of the home secretary. Beneath the commissioner are various assistant, commissioners overseeing such operations as administration, traffic and transport, criminal investigation and police recruitment and training.

Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1878. The CID initially was a small force of plain-clothed detectives who gathered information on criminal activities. Criminal Investigation Department deals with all aspects of criminal investigation and includes the fingerprint and photography sections, the Fraud Squad (the department in the British police force that examines fraud in business), the Flying Squad (a special group of police officers in Britain whose job is to travel quickly to the place where has been a serious crime), the metropolitan police laboratory, and the detective-training school.

Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom. It also has a special branch of police who guard visiting dignitaries, royalty, and statesmen. Finally, Scotland Yard is responsible for maintaining links between British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol.

Notes:

Scotland Yard – традиционное название Столичной полиции

(London Metropolitan Police);

metropolitan – столичный;

headquarters – штаб-квартира;

house – приютить; разместить;

peeler – специальный нож для чистки овощей и фруктов

detection – расследование;

commissioner – комиссар;

oversee – надзирать;

criminal investigation – уголовное расследование;

fraud – мошенничество;

squad – взвод, отряд;

file – картотека

Ответьте на вопросы:

1) When was Scotland Yard created? 2) Where is it located? 3) What are the nicknames for policemen in Britain? 4) What are the main duties of the Metropolitan Police? 5) When did Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department? 6) What does it deal with? 7) What is Scotland Yard responsible for?

Переведите на английский язык, используя текст в качестве опоры.

Штаб-квартира; министерство; общественные отношения; полицейские силы; предотвращение преступлений; общественный порядок; надзор; дорожное движение; законопроект; министр внутренних дел; прозвище; столичная полиция; расследование преступления; выдача водительских прав; рекомендация; серьезное преступление; картотека; собирать информацию; преступная деятельность.

Text 2.

Prisons

The idea of imprisonment as a form of punishment is relatively modern. Until the late 18th century, prisons were used primarily for the confinement of debtors who could not pay, of accused persons waiting to be tried, and of those convicted persons waiting for their sentences death or transportation. Since the late 18th century, with the decline of capital punishment (death penalty), the prison has come to be used also as a place of punishment. With the abolition of transportation, the prison has become the principal sanction for most serious crimes.

Concern over prison conditions has not diminished over the years. Problems of security and the protection of prisoners from violence on the part of other prisoners have been compounded by the difficulties arising from overcrowding, as prison populations in most countries continue to grow. The people who make up the populations of most prison systems have many characteristics in common. The populations of most prison systems are predominantly male – in England males outnumber females by 28 to 1 (although the number of women in prison is rising at

a higher rate than the number of men) – and relatively young – nearly 70 percent of those in custody are under the age of 30. [To be in custody means to be kept in prison by the police until you go to court, because the police think you are guilty].

Most offenders in prison have a number of previous convictions; the offenses they have committed are most commonly burglary, theft, violence, or robbery. A similar picture is revealed by U.S. statistics; the most common offences for which prisoners are in custody are burglary and robbery. [Burglary is the crime of getting into a building to steal things. Violence is behaviour that is intended to hurt other people physically. Robbery is the crime of stealing things from a bank, shop etc, especially using violence].

Notes:

imprisonment – тюремное заключение;

primarily – главным образом;

confinement – лишение свободы, заключение под стражу;

convicted person – осужденный;

transportation – транспортация (ссылать за моря как вид уголовного наказания);

abolition – отмена;

concern – забота, беспокойство;

predominantly – преимущественно

violence – жестокость, насилие

Ответьте на вопросы:

1) What were the prisons used for until the late 18th century? 2) Why has the prison come to be used as a place of punishment? 3) When has the prison become the principal sanction for most serious crimes? 4) What problems have come into being as prison population in most countries continue to grow? 5) What can you say about the population of most prison systems? 6) What offenses are said to be the most common for which prisoners are in custody? 7) What is the difference between burglary and robbery?

Переведите на английский язык, используя текст в качестве опоры.

Тюремное заключение; тюремный надзиратель; содержащийся под стражей; лишение свободы; осужденный; обвиняемый; камера одиночного заключения; приговор; должник; судимость; ночная кража со взломом; грабеж с насилием или разбой; санкция; население; узник совести; правонарушители; безопасность; защита; насилие; виновный; общая камера.

Text 3.