Electronic Data Interchange. International Networks

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

invoice

purchase order

electronic fund transfer

electronic data interchange

to change hands

II. Выпишите из четвертого абзаца именные группы и переведите их.

III. Назовите интернациональные слова, встречающиеся в третьем и четвертом абзацах текста.

IV. Выпишите из второго и четвертого абзацев все инфинитивы, определите их функции. Переведите письменно предложения с этими инфинитивами.

V. Следующее предложение сначала проанализируйте, а затем, используя обычный англо-русский словарь, подберите правильное значение для слова "though". Переведите письменно предложение на русский язык:

Connecting with a computer outside your own country's borders, though, has potential for difficulties.

VI. Выпишите из третьего абзаца сказуемые в страдательном залоге и переведите их вместе с подлежащими.

VII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемое в страдательном залоге:

1. Programs, or lists of instructions are written in the code that the computer has been manufactured to understand.

2. The terms "coding" and "programming" are often used as synonyms.

3. Each stage in a program preparation is followed by a careful check.

4. Each problem must be clearly defined before the programming function can be performed.

5. Any information may be represented by the binary system including only two digits: one (1) and zero (o).

VIII. Выпишите из третьего и четвертого абзацев все союзы и союзные слова, присоединяющие придаточные предложения к главным, и переведите их.

IX. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Четвертый абзац переведите письменно.

1. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a procedure by which companies can exchange standard documents such as invoices or purchase orders. If two companies have compatible systems, they can establish a connection through which company A sends a purchase order to company B by means of EDI — computer to computer. When company B ships the product, company B sends an invoice by EDI to company A. Company A can then pay by electronic funds transfer through its bank. The entire operation occurs without any paper changing hands.

2. If two companies do not have compatible systems, they can use an intermediary EDI company to change the code so that the two companies can communicate. Very large manufacturing companies often require as a condition of purchase that their suppliers have EDI systems compatible with the company's system. The buyer can order parts to be delivered just in time to be used. This capability enables the buyer to shorten the length of time between buying the parts and selling the finished product and receiving payment. Thus, using EDI can reduce a company's costs.

International Networks

3. WANs can be worldwide. Connecting with a computer outside your own country's borders, though, has potential for difficulties. Although standards for protocols have been established, there are no international standards for tariffs. When you communicate across national borders, the tariffs are determined by all the countries that provide services to you.

4. Virtually all countries have recognized that to be part of the world economy, they must be part of the world communications system. Therefore, companies, either native to the country or invited foreigners, are establishing systems for data communications. In many situations, the communications systems are being built before the roads and other infrastructures in the country.

X. Составьте аннотацию текста.

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