History and information about computers

До практичних занять

з дисципліни Іноземна мова (англійська)

для студентів 2-3 курсу

напрям підготовки 6.050102 Комп’ютерна інженерія

галузm знань 0501 Інформатика та обчислювальна техніка

факультету кібернетики

Херсон – 2011

Методичні рекомендації до практичних занять з дисципліни іноземна мова (англійська) для студентів напряму підготовки 6.050102, галузі знань 0501, факультету кібернетики.

Укладач : викл. Волошина Т. П. сторінок 104.

Рецензент: доц. Фоменко Н.С.

Затверджено

на засіданні кафедри іноземних мов

протокол № ___ від _________

Зав. кафедри доц.Фоменко Н.С.

Відповідальний за випуск Н.С.Фоменко к.філол.н., доц., завідувач кафедри іноземних мов

Unit 1

The history of computers

I. Language

Ex. 1 Remember the following words and word combinations

device — прилад

intelligence — розум

to refer to as — називати

hardware — обладнання

procedures — процедури, операції

manner — манера, спосіб

various — різноманітні

to connect — поєднувати

microwave — мікрохвильова

transmission — передача

instruction — команда

to create — створювати

to respond — відповідати

characters — символи

data — данні

raw — необроблений, сирий

to refine — очищувати

decision — рішення

to convert — перевтілювати

digital computer – цифровий комп’ютер

to increase in speed and power – збільшувати в розмірі та силі

entertainment – розвага

to hold – тримати

to distinguish – відрізняти

medium - середовище

flexible- гнучкий

desktop machine – настільний комп’ютер

capacity - потенціал

to execute- виконувати

string - ряд

to request- вимагати

retrieve – витягувати

visionary thinking – далекоглядне мислення

Ex. 2 Give English equivalents

Очищення, перевтілювати, данні, обробляти, команда, програмне забезпечення, компанія, данні, символи, прилад, поєднувати.

Ex. 3. Put these words according to the alphabet and translate them:

Arrival, role, internet, fixed disk, flexible, bytes, hard disk, file, application, value, research, field.

Ex.4. Find the meaning of the words turn and obtain in the dictionary and translate the sentences:

1. He turned his head when I called him.

2. She turned pale.

3. Left-handed screw should be turned counterclockwise.

4. Whose turn is it to read?

5. Lead of the thread is the distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn.

6. They have obtained interesting results.

7. The results obtained showed that there was a mistake.

8. Having obtained interesting results, they continued the experiments.

ІІ. Reading

Ex.5. Read and translate the text A:

History and information about computers

The first electronic digital computer called «ENIAC» was built in 1945 in Philadelphia. It used so much electricity that lights in the near­by town dimmed every time it was used! What a long way we have made in a half-century, with personal computers in our houses, offi­ces, and schoolrooms across the world.

After the arrival of the microprocessor, many different computer companies appeared and began developing their own microproces­sors and microcomputers. Companies such as Apple, Compaq, and Commodore started during this period of confusion. At the conclu­sion of the timeline is the first home personal computer or PC, by IBM in 1981.

Computers began to steadily and rapidly increase in speed and power while becoming more compact and more user friendly from the early 1980's. The progress, however came in many small steps, rather than fewer major events like earlier years.

From the start of the decade to today, PCs have become immense­ly popular.

Computers have increased their role from professional and busi­ness machines to entertainment and educational tools. Telecommu­nications advancements such as the Internet have shown themselves to be useful both in education and business.

Hard disks or Computer hardware were invented in the 1950s. They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding just a few megabytes.

They were originally called «fixed disks» or «Winchesters» (a code name used for a popular IBM product). They later became known as «hard disks» to distinguish them from «floppy disks.»

Hard disks have a hard platter that holds the magnetic medium, as opposed to the flexible plastic film found in tapes and floppies. At the simplest level, a hard disk is not that different from a cassette tape. Both hard disks and cassette tapes use the same magnetic recording techniques.

A typical desktop machine will have a hard disk with a capacity of between 10 and 40 gigabytes. Data is stored onto the disk in the form of files. A file is simply a named collection of bytes. The bytes might be the ASCII codes for the characters of a text file, or they could be the instructions of a software application for the computer to exe­cute, or they could be the records of a data base, or they could be the pixel colors for a GIF image.

No matter what it contains, however, a file is simply a string of bytes. When a program running on the computer requests a file, the hard disk retrieves its bytes and sends them to the CPU one at a time.

The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing compu­ters to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields.

ІІІ. Language

Ex. 6 Find in the text derivatives of the following words containing suffixes: - al, -ment, -ent. State to what part of speech each word belongs, translate them into Russian. Use the table on page 102-104.

Person, to arrive, profession, to entertain, education, advance, to develop, to differ.

Ex.7. Match word and word combinations in column A with those in column B:

A 1. hardware 2. event 3. data 4. to execute 5. microprocessor 6. development 7. advancement 8. hard disk 9. decade 10. to distinguish

B a.подія b. виконувати c. мікропроцесор d.обладнання e.розвиток f.успіхи g. дані h.десятиліття i.жорсткий диск j. відрізняти