Предложный инфинитивный оборот
“for + существительное (местоимение) + инфинитив” (for-phrase)
выполняет роль любого члена предложения: дополнения, части сказуемого
(в научной литературе чаще всего функции обстоятельства цели или следствия)
и переводится в зависимости от выполняемой им функции. Может переводиться придаточным предложением, вводимым союзами что, чтобы, для того чтобы, который, подлежащим которого становится существительное или местоимение, стоящее перед инфинитивом, а сказуемым – инфинитив.
The only conclusion for him to make was the following. – Единственный вывод, к которому он мог прийти, заключался в следующем.
Возможен перевод этого оборота существительным или инфинитивом:
It was important for us to solve this problem as soon as possible. – Нам было важно решить эту проблему как можно скорее.
Упражнение 8. Переведите инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for.
1. It is important for the researchers to fulfil their work in time. 2. It takes more time for the reaction to complete at low tº. 3. It is impossible for the driver to stop the at such a high speed quickly. 4. The problem I spoke to you about is too difficult for the designers to be solved in a year or so. 5. Here is one more important point for the speaker to explain. 6. These stars are too remote for the astronomer to answer these questions. 7. He proved that it was possible for the angle to be altered. 8. It is possible for computers to handle all types of information. 9. For a computer to be programmed each problem must be reduced to a series of very simple steps. 10. Two hours were sufficient for the reaction to occur. 11. The language of specialists is often difficult for the layman to read. 12. There is a tendency for the method to be used in all the experiments. 13. It took a long time for mathematicians to realize that not all continuous functions have a derivative. 14. A computer is a suitable machine for them to use in their research work. 15. All the instruments for that computer to work properly have been given.
Упражнение 9. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив.
1. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. 2. Computer is used to convert data into information. 3. It is a very hard undertaking to seek to please everybody. 4. To construct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible. 5. We attempted to carry out this investigation. 6.Robots can be used here as these tools are too heavy to handle. 7. Nowadays robots continue to expand their applications. 8. Spray painting is the manipulation of a spray-painting gun over the surface of the object to be coated. 9. The system must tell us if someone tries to get into the system.. 10. To perform this work one must have all the necessary equipment. 11. It is too urgent a matter to be postponed. 12. Thomas was the first to focus attention on this type of reaction. 13. Some molecules are large enough to be seen on the electron microscope. 14. In order to demonstrate the effect Table I is given. 15. The important thing is to understand what you are doing, rather than to get the right answer.
Упражнение 10. Переведите предложения, определяя функцию инфинитива.
1. Four terminals are used by keyboard operators to input information, and the others are used to provide information to senior staff. 2. I need to know more about control of access. 3. In order to avoid accidental or intentional loss of data, only specially authorized personnel may delete data files. 4. The operations are efficient enough to have little effect on the speed of the simulation. 5. Also, the programs to be verified will have to be well-constructed, to make the job easier. 6. This correspondence dealt with books published or to be published. 7. The Nary was too new, too small and not experienced enough to resist the enemy’s. 8. A small computer company announced a computer small enough to set on a desktop and powerful enough to support high level language programming. 9. Care should be taken not to view these three methodologies as competitive ones. 10. He felt that the only thing to do was to study their methods and ideas. 11. For him, however, obstacles existed only to be overcome. 12. The system must allow managers to call up data relevant to their needs. 13. I would like to find out what your company requires in terms of protection for your computer system. 14. And to conclude, he is to be highly imaginative too.
15. To solve the problem would justify all the costs.
Упражнение 11. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на порядок перевода слов в сложном подлежащем (Cубъектный инфинитивный оборот).
1. Many substances are known to dissolve in hot water. 2. Air was considered by the ancients to be an element. 3. Pop-stars are thought to live a happy luxurious life.
It is too bad he appeared to be a fair-weather friend. 4. Microphone and video camera are known to be used to input data into the computer. 5. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase because of the high cost of manual labour. 6.Assembly machines are considered to be examples of fixed automation. 7. The real situation is stated to be very complex. 8. The fact happened to become known to everybody. 9. These two methods turned out to be incompatible in effectiveness.
10. The conditions seem to have been poorly chosen. 11. Hardly any aspect of economic life is likely to be unaffected by automation. 12. Benjamin Franklin is acknowledged to be the founder of the theory of atmospheric electricity. 13. He is recognized to have been a great public figure who did as much as he could for the good of his country. 14. Unfortunately this approach is unlikely to be successful. 15. The device known to be built by Charles Babbage is now considered to be the parent of modern computers.
Упражнение 12. Переведите предложения, содержащие сложное дополнение (Объектный инфинитивный оборот):
1. He wished the matters to be taken seriously. 2. It causes the monitor to indicate computer failure. 3. It is usually rather difficult to get nitrogen to combine with other elements. 4. You may lead a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink. 5.Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another. 6. Did you hear him go out? 7. The way the situation developed made the government change their tactics. 8. This program will enable scientists to perform remote geological experiments. 9. He expected everyone else to do all the work.
10. Experience shows this strategy to have produced better results than more traditional algorithms. 11. We know metal to conduct electricity. 12. For 2200 years all the mankind believed Euclid to have discovered an absolute truth. 13. The whole world knows Lobachevsky to have strictly demonstrated and explained the principles of the theory of parallel lines. 14. We know many Byelorussians to have taken part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. 15. Optical recognition systems enable the computer to “read” data by scanning printed text for recognizable patterns.
ПРИЧАСТИЕ (THE PARTICIPLE)
Причастие является неличной формой глагола и обладает признаками как прилагательного (иногда наречия), так и глагола. В английском языке имеются следующие формы причастия:
| Participle I | Participle II | Perfect Participle | |
| Active | writing asking | having written having asked | |
| Passive | Being written being asked | written asked | having been written having been asked |
Participle I указывает на то, что действие, выраженное им, совершается одновременно с действием, выраженным глагом-сказуемым: reading – читающий, читая.
Действие, выраженное Participle II, всегда носит страдательный характер, т.е. направлено на предмет или лицо, с которым связана эта форма: written- написанный.
Perfect Participle указывает на законченность действия по отношению к основному действию в предложении, выраженному сказуемым: having written – написав; having asked – спросив.
Participle I и Perfect Participle в страдательном залоге указывают на то, что действие, выраженное причастием, направлено на лицо или предмет с ним связанный: being written – будучи написанным; having been written будучи (уже) написанным.