Основные типы вопросов, используемые в английском языке

1. Общий вопрос

Общий вопрос относится ко всему предложению в целом, и ответом на него будут слова yes илипо:

Do you like ice-cream? — Yes, I do.

Can you speak English? — Yes, I can.

Are you a schoolboy? — No, I am not.

Have you bought a text book? — Yes, I have.

Порядок слов в общем вопросе

1) вспомогательный глагол (модальный, глагол-связка),

2) подлежащее (существительное или местоимение),

3) смысловой глагол (или дополнение).

2. Специальный вопрос

Специальный вопрос относится к какому-нибудь члену предложения или их группе и требует конкретного ответа:

What is your name? — My name is Peter.

Where do you live? — I live in Rostov.

Порядок слов в специальном вопросе

1) вопросительное слово (what, where, who, when, howи т.д.),

2) вспомогательный глагол (модальный, глагол-связка),

3) подлежащее,

4) смысловой глагол,

5) дополнения,

6) обстоятельства (места, времени, образа действия и т.д.).

В специальных вопросах, обращенных к подлежащему в Present и Past Indefinite, не употребляется вспомогательный глаголdo (did) и сохраняется прямой порядок слов:

Who wants to go to the cinema? Who lives in this house?

3. Альтернативный вопрос

Альтернативный вопрос предполагает выбор из двух возможностей:

Do you like coffee or tea? — Вы любите кофе или чай?

Альтернативный вопрос начинается как общий вопрос, затем следует разделительный союз or и вторая часть вопроса.

4. Разделительный вопрос (Tail Question)

Разделительный вопрос состоит из двух частей. Первая часть — это повествовательное предложение (утвердительное или отрицательное), вторая, отделенная запятой от первой — краткий вопрос(tail — «хвостик»):

You are a pupil, aren't you? — Вы ученик, не правда ли?

Если в повествовательной части разделительного вопроса содержитсяутверждение, тово второй —отрицание. Если в повествовательной части —отрицание, то во второй части, как правило, —утверждение:

You are a student, aren't you?

You don't go to school every day, do you?

Exercise 2.10. Read and translate into English:

1. She is a student.

— Is she a student?

— Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

2. He speaks English well.

— Does he speak English well?

— Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

3. They have many books.

— Have they many books?

— Yes, they have. / No, they haven't.

4. The weather was fine yesterday.

— Was the weather fine yesterday?

— Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.

5. We saw a new film yesterday.

— Did we see a new film yesterday?

— Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.

6. You can read well.

— Can you read well?

— Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

7. There will be five lessons tomorrow.

— Will there be five lessons tomorrow?

—Yes, there will. / No, there will not (won't).

Exercise 2.11. Put the questions to the following sentences:

Общие

Специальные

Разделительные

1. There is a book on the table. 2. He must work hard today. 3. We are leaving for Moscow next week. 4. We were reading the whole evening. 5. They don't go to work on Sunday. 6. It is not cold today. 7. Ann has already begun to read a new book. 8. We learn English at school. 9. They will show you how to get there. 10. They finished the translation before the end of the lesson. 11. I didn't feel well that evening. 12. It wasn't difficult to do this task.

Exercise 2.12. Read and translate the sentences:.

1. Our family lives in a three-room flat.

— Does your family live in a three-room flat or in a house?

— It lives in a three-room flat.

2. They went to the same school.

— Did they go to the same school or to different schools?

— They went to the same school.

3. He will read this book tomorrow.

— Will he read this text tomorrow or next week?

— He will read it tomorrow.

4. They are playing chess now.

— Are they playing chess or cards now?

— They are playing chess.

5. Our teacher has told us to write.

— Has our teacher told us to write or to read?

— He has told us to write.

Exercise 2.13. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Вам нравится больше английский язык или французский?

2. Он живет в Ростове или в области?

3. Она его младшая или старшая сестра?

4. Студенты уже сдали экзамены или нет?

5. Петровы поедут летом на юг или на север?

6. Ваш друг учится в академии или в университете?

7. Он знает ее лучше или вы?

Exercise 2.14. Write down alternative questions to the following sentences:

1. Our teacher knows several foreign languages. 2. He has graduated from our University last year. 3. We shall go to Samara next week. 4. They are working in our garden. 5. I have just read this book. 6. I took this book from my friend. 7. He likes reading books. 8. She has many relatives abroad. 9. They were in many countries. 10. Russia is the largest country in the world.

UNIT 3

MY ACADEMY

I. Гласные звуки [а:], [Ù], дифтонги [eэ], [ei].

II. Text A: «My Academy»,

Text В: «Moscow Slate University».

III. §1. Безличные и неопределенно-личные предложения.

§2. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, отрицательное местоимение по и их производные.

Гласный звук [а:]

При произнесении английского гласного [а:] рот открыт почти как для русского звука, но язык отодвигается дальше назад и книзу и лежит плоско. Кончик языка оттянут от нижних зубов. Губы не растянуты и не выдвинуты вперед.

Гласный звук[Ù]

При произнесении краткого гласного [Ù], губы немножко растянуты, язык отодвинут назад, несколько глубже, чем для русского звука [а]. Кончик языка находится у нижних зубов, напоминает русский звук [а] в словах камыш, сады, валы.

Дифтонг [eэ]. Ядро звука — гласный похожий на русский звук в слове это. Скольжение происходит в направлении нейтрального гласного с оттенком звука.

Дифтонг [ei]. Дифтонг, ядром которого является гласный, а скольжение происходит в направлении гласного. Произнося дифтонг необходимо следить за тем, чтобы ядро не было таким широким, как русский гласный [э], а второй элемент не превращался в русский звук [й].

Exercise A	care — dare — rare	date — may — pay
car — far — bar	fare — fair — hair	lay — hay — Ray
half — calf — bath		Exercise D
part — park — fart	Exercise С	us — bus
cart — barter — shark	tape — hate — bate	tub — mud
spark — bath — mark	mate — plate — Kate	must — sum
park — raft — plant	late — fate — rate	humble — tumble
Exercise В	brave — maple — main	sun — hunt
mare — air — pair	pain — name — day	trust — last

Text A: «ANN'S ACADEMY»

Hello again! Now let me tell you about my Polytechnical Academy. I am really glad that I study here. It is one of the finest country's higher educational institutions. Many famous people have graduated from my Academy, and not only engineers or scientists, but many outstanding writers, actors, showmen and politicians. Studying at our Academy gives a solid background in all spheres of knowledge and prepares for practical work.

Our Academy is quite large and old. It was founded in the 19^th century by the famous Russian inventor Vladimir Komarov. First, it was a small department of a large University, but later it was rearranged into an independent institution. Nowadays it is a large school where more than 5,000 students arecurrently enrolled. About 3,000 are full-time students, like me, and the restare part time-students. There are also about150 graduate students. Theyconduct independent research work and have pedagogical practice.

Thecourse of study at my academy lasts five years. There are many faculties in my academy. Here are some of them: the faculty ofindustrial automation androbotics, the facultyof plastics, the facultyof machine toolsand the facultyof metalworking.

Our academy is large and we have several buildings. One of the buildings is for lectures and seminars only. There are many large halls there so that students of 3-4 groups together can fit in there. And that is more than 100 people. The acoustics [э'ku:stiks] in such large halls is very good but sometimes it is verynoisy when students chat during the lecture.

We have two laboratory buildings which are equipped with up-to-date equipment and there students can carry on lab works and conduct various experiments. Many students from my group do their own research work.

There are several cafes at the academy. My favourite one is situated in a separateone-storeyed building and people say that this is the oldest canteen or student's cafe. The food there is tasty and veryaffordable.

There are also several dormitories or hostel buildings where students from other cities live. But you know already that I don't live in a dormitory — I rent an apartment.

Vocabulary:

currently — в настоящее время

to be enrolled — числиться в списках студентов

full-time students — студенты дневного отделения

part time-students — студенты вечернего отделения

to conduct — проводить

course of study — курс обучения

industrial automation — промышленная автоматика

robotics — робототехника

plastics — пластмассы

machine-tools — станки

metalworking — металлообработка