III. Single out the suffix. Is it a lexical or grammatical suffix

Poetess, hostess, lioness, actress, waitress, princess, tigress.

IV.Write out examples where “-s” is a lexical suffix?

Customs, traditions, airs, words, works, glasses, arms, pens, lamps, costs, spirits, looks, lamps, colours, tricks.

V. Many nouns of abstract nature can be concretized. Decide what makes them concrete. Think of the shift of meaning. Study examples of the following kind:

Contribution — contributions

Difficulty — difficulties, a difficulty

Translate the following. Сomment on the nouns formed up by “s”.

1. A careful reading of the Prime Minister’s explanations … shows that the anxieties of the MPs were more than justified.

2. He would go on taking chances.

3. Their own imaginationsneeded no comment.

4. She wanted to get out of Warmlesley Vale, up into the hills and open spaces.

5. Over the past 20 years there have been considerable improvements.

VI. What is the exact meaning of the plural forms in the following examples?

1. She likes French wines.

2. This shop has a good choice of teas.

3. He is reaching “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”.

4. The country supplies different fruits.

5. He spoke about the sandsof the Sahara and the frostsof the Arctic.

VII. Identify the genitives (using transformations if needed).

a) children’s room b) brother’ house

________ education _______ arrival

________ directness _______ arrest

________ tricks _______ report

________ footware _______ passport

c) a mile’s journey

two hours’ delay

a week’s holidays

cat’s manners

dog’s life

SEMINAR 3

VERB

1. Verb as a specific part of speech: semantics, word-building patterns and syntactical functions.

2. Finite and non-finite forms.

3. Grammatical categories of the verb: mood.

4. The category of voice. Types of passive constructions in English.

5. The category of tense.

6. The category of aspect.

7. The category of phase.

Reading material.

1. Бархударов, Л.С. Грамматика английского языка / Л.С. Бархударов, Д.А. Штелинг. – М.: Высшая школа, 1973. – Р. 131-140, 147-160

2. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. – М.: Высшая школа, 1983. – гл. X, XII, XIV–XVII.

3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – P. 46–65, 68–80

Tasks and Exercises.

I. Which verbs are – terminative

– durative

– of double (mixed) character

1. break

2. live

3. see

4. move

5. open

6. kill

7. close

8. love

9. die

10. look

11. cut

12. find

II. What is the main principle of classifying verbs into:

A. notional

b. semi – notional

C. auxiliary

Group the verbs in the following sentences according to this principle.

1. The lesson began.

2. He beganreading.

3. You must do it quickly.

4. Do you know this girl?

5. She wasin the kitchen.

6. The wasthe best student in the group.

7. The wasreading for a long time.

8. She wastired.

9. She washelped at the exam.

10. He stoppedto help his friend.

11. He stoppedhelping his friend.

12. He wasstoppedby the police.

13. He lookedat the photo.

14. He lookedold.

III. Compare the structure and meaning of the following sentences. What aspect of semantics can influence the choice of grammatical form?

1. I have been decorating the room.

2. I have decorated the room.

3. I have been living here all my life.

4. I have lived here all my life.

5. He felt better after he woke.

6. He felt better after had slept.

IV. Mark the sentences in which the paradigmatic aspectual meaning of the verb-form is shifted.

1. He is wastingtime.

2. You are beingawfully good to me.

3. They are watchingTV.

4. He is just beingsilly.

5. But I am forgettingyou: would you like some coffee?

6. He was playingfootball with his friends.

7. Tarzan was wishingthat they might walk on like that for hours.

8. She is knowingtoo much.

9. She is thinking ofemigrating.

V. Identify the meaning of the predicate (active, passive, middle, reflective, reciprocal).

1. The poems don’t translate well.

2. They embraced and kissed.

3. He washed and shaved.

4. He’ll never wash his dirty linen in public.

5. The door opens inside.

6. He gets beaten quite often.

7. He gets letters quite often.

8. They met at midnight.

9. They met a stranger in the street.

10. They dressed quickly and went out.

Seminar 4

Syntax

1. Syntax as a specific sphere of grammar. Types of syntactic relations: coordination, subordination, predication.

2. The main features of a sentence. Means of predication.

3. Functional sentence perspective: theme and rheme.

4. Structural classification of sentences.

5. Communicative types of sentences.

6. Principle and secondary parts of a sentence.

Reading material.

1. Бархударов, Л.С. Грамматика английского языка / Л.С. Бархударов, Д.А. Штелинг. – М.: Высшая школа, 1973. – Р. 23–27, 293, 305.

2. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. – М.: Высшая школа, 1983. – гл. XX, XXI, XXII.

3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – P. 100–124, 131–134, 164–171.

Task and Exercises.