Read a short article about greenhouse effect

2) Visit the website given below to listen to a podcast. You will hear the radio talk about causes and effects of climate change

http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/prof_mp3/climate-change.mp3

3) Are the following statements true or false? If the sentence is false give the correct answer.

	T/F	Correct answer
1. Greenhouse Effect: The sun heats the Earth which sends energy into Space. Radiation stays in the atmosphere. It warms the atmosphere and the Earth.
2. Methane and commercial oil and gas from landfills cause damage to the Earth’s surface.
3. Burning fossil fuels has made the problem more acute
4. The formation of new oceans could slow down global warming.
5. Global warming will cause worldwide problems simultaneously.

Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups

1. What actions are expected to reduce greenhouse effect? Think about the ways of reducing greenhouse effect as if you were a scientist / politician / environmentalist?

2. How can ordinary people contribute to the reduction of greenhouse effect?

3. What do you think about the future of our planet and the environment?

Writing a memo

1) Study the following information about the ways of writing a memo

A memo (memorandum) is the primary correspondence document within an organization just as a letter is the primary correspondence document between organizations. A memo has a headingconsisting of four parts.

To: Name and position of the reader

From: Name and position of the writer

Subject: A phrase that focuses the reader's attention on the subject of the memo

Date: Date the memo is sent

Normally, the writer puts his initials next to his or her name as an official signature.

After the heading comes the bodyof the memo, the message being sent. The body of a memo will be organized according to the purpose of the memo. For instance, a progress report in memo form will usually be divided into a purpose statement, a work completed section, and a work scheduled section. An accident report will state the purpose, give a narrative and descriptive background discussion of the accident, and then discuss the investigation and findings.

Although the body is adapted to the purpose of the memo, we can still mention the overall structure of the body to any memo. Basically, the body of the memo has two parts: the purpose statement and the explanation. Because the reader of the memo is often very busy, he/she is not likely to read the memo closely. Therefore,the first sentence should state the whole message of the memo in one sentence. This sentence is like an abstract to a report. One should not begin a memo with background information and work gradually to the main point. Instead the main point should come first and then the background and explanation of the message in fuller detail should follow. If the purpose of the memo is to ask someone to do something, that request should be in the first sentence. If the memo's purpose is to announce something, the gist of the announcement should be in the first sentence. If the purpose is to report something, the first sentence should summarize the report and the rest of the memo should elaborate.

One is often tempted to end the memo with a "cordially yours" and a signature, but these are not necessary and are usually excluded. When the message is complete, the memo is complete. Because memos are usually short, it is seldom necessary even to write a conclusion or summary; however, if the memo happens to be more than a page long, a summary may be in order.

2) Imagine you work in a company dealing with equipment supply. Think about your typical day in the company and prepare a memo concerning one of your everyday problems. Use appendix 7 for sample memo.

Writing the draft

The primary criteria for good scientific writing are accuracy and clarity. And the first step toward clarity is good organization. It is a good idea to follow the standardized format of a journal article.

Read the forth section of writing a scholarly article in the second part of the textbook for more information about writing a draft.