Complete these sentences using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. During the last year, two new supermarkets (build) in the centre of the town.
2. I (allow) to take the day off yesterday.
3. When I came, he (interview) for the job.
4. The World Wide Web (create) in 1990.
5. Our team (only / beat) once so far this year.
6. He noticed at once that the safe (break) into.
7. Yesterday I (delay) by traffic on the way home.
8. The little girl is crying because some soap went into her eyes while her hair (wash).
9. There was a fight at the football match on Saturday, and some men (seriously / injure).
10. A group of suspected terrorists (arrest) by the police three days ago. Another group of suspected terrorists (not / arrest / yet), but they (watch).
11. Do you think all translation (do) by computers one day?
Complete these dialogues using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. When do you have to hand in the report? – The report must (hand in) by Tuesday.
2. Where is your car? – At the garage. It (repair).
3. That's a lovely shirt. Is it new? – Yes. It (buy) for me by my mother.
4. Do you know your exam results yet? – No. They (not / announce) yet.
5. Have you finished your homework yet? – No, but it (finish) by eight o'clock.
6. (You / invite) to Bill's birthday party? – No, I wasn't.
7. Can I have my bill, please? – Of course, sir. Your bill (prepare) now.
8. (The new CCTV camera / install) yet? – No, not yet.
9. Is their website information up to date? – Maybe, but I visited the website last week, and it (not / update) for months.
10. Why is everyone lined up? – Our ID cards (check) by the security guards.
11. Why were you late? – My flight (delay) by the bad weather.
12. Do you fancy going out for dinner tonight? – Sorry, I can't. I (already / invite) to a party.
13. The restaurant bill (not / pay) in cash yesterday. – How (it / pay)? – With
a credit card.
10. Complete the information and instructions from a company's website, using the verbs in brackets and the passive forms given after some sentences.
Ordering online
1. All our products (can / order) online.
2. Orders (can / make) 24 hours a day.
3. All major credit cards (accept).
4. Orders (deliver) within 14 days. (future simple)
5. A delivery address (must / provide).
6. Please wait. Your order (process). (present continuous)
7. Your order (send). (present perfect)
Complete the information from a college brochure by changing the active sentences into passive sentences.
College information
1. We offer excellent tuition at the college.
2. You can find details of all our courses on the website.
3. We do not give lessons on public holidays.
4. You must pay all course fees in advance.
5. We are introducing new courses at the college.
6. Students take tests at the end of every course.
Complete the texts. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
LONDON
London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
It has greatly changed during the last decades. The buildings which covered many historic sights (take down). Newly cleaned and restored buildings (reveal), and the city looks as if it has been revitalized.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. At present, it (contain) different styles of architecture – from ancient churches to the modern Lloyd's building. Many buildings (restore) to their original Victorian beauty.
The area to the east from Westminster, the East End, (recently / redevelop). The old buildings (take down). The city has also rediscovered its river. The old warehouses along the river bank (transform) into galleries, shops and clubs.
Much of London's energy and originality (now / center) in Soho, the city's liveliest and most bohemian area, squeezed in between the department stores of Oxford Street and the bookshops of Charing Cross Road. Soho was one of the dirtiest and the most dangerous parts of London. It (clean up) in the early 1980's. It is a very popular place now. There are many pavement cafes there. Today, it (become) a meeting place for all kinds of people from all over the world.
Like every big city, London (have) its traffic problems, and getting around can be difficult.
To sum up, London is a lively and exciting metropolis. Despite its heavy traffic and shaking underground railway, it is still one of the world's greatest and most cosmopolitan cities.
MURMANSK
The city (change) a lot in the last twenty years. It hasn't really grown, but there have appeared some new buildings.
A magnificent new church (build). A new bridge across the Kola Inlet (construct). The banks (build) huge office blocks. The buildings in Lenin Street (renovate).
The centre of the city (turn) into a modern shopping and entertainment area. We have lots of boutiques, huge supermarkets and department stores. There is a wide variety of eating establishments. You could have a meal at one of the little cafes, bars and restaurants. Several sports and leisure centers (open).
However, only few blocks of flats (build). As a result, the flats (become) much too expensive.
The public transportation system makes all areas of the city accessible, and getting around is reasonably cheap. As for the roads, they (not / change), while the traffic has considerably increased in the last ten years.
The traffic is heavy nowadays. There are too many cars, trolley-buses, taxis and buses in the streets. We've got traffic jams at the rush hours. The streets are so busy that you feel nervous while crossing them. Because of this the air (change) too, it used to be much cleaner, but now it's polluted, there is far too much traffic.
Taking everything into account, I think the city has changed for the better, it hasn't lost its traditional look, though there are some traffic problems.
GRAMMAR COMMENTARY
SIMPLE
(констатация факта)
Present Simple(Настоящее простое время)
I, we, you, they – V1 / don't V1 / Do __ V1?
He, she, it – V1(e)s / doesn't V1 / Does __ V1?
Случаи употребления:
1. Общеизвестные факты, являющиеся неопровержимой истиной.
Water freezes at zero.
2. Действия, свойственные данному лицу или предмету.
I live in Murmansk.
3. Действия обычные, регулярно повторяющиеся в настоящем.
Указатели времени: every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never.
I get up at seven o'clock every day.
Past Simple(Прошедшее простое время)
V2 / didn't V1 / Did __ V1?
Случаи употребления:
1. Фиксированные действия в прошлом, не связанные непосредственно с настоящим моментом.
I finished school last year.
2. Регулярно повторяющиеся или последовательные действия в прошлом.
He came out of the door, locked it, got into his car and drove away.
Указатели времени: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year), in 1945, some days ago, the other day.
Future Simple(Будущее простое время)
will V1 / won't V1 / Will __ V1?
Случаи употребления:
1. Факты, действия обычные, регулярно повторяющиеся, последовательные действия
в будущем.
Указатели времени: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week (year), in a week (a day), in future, in the near future, one of these days.
The temperature will reach 30 °C tomorrow.
2. Спонтанные решения (принятые внезапно).
I'm starving, I think I'll make a sandwich.
3. Предположения, предупреждения, просьбы, угрозы, комментарии обычно со словами promise, think, expect, hope, believe. probably, perhaps и выражениями I'm sure, I'm afraid и другими.
I believe I will need computer skills in my future job. (предположение)
A : Will you help me with this exercise? (просьба)
B : Of course! I'll explain it to you. (обещание)
4. Действия или предсказания, которые возможно произойдут в будущем.
We will probably buy a new car.
CONTINUOUS (процесс)
Present Continuous (Настоящее продолженное время)
| I am Ving he (she, it) is Ving you (we, they) are Ving | I am not Ving he (she, it) is not Ving you (we, they) are not Ving | Am I Ving? Is he (she, it) Ving? Are you (we, they) Ving? |
Случаи употребления:
1. Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в настоящий момент.
Указатели времени: now, at the moment, still, just, после Look! Listen!
I am making coffee, would you like some?
2. Действие, происходящее в настоящий период времени.
Указатели времени: today, this week, this season, these days, at present, nowadays.
He is looking for a new job these days.
I am paying off my car loan.
3. Действие, запланированное на ближайшее будущее.
We are attending a seminar on Monday.
4. Для описания изменяющейся ситуации.
The prices are rising.
5. Для повторяющихся действий в настоящем, обычно имеющих негативное значение. В данном случае часто употребляются наречия always, constantly.
You are always interrupting me when I am talking.
Past Continuous(Прошедшее продолженное время)
| I (he, she, it) was Ving You (we, they) were Ving | I (he, she, it) was not Ving You (we, they) were not Ving | Was I (he, she it) Ving? Were you (we, they) Ving? |
Случаи употребления:
1. Действие, которое происходило в определенный момент времени в прошлом. Момент может быть обозначен точным указанием времени.
I was writing a report at seven o' clock yesterday.
2. Действие, которое происходило в определенный период времени в прошлом.
Указатели времени: from…till, all day long, the whole week, while, when, as.
I was writing a report from 7 till 9 yesterday.
3. Действие, протекавшее в момент, когда произошло какое-либо другое действие. Момент определен придаточным предложением времени с глаголом в форме Past Simple.
I was writing a report when my mother came home.
4. Два длительных параллельных действия.
Указатель времени: while.
I was writing a report while my friend was playing computer games.
Future Continuous(Будущее продолженное время)
will be Ving / won't be Ving / Will __ be Ving?
Случаи употребления:
1. Действие, которое будет происходить в какой-то определенный момент в будущем.
I will be writing a report at 7 p.m. tomorrow.
2. Действие, которое будет происходить в определенный период времени в будущем.
I will be writing a report the whole evening tomorrow.
3. Действие, которое будет совершаться, протекать в тот момент, когда произойдет другое действие. Это другое действие выражается глаголом в форме Present Simple.
I will be writing a report when you come.
4. Запланированное будущее действие.
I will be writing my report at the weekend.
PERFECT (завершенность)
Present Perfect
(Настоящее совершенное время)
I (we, you, they) have V3 / haven't V3 / Have __ V3?
he (she, it) has V3 / hasn't V3 / Has __ V3?
Случаи употребления:
1. Действие совершено в прошлом, но связано с настоящим моментом. Действие совершено, но важен результат. Без уточнения времени.
Somebody has parked his car across the drive, I can't get out.
2. Действие совершено, но время еще не истекло.
Указатели времени: today, this week, this month, this year.
I haven't seen him today.
We have been to three concerts this month.
3. С наречиями неопределенного времени: never, ever, yet, already, lately, recently, just, so far.
The film has just begun.
4. Со словами since и for (with state verbs).
I have disliked bananas since I was a child.
Past Perfect
(Прошедшее совершенное время)
had V3 / hadn't V3 / Had __ V3?
Действие закончилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент определяется:
1. обстоятельством времени с предлогом by: by…o'clock, by the 15th of May, by the end of the week.
I had finished the report by that time.
2. другим прошедшим действием, которое произошло позднее (ближе к настоящему)
и выражается глаголом в Past Simple.
We arrived at the cinema late. The film had already begun.
Past Perfect часто употребляется в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточными времени, которые вводятся союзами when, before, after, as soon as, till, until и другими.
They went out after it had stopped raining.
Future Perfect
(Будущее совершенное время)
will have V3 / won't have V3 / Will __ have V3?
1. Действие, которое будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем. Этот момент определяется указателями времени: by, by that time, by then, before, а также until / till (но только в отрицательных предложениях).
I will have finished the report by tomorrow.
I won't have finished the report until (till) 5 o'clock.
2. Действие, которое закончится до начала другого действия в будущем. Это другое действие выражается глаголом в Present Simple.
I will have completed the report before you come.
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(Процесс в течение некоторого времени до определенного момента)