Ex 16. Make the sentences complete using the information from the text

1. The first_ were developed 1971 as an_ pocket calculator .

2. MPs are used_ replace and_ random__ design.

3. MPs are now_ in many types_ equipment and their field will widen.

4. Central___ unit (CPU) consists____ unit and bus control circuits.

5. Recently the processing of information was ___only in the computer's CPU.

6. The use of MPs ___ greater application flexibility.

Ex. 17 Read and translate the text. Fill in the gaps using the words given
below.

User, processing, provide, multimedia, simplicity, programming, pro­grams, significant, application, software, personal computers

Personal computers are normally operated by one at a time to perform such general purpose tasks as word_____________ , Internet browsing, Internet faxing, e-mail and other digital messaging,________________ playback, computer game play, computer , etc. The user of a modern personal computer may have knowledge of the operating environment and______________________________ programs, but is not necessar­ily interested in programming or even able to write___ for the computer. Therefore, most written primarily for personal computers tends to be designed with of use, or «user-friendliness in mind. However, the software industries continuously a wide range of new products for use in___________________________________ , targeted at both the expert and the non-expert user.

Remember! Computer architecture — the overall layout of the hard­ware or software components of a computer system.

The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, prin­ters and mice are all hardware.

Software is the logical sequence of commands making up a computer program.

Unit 10

Input output units

I. Language

Ex. 1 Study the vocabulary

To Input - вводити

Device -прилад

to provide - забезпечувати

to be accepted - прийнятий

purpose- мета

output – вивід

to vary- змінювати

capacity- здатність

auxiliary – допоміжний

rate – швидкість

tremendous – величезний

to release – звільняти

ratio –співвідношення

punched holes and blanks – периферійні пробіли

a factor of advantage – коефіцієнт переваги

Ex. 2 Make pairs of synonyms::

speed; peripheral; to control; to write; auxiliary; to do; to receive; rate; to record; to get; to make; to handle; device; unit; instruction; part; to accept; command; section; information; data; to take in

Ex. 3 Make pairs of antonyms:

to add; presence; hole; input; north; decimal; to mul­tiply; to divide; binary; south; output; blank; absence; to subtract

Ex.4 Give Ukrainian equivalents

easy; reasonable; usual; special; physical; functional; real; regular; magnetical; different; logical; mathematical; subsequent; consequent, to work; to invent; to compose; to calculate; to operate; to act; to react; to receive; to transmit; to select; to use; to combine

II. Reading

Ex. 5 Read and translate the text

Input and output units

1.The part of the computer that takes in information is called the input unit. The input unit or device provides the means of communication between the computer and the people who are interested in its operation.

2.To be accepted by the machine, information for a digital computer has to be in the for of digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …9 or characters A, B, C, D, … . The characters are regularly expressed for the computer's purposes as six or seven 1’s and 0’s. The 1’s and 0’s may be expressed for the computer as punched holes (1) and blanks (0) in a card or a paper tape; as presence (1) and absence (0) of electrical pulse; or as polarized spots on a magnetic surface; for example, south-north is 1 and north-south is 0, or vice versa, etc.

3. So, the input unit makes possible communication from the other data-handling equipment and human being to the computer. It is the functional part of the computer that accepts the data to be operated on and programs for operat­ing. It may consist of a keyboard operated tape – punch, a paper tape reader, a card reader, and an electric typewriter

4. The part of a computer that puts out information is called the output unit. The computer can easily put out in­formation in a form acceptable to human beings. For example, the computer may give impulses to an electrical typewriter, so that the keys are energized in the proper sequence of type out a message in ordinary typed characters which human beings can read, etc.

5. The output of a computer is known to vary according to the capacity of the auxiliary equipment receiving the in­formation. A computer can record on a magnetic tape at the rate of 1,000,000 characters per second. It can also control: a paper tape punch which will punch a paper tape at the rate of 100 characters per second; or a card punch which will punch per second about 300 standard punch cards of 80 col­umns; or a high-speed line-printer which will punch 20 lines per second, each of 80 to 120 characters. Input and output devices are usually called peripherals.

6. All this peripheral equipment is slow as compared with, the computer. Consequently, for efficient use of the computer's tremendous calculating speed, devices called buffers may be used. A buffer is known to be a storage device which is able to take in information at a very high speed from the computer and release the information at the proper speed for the peripheral equipment.

7. A human being is known to write by hand at the rate of about 30 words per minute, or to type at the rate of about 60 words per minute, or to talk at the rate of 200 or 250 words per minute. The ratio between a computer speed of about 40,000 words per second, and the top output speed of a human being of about 4 words per second, gives a factor of advantage to the computer of about 10,000 to 1 at the begin­ning of the 60’s. Nowadays this ratio is much more.

III. Language

Ex. 6 Match word and word combinations in column A with those in column B:

1. the input of a computer 2. an auxiliary equipment 3. at the rate of 4. a high-speed line-print­er 5. for efficient use 6. a storage device 7. a factor of advantage 8. the output unit 9.. punched holes 10. presence and absence

1. наявність та відсутність 2. перферичні отвори 3.прилад вводу 4.швидкісний рядководрукуючий пристрій 5.коефіціент переваги 6. зі швидкістю 7. для ефективного використання 8. допоміжний засіб 9. засіб вводу комп’ютера 10. запам’ятовуючий пристрій

Ex. 7 Make the sentences complete using the information from the text .:

1.The peripheral equipment is slow as compared with… .

2. Devices called buffers may be used for efficient use of the computer's ... .

3. A human being is known to type at the rate ... .

4. The ratio between a computer speed and the output speed of a human being gives a factor of ... to a computer.

5. The input unit accepts the data . . . and pro­grams for . . .