Exercise 7. Translate the following text in a written form. Use a dictionary if necessary
Microsoft Office 365 is a cloud-based service that is designed to help meet your organization’s needs for robust security, reliability, and user productivity. Microsoft Office 365 delivers the power of cloud productivity to businesses of all sizes, helping save time, money, and free up valued resources. Office 365 combines the familiar Microsoft Office desktop suite with cloud-based versions of Microsoft’s next-generation communications and collaboration services—including Microsoft Exchange Online, Microsoft SharePoint Online, Office Online, and Microsoft Lync Online—to help users be productive from virtually anywhere through the Internet.
Microsoft Office is available on both Windows and Mac and includes programs, servers, services, and solutions for various business purposes. Your computer must meet the minimum hardware requirements for the version of Office you purchase/install. Microsoft Office for Windows includes the following programs:
Access: Database management program
Excel: Spreadsheet program
Lync: Collaboration and communication tool
OneNote: Note taking program
Outlook: Personal information managers and communications program (e-mail, contacts, schedules, documents)
PowerPoint: Presentation graphics program
Project: Project management programs and solutions
Publisher: Business publishing and marketing materials program
Visio: Business and technical diagramming program
Word: Word processing program
Unit 5
Operating Systems Classification
Remember the following words and word combinations.
1. allocation - распределение
2. environment – окружающая среда
3. command line interface – интерфейс командной строки
4. graphical user interface – графический пользовательский интерфейс
5. multiuser - многопользовательский
6. multiprocessing – многопроцессорная обработка, параллельная обработка
7. multitasking - многозадачность
8. multithreading – многопоточный
9. real-time – в режиме реального времени
10. simultaneously - одновременно
11. general-purpose - универсальный
12. consistent – постоянный
13. compatible - совместимый
14. respond, v - отвечать
15. require, v - требовать
16. instantly – мгновенно
Read and translate the text.
Text 1
Operating System
An operating system is a special kind of system software that is responsible for the management of all activities of the computer and the sharing of computer resources. It is considered the backbone of a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs. Users and application programs access the services offered by the operating systems, by means of system calls and application programming interfaces. To run a certain software in a PC, it needs to be compatible with the installed OS.
An Operating System provides services to both the users and to the programs.
• It provides programs with an environment to execute.
• It provides users with services to execute the programs in a convenient manner.
Some of the most important functions of an operating system are:
· Resource Allocation
· Memory Management
· Processor Management
· Device Management
· File Management
· Program execution
· Security
· Control over system performance
· Error detecting aids
· Coordination between other software and users.
Users interact with a computer operating system through Command Line Interfaces (CLIs) or Graphical User Interfaces known as GUIs (pronounced “gooey”). Graphical user interfaces have graphic representation of every process or application. It allows users to navigate with the help of a pointing device (a mouse or a stylus) by clicking on icons, buttons, and menus.
Each operating system's GUI has a different look and feel, so it can cause some difficulties at first when a user switches to a different operating system. However, modern operating systems are designed to be user-friendly, and most of the basic principles are the same.
Categories of OS
The OS can be broadly classified into certain categories. Although one particular OS can fall into more than one category. There are multiuser, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, and real-time operating systems.
A multiuser operating system enables multiple users to run programs simultaneously. This type of operating system may be used for just a few people or hundreds of them. In fact, there are some operating systems that are used to allow thousands of people to run programs at the same time.
A multiprocessing operating system allows a program to run on more than one central processing unit (CPU) at a time. This can come in very handy in some work environments, at schools, and even for some home-computing situations.
A multitasking (or time-sharing) operating systems work a little differently; they make it possible to run more than one program at a time.
A multithreading operating systems allow varied parts of one program to be used simultaneously.
Real-time operating systems are designed to allow computers to process and respond to input instantly. Usually, general-purpose operating systems, such as disk operating system (DOS), are not considered real time, as they may require seconds or minutes to respond to input. Real-time operating systems are typically used when computers must react to the consistent input of information without delay. For example, real-time operating systems may be used in navigation, medical imaging systems, robots, industrial control systems, etc.