Прошедшее совершенно-продолженное время

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

У п о т р е б л е н и е.

Past Perfect Continuous обозначает:

1) Действие, которое началось до определенного момента (или

другого действия) в прошлом и продолжалось в этот момент (или одновременно с этим другим действием). Такие предложения обычно содержат указания продолжительности действия типа for twohours (в течение двух часов), since 5 o'clock (с пяти часов), since Icame home (с тех пор, как я пришел домой).

Eg.:

He said he had been working Он сказал, что работает с утра.

since morning.

He had been sleeping for two hours Он спал уже два часа, когда

when we came. мы пришли.

2) Действие, которое началось и длилось до другого действия в

прошлом, но одновременно с ним уже не происходило.

Eg.: I took the book which he Я взял книгу, которую он

had been reading. читал.

Past Perfect Continuous употребляется с такими же указателями времени, как и Present Perfect Continuous: since, for.

Eg.:

I had been playing football for an hour Я играл в футбол уже час,

when Mother called me home. когда мама позвала меня

домой.

They had been working at this problem Они работали над этой

since 1997 until they got results. проблемой с 1997, пока не

получили результаты.

О б р а з о в а н и е.

Утвердительная форма.

Past Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Past Perfect (had been) и смыслового глагола в 4-й форме (основа + -ing).

had been + V ing

He had been working.

We had been working.

Отрицательная форма.

Образуется при помощи добавления отрицательной частицы not к первому вспомогательному глаголу had.

Eg.: I had not been working.

They had not been working.

Вопросительная форма.

Образуется путем перестановки первого вспомогательного глагола had и подлежащего - вспомогательный глагол ставится на первое место перед подлежащим.

Eg.: Had she been working?

Had you been working?

На русский язык Past Perfect Continuous переводится прошедшим временем несовершенным видом.

У П Р А Ж Н Е Н И Я

Упр.135. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разницу в переводе и употреблении Present и Past Perfect Continuous.

1. When the director came into the classroom the pupils had already been

writing their compositions for half an hour. 2. They have been playing chess since ten o'clock. 3. We have been preparing for the coming examinations for the whole semester. 4. She has been playing the piano for three hours. 5. He has been learning English at school for five years and now he is learning at the Institute. 6. She has been sleeping since yesterday. I think she is ill. 7. I was late and when I entered the hall the professor had already been speaking for half an hour.

Упр.136. Ответьте на вопросы, используя Past Perfect Continuous.

Model: - Did it rain yesterday? - Yes, it did.

- How long had it been raining before you went for a walk?

- Ithad been raining foran hour.

1. Did he live in London in 1990?

How long had he been living there when the war broke out? (for three years)

2. Did she work at the Institute before she retired?

How long had she been working there by that time? (for 25 years)

3. Did you stay in the hotel when you were in London?

How long had you been staying there when your friends arrived? (for a week)

4. Did they study French before they went to France?

How long had they been studying it before they went to France? (for three years)

5. Did he work on his book last year?

How long had he been working on it before the book was published? (for two years)

6. Did you take part in the chess tournament yesterday?

How long had you been playing chess before you took part in the tournament? (for six years)

7. Did he listen to that record yesterday?

How long had he been listening to it before he understood all the words? (for an hour)

8. Did he work in the library last week?

How long had he been working there before he wrote the report? (for a day)

Упр.137. Прочитайте ситуации и составьте предложения с Past Perfect Continuous, используя слова в скобках.

Model: I was very tired when I arrived home. (to work all day long)

…I had been workingall day long.

1. The two boys came into the house. Their clothes looked dirty. (to play football in the yard)

2. There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody \ to smoke in the room)

3. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and did not know where she was. (to have a bad night dream)

4. When I got home Mike was sitting in front of TV. He had just turned it off. (to watch TV)

5. Bill's lips were dirty. (to eat blackberries)

6. When he went out, the sun was shining but the ground was wet. (to rain)

7. Ken gave up (бросил) smoking two years ago. (to smoke for ten years)

8. When the boys came into house their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. ( to fight)

Упр.138. Поставьте глагол в скобках в форме Past Perfect Continuous.

1. Winifred rose from an armchair in which she (to sit). 2. "I'm coming all right," said Mr.Dilinger, who (to shiver) for the last ten minutes. 3. I realized that he had come away with me in order to discuss once more what he already (to discuss) for hours with his uncle. 4. Mrs.Capone made no sign, but her silence told something. Gennie went over to her and quickly discovered that she (to cry).