Active Vocabulary (Units 1 – 5)

Nouns

A

accumulation

act

action

activity

age

agency

agent

analysis(es)

animal

application

atmosphere

B

background

basis

behavior

branch

C

change

character

chemist

chemistry

classification

climate

coal

colleague

collection

combination

communication

composition

concept

conclusion

constitution

construction

continent

course

creativity

crust

cycle

D

damage

datum(a)

degree

deposit

development

direction

discipline

discussion

distribution

dynamics

E

earth

earthquake

ecology

effect

element

employment

energy

environment

eruption

event

evolution

experience

expert

exploration

expression

F

fact

flood

form

formation

fossil

foundation

G

gas

gemstone

generalization

geologist

geology

geophysicist

geophysics

glacier

H

hazard

heat

hydrocarbons

hydrologist

hydrology

hypothesis(es)

I

identification

illustration

imagination

importance

indicator

interior

K

knowledge

L

land

landscape

landslide

layer

location

M

magma

mankind

material(s)

mathematician

mathematics

matter

measurement

mechanism

metal

meteorite

method

mineral

mineralogist

mineralogy

mitigation

modeling

monitoring

movement

N

nature

O

object

observation

ocean

oil

organism

origin

P

paleontologist

paleontology

part

petroleum

petrologist

petrology

phenomenon(a)

physicist

physics

plant

potential

prediction

process

production

project

property

provision

R

range

reaction

reality

reason

record

region

relation

relationship

remains

resource(s)

rift

risk

S

science

scientist

sea

sediment

sedimentologist

sedimentology

seismologist

seismology

shape

soil

stratum(a)

stream

structure

study

subject

substance

surface

surrounding(s)

system

T

theory

time

training

transportation

type

U

use

utilization

V

value

variety

volcano

W

water

way

weather

wind

world

Z

zonation

zone

Verbs

A

to accumulate

to act

to analyze

to apply

C

to call

to change

to characterize

to classify

to collect

to combine

to communicate

to compose

to concern

(to be concerned)

to conclude

to constitute

to construct

to contain

to create

D

to damage

to deal with

to deduce

to deposit

to develop

to differ from

to direct

to discuss

to distribute

to diversify

to divide

E

to erupt

to evaluate

to evolve

to experience

to explore

to express

F

to find

to flood

to form

G

to generalize

H

to heat

I

to identify

to illustrate

to imagine

to include

to indicate

to involve

K

to know

L

to locate

M

to make up

(to be made up of)

to measure

to mitigate

to move

O

to observe

to operate

to originate

P

to predict

to preserve

to process

to produce

to provide

R

to realize

to refer

(to be referred to a)

to relate

to remain

S

to shape

to study

to subject

to surround

to systematize

T

to train

to treat of

to try

U

to understand

to use

to utilize

V

to value

to vary

Adjectives / Adverbs

A

active (ly)

analogous

C

challenging

chemical (ly)

complete (ly)

complex

creative (ly)

D

different (ly)

diverse

dynamic

E

essential (ly)

F

formal (ly)

G

general (ly)

geological (ly)

I

important (ly)

informal (ly)

interesting (ly)

M

major

minor

modern

multiple

N

natural (ly)

O

original (ly)

P

permanent (ly)

R

real (ly)

S

scientific (aly)

seismic

similar (ly)

specific (aly)

static (aly)

stimulating

systematic (aly)

T

theoretic (aly)

V

valuable

various (ly)

vital (ly)

Активный словарь

Существительные

анализ, анализы

ветер

вода

возраст

вывод

выражение (чего-либо)

геологический фактор (2 сл.)

гидрогеолог

гидрогеология

гипотеза

данные (ед., мн.)

действие

действительность

деятельность

диапазон

занятость

землетрясение

земля

извержение

изменение

ископаемые остатки

использование (2 сл.)

климат

коллега

концепция

кора (Земли)

летопись (геологич.)

математик

математика

материя (2 сл.)

месторождение

мир

море

наводнение

накопление

направление

наука

нефть

обсуждение

окружающая среда (2 сл.)

опыт

осадки

отношение

отрасль

перенос

поведение

поверхность

погода

поток

почва

путь

развитие (2 сл.)

разнообразие

разрушение

район

распределение

ресурсы

связь

связь

сейсмика

слой (и) -2 сл.

событие

состав

сочетание

степень

строение

творчество

теория

уголь

физик

физика

форма (2 сл.)

характер

химик

химия

ценность

цикл

Глаголы

вовлекать (включать) 2 сл.

воздействовать

выражать

двигать (ся)

действовать (2)

делать выводы

извергать (ся)

изменять

измерять

изучать

иметь дело с (2)

использовать (2 сл.)

классифицировать

наблюдать

нагревать

называть

находить

обобщать

обсуждать

определять

отличаться от

оценивать

предсказывать

производить

происходить (образовываться)

развивать (2 сл.)

разделять

разрушать

распределять

снабжать, обеспечивать

собирать (2 сл.)

содержать

создавать (2)

составлять

сохранять

творить

толковать

указывать

уменьшать последствия

формировать (2 сл.)

характеризовать

Прилагательные

активный

важный

второстепенный

главный

действительный

интересный

научный

основной

особенный

отличный от

первоначальный

постоянный

похожий (сходный)

природный

разнообразный (2)

сейсмичный

сложный

современный

творческий

теоретический

химический

ценный

Наречия

активно

в основном

научно

полностью

постоянно

сходно (аналогично)

формально

химически

Section III.

Geological Processes

Active Vocabulary (Units 1 – 5) - student2.ru Unit I. The Leading Geological Processes

Focus on:

1. общенаучная и терминологическая лексика

2. суффиксы различных частей речи

3. глаголы, выражающие причинно-следственные отношения: to result in, to result from, to lead to, to cause, etc.

4. слова заместители: that; those.

5. «trouble spot!»: source, course, cause, stores, etc.

6. построение дефиниций

Text Study

The leading geological processes fall into two contrasted groups. The first group — denudation and deposition — includes the processes which act on the crust or at or very near its surface, as a result of the movements and chemical activities of air, water, ice and living organisms. Such processes are essentially of external origin. The second group — earth movements, igneous activity and metamorphism — includes the processes which act within the crust, as a result of the physical and chemical activities of the materials of the substratum (or mantle) and of gases and magmas in the crust or passing through it. Such processes are essentially of internal origin.

Both groups of processes operate under the control of gravitation (including attractions due to the sun and moon), co-operating with the earth’s movements — rotation about its axis and revolution around the sun.

Each group of processes requires an additional source of energy. The processes of external origin are specifically maintained by the radiation of heat from the sun. Those of internal origin are similarly maintained by the liberation of heat from the stores of energy locked within the earth.

Ex.1.

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