Active Vocabulary (Units 1 – 5)
Nouns
A
accumulation
act
action
activity
age
agency
agent
analysis(es)
animal
application
atmosphere
B
background
basis
behavior
branch
C
change
character
chemist
chemistry
classification
climate
coal
colleague
collection
combination
communication
composition
concept
conclusion
constitution
construction
continent
course
creativity
crust
cycle
D
damage
datum(a)
degree
deposit
development
direction
discipline
discussion
distribution
dynamics
E
earth
earthquake
ecology
effect
element
employment
energy
environment
eruption
event
evolution
experience
expert
exploration
expression
F
fact
flood
form
formation
fossil
foundation
G
gas
gemstone
generalization
geologist
geology
geophysicist
geophysics
glacier
H
hazard
heat
hydrocarbons
hydrologist
hydrology
hypothesis(es)
I
identification
illustration
imagination
importance
indicator
interior
K
knowledge
L
land
landscape
landslide
layer
location
M
magma
mankind
material(s)
mathematician
mathematics
matter
measurement
mechanism
metal
meteorite
method
mineral
mineralogist
mineralogy
mitigation
modeling
monitoring
movement
N
nature
O
object
observation
ocean
oil
organism
origin
P
paleontologist
paleontology
part
petroleum
petrologist
petrology
phenomenon(a)
physicist
physics
plant
potential
prediction
process
production
project
property
provision
R
range
reaction
reality
reason
record
region
relation
relationship
remains
resource(s)
rift
risk
S
science
scientist
sea
sediment
sedimentologist
sedimentology
seismologist
seismology
shape
soil
stratum(a)
stream
structure
study
subject
substance
surface
surrounding(s)
system
T
theory
time
training
transportation
type
U
use
utilization
V
value
variety
volcano
W
water
way
weather
wind
world
Z
zonation
zone
Verbs
A
to accumulate
to act
to analyze
to apply
C
to call
to change
to characterize
to classify
to collect
to combine
to communicate
to compose
to concern
(to be concerned)
to conclude
to constitute
to construct
to contain
to create
D
to damage
to deal with
to deduce
to deposit
to develop
to differ from
to direct
to discuss
to distribute
to diversify
to divide
E
to erupt
to evaluate
to evolve
to experience
to explore
to express
F
to find
to flood
to form
G
to generalize
H
to heat
I
to identify
to illustrate
to imagine
to include
to indicate
to involve
K
to know
L
to locate
M
to make up
(to be made up of)
to measure
to mitigate
to move
O
to observe
to operate
to originate
P
to predict
to preserve
to process
to produce
to provide
R
to realize
to refer
(to be referred to a)
to relate
to remain
S
to shape
to study
to subject
to surround
to systematize
T
to train
to treat of
to try
U
to understand
to use
to utilize
V
to value
to vary
Adjectives / Adverbs
A
active (ly)
analogous
C
challenging
chemical (ly)
complete (ly)
complex
creative (ly)
D
different (ly)
diverse
dynamic
E
essential (ly)
F
formal (ly)
G
general (ly)
geological (ly)
I
important (ly)
informal (ly)
interesting (ly)
M
major
minor
modern
multiple
N
natural (ly)
O
original (ly)
P
permanent (ly)
R
real (ly)
S
scientific (aly)
seismic
similar (ly)
specific (aly)
static (aly)
stimulating
systematic (aly)
T
theoretic (aly)
V
valuable
various (ly)
vital (ly)
Активный словарь
Существительные
анализ, анализы
ветер
вода
возраст
вывод
выражение (чего-либо)
геологический фактор (2 сл.)
гидрогеолог
гидрогеология
гипотеза
данные (ед., мн.)
действие
действительность
деятельность
диапазон
занятость
землетрясение
земля
извержение
изменение
ископаемые остатки
использование (2 сл.)
климат
коллега
концепция
кора (Земли)
летопись (геологич.)
математик
математика
материя (2 сл.)
месторождение
мир
море
наводнение
накопление
направление
наука
нефть
обсуждение
окружающая среда (2 сл.)
опыт
осадки
отношение
отрасль
перенос
поведение
поверхность
погода
поток
почва
путь
развитие (2 сл.)
разнообразие
разрушение
район
распределение
ресурсы
связь
связь
сейсмика
слой (и) -2 сл.
событие
состав
сочетание
степень
строение
творчество
теория
уголь
физик
физика
форма (2 сл.)
характер
химик
химия
ценность
цикл
Глаголы
вовлекать (включать) 2 сл.
воздействовать
выражать
двигать (ся)
действовать (2)
делать выводы
извергать (ся)
изменять
измерять
изучать
иметь дело с (2)
использовать (2 сл.)
классифицировать
наблюдать
нагревать
называть
находить
обобщать
обсуждать
определять
отличаться от
оценивать
предсказывать
производить
происходить (образовываться)
развивать (2 сл.)
разделять
разрушать
распределять
снабжать, обеспечивать
собирать (2 сл.)
содержать
создавать (2)
составлять
сохранять
творить
толковать
указывать
уменьшать последствия
формировать (2 сл.)
характеризовать
Прилагательные
активный
важный
второстепенный
главный
действительный
интересный
научный
основной
особенный
отличный от
первоначальный
постоянный
похожий (сходный)
природный
разнообразный (2)
сейсмичный
сложный
современный
творческий
теоретический
химический
ценный
Наречия
активно
в основном
научно
полностью
постоянно
сходно (аналогично)
формально
химически
Section III.
Geological Processes
Unit I. The Leading Geological Processes
Focus on:
1. общенаучная и терминологическая лексика
2. суффиксы различных частей речи
3. глаголы, выражающие причинно-следственные отношения: to result in, to result from, to lead to, to cause, etc.
4. слова заместители: that; those.
5. «trouble spot!»: source, course, cause, stores, etc.
6. построение дефиниций
Text Study
The leading geological processes fall into two contrasted groups. The first group — denudation and deposition — includes the processes which act on the crust or at or very near its surface, as a result of the movements and chemical activities of air, water, ice and living organisms. Such processes are essentially of external origin. The second group — earth movements, igneous activity and metamorphism — includes the processes which act within the crust, as a result of the physical and chemical activities of the materials of the substratum (or mantle) and of gases and magmas in the crust or passing through it. Such processes are essentially of internal origin.
Both groups of processes operate under the control of gravitation (including attractions due to the sun and moon), co-operating with the earth’s movements — rotation about its axis and revolution around the sun.
Each group of processes requires an additional source of energy. The processes of external origin are specifically maintained by the radiation of heat from the sun. Those of internal origin are similarly maintained by the liberation of heat from the stores of energy locked within the earth.
Ex.1.