Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Наука «геология» объясняет происхождение этих полезных минералов.

2) Мы полагаемся на изучение физических свойств этих минералов.

3) Инструменты, используемые для геофизической съемки, обычно специально проектируется.

4) Они часто пользуются механическими и оптическими приборами для достижения своих целей.

5) Комбинация различных методов помогает понять ситуацию исследования слоя, лежащего под поверхностью.

Give a short summary of the text.

· Tell what information in the text is new for you.

· Divide the text into logical parts. Give a title to each part.

Lesson III

THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH

Lead-in

Where do earthquakes occur?

What geophysical methods are used?

Can people predict where ore deposits are in the process of their formation?

What procedure could be called “geological mapping by geophysical methods”?

What are the main purposes of surveying?

Vocabulary

1) in a broad sense	- до известной степени, в широком смысле
2) to detect	- открывать, обнаруживать
3) earthquake	- землетрясение
4) environment	- окружeние, среда
5) magnetic field	- магнитное поле
6) particular	- особый
7) applicable in	- применимый, подходящий
8) to search for	- вести поисковые работы
9) frequently	- часто
10) background	- предпосылка, происхождение
11) to provide	- обеспечивать (чем-л. материальным) (with)
12) to occur	- происходить, иметь место
13) weakness	- cлабость, непрочность
14) be related to	- относящийся к
15) ore mineral	- рудный минерал
16) mineralized	- минерализованный, минерализированный
17) mountain building	- горообразование
18) to predict	- предсказать
19) distribution	- распределение
20) location	- определение места ( чего-л.); нахождение, обнаружение
21) sparsely	- редкий, разбросанный
22) preliminary	- предварительный
23) resource evaluation	- оценка ресурсов
24) underdeveloped	- слаборазвитый
25) gravity	- сила тяжести
26) geological mapping	- геологическое картирование
27) detailed	- подробный, детальный, доскональный
28) mineral exploration	- разведка полезных ископаемых
29) overall	- в (общем и) целом
30) by and large	- в общем и целом, в общем
31) approach	- подход

Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.

[ei] evaluation, exploration, information

[u:] through, group, movement

[i] predict, particular

[i:] weakness, frequently

Pay attention to the stress in the following words. Pronounce them.

de´tect	´weakness	´mineralized
re´lationship	de´posit	distri´bution
´mountain	´movement	evalu´ation

Read the text and fulfil the exercises.

THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH

1. In a broad sense, the methods of geophysics are used to detect the very deep structure of the earth itself, to study earthquakes and earth’s magnetic field, and to give us a better understanding of our physical environment. These particular geophysical fields of knowledge are not directlyapplicable in the search for mineral deposits, but they frequently provide a useful background of indirect information. For example, we now know that earthquakes occur along zones of weakness on earth, often between continents and oceans, in regions that are also related to places where ore minerals are being deposited. Mineralized districts on the earth bear a relationship to areas where there has been past mountain building, and we can now see and predictplaces where ore deposits are in the process of being formed. Thus, through the study of the physical processes of earth movements and the broader, deeper aspects of geophysics we will learn more about the distributionand the regional location of mineralized areas.

2.Regional geophysical surveys, in which data are gathered somewhat sparselyover a large area, are often part of a preliminary resource evaluation program of an underdeveloped area. These surveys are carried out for the general purposes of learning the background subsurface physical characteristics of an area. Maps made from this gravity, magnetic, electrical, or radiometric data are also useful for making geologic maps. This procedure could be called “geological mapping by geophysical methods”.

3.Regional geophysical survey maps are generally not too complex in detail. But mainly these surveys are useful in providing fundamental geological information about a region, and can also be useful in planning more detailed exploration and general engineering programs.

4.In mineral exploration, geophysics is used as part of the overall program. By and large, a team effort has been the most successful approachto exploration, and here geophysics plays its role as a cooperative member of the technical group.