Основные предлоги направления
| to | the mill, the meeting the institute, Moscow | на завод, на собрание в институт, в Москву |
| into | the suit-case, the tube | в портфель, в трубку |
| from | the institute the plant, his work | из института с завода, с работы |
| out of | the box | из коробки |
I. Write the following:
2, 7, 11, 12, 17, 30, 42, 47, 105, 723, 1000, 3 791, 6 003, 325 619, 2 059 897.
II. Form the Ordinal Numerals from the following:
1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20, 23, 24, 54, 68, 97, 100, 425, 1000, 1075, 8597.
III. Write the following Dates in English:
7 ноября 1917 г.; 21 января 1921 г.; 15 мая 1935 г.; 20 июня 1987 г.; 1 апреля 1990 г.; 31 декабря 1991 г.; 26 марта 2006 г.; 8 мая 1945 г.; 11 апреля 1993 г; 1 сентября 2012 г.
IV. Fill in the blanks using the necessary word: to, past or sharp:
1. (7.45) – It is a quarter … seven. 2. (6.30) – It is half … six. 3. (9.23) – It is 23 minutes … nine. 4. (8.57) – It is 3 minutes … nine. 5. (8.00) – It is eigh o’clock …. 6. (4.30) – It is half … four. 7. (5.10) – It is 10 minutes … five. 8. (11.00) – It is 11 o’clock … . 9. (3.36) – It is 24 minutes … four. 10. (2.58) – It is 2 minutes … three.
V. Translate the following sentences paying attention to it:
1. It took me twenty minutes to get to the library, but it was closed.
2. It is too bad that you couldn’t come.
3. It is impossible to cross the river here.
4. It is difficult to imagine modern life without the telephone.
5. Will you please open the window? It’s so hot here.
6. It is not an easy task to test a new machine.
7. It is interesting to note that American education is more practical and less academic than British.
8. It is autumn and it often rains. It is getting dark though it is 6 o’clock p.m.
VI. Make up sentences using the following tables:
e.g. It often rains in October.
| It | often seldom always sometimes never | rains snows | in January. in February. in March. in April. in May. in June. |
e.g. It doesn’t often rain in September.
| It doesn’t | often seldom always sometimes | rain snow | in July. in August. in September. in October. in November. in December. |
e.g. - Does it often rain in November?
- Yes, it does.
| Does it | often seldom always sometimes ever | rain in September snow in February | in London? in Moscow? in Odessa? in New York? in your native town? |
VII. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1. В этой комнате холодно.
2. Ещё совсем светло.
3. Тепло сегодня?
4. Сейчас половина шестого.
5. Шёл дождь вчера? – Да.
6. Уже поздно и совсем темно.
7. Трудно говорить на иностранном языке без ошибок.
8. Отсюда очень далеко до вокзала?
9. Очень приятно купаться в море.
10. Очень трудно переводить такие тексты без словаря.
VIII. Use some or any in the following sentences:
1. I have … interesting books in English.
2. You may take … book you like.
3. Give me … book to read.
4. He did not ask me … questions?
5. Have you written … exercises?
6. I will be at home all day long, you may come at … time.
7. Do they take … books with them?
8. Have you … magazines about navigation at home?
9. Be ready to tell the contents of … chapter of this book.
10. The teacher didn’t ask me … questions.
IX. Insert some, any or no in the following sentences:
1. They have not got … stamps. I can’t post my letter.
2. He has got … money. He can’t spend his holidays in Switzerland anymore and stay at luxury hotels.
3. Are there … new buildings in your street?
4. There are … people in the park because it is cold.
5. They brought … good books from the library.
6. Have you hot … time to spare? I’d like to ask you … questions.
7. There are … diagrams in the new book.
8. Were there … of our teachers at the stadium?
9. There were … students of our group at the consultation yesterday.
10. Are there … mistakes in my dictation? – Yes, there are … .
X. Insert something, anything, nothing or everything:
1. Mu husband taught his son … he knows.
2. Her patient has a bad memory. She can’t remember … .
3. The student didn’t understand …, because he heard … .
4. Does he know … about computers? – Yes, he knows … because he is the best specialist in computer science at Harvard University.
5. I saw … near the wood that looked like a tent.
6. I think there is … wrong with my watch.
XI. Insert somebody, anybody, nobody or everybody:
1. Has … in this group got a dictionary?
2. … left a magazine in our classroom yesterday.
3. The question was so difficult that … could answer it.
4. … knows that water is necessary for life.
5. Is there … here who knows English?
6. … knew anything about America before Columbus discovered it.
XII. Insert somewhere, anywhere, nowhere or everywhere:
1. I can’t find my book … . I have looked all over the house.
2. This book can be found … . Let’s buy it.
3. I put my dictionary … yesterday and now I can’t find it … . – Of course, that is because you leave your books … .
4. I cannot find my glasses … . I always put them … and then look for them for hours.
5. Did you go … yesterday? – No, I went …, I stayed at home the whole day.
XIII. Complete the dialogue, using some, any and their compounds:
Boss: Good morning. Have you got … news about the shortage of raw material?
Assistant: Yes, we have found … alternative suppliers but there aren’t … contracts drawn up for now.
Boss: Are there … possibilities of delivery next week?
Assistant: I’m counting on it! We shall send … requests this afternoon, and then we hope … will say they can deliver.
Boss: Would you like … help with calculating the quantities?
Assistant: Yes, that’s a good idea. Is there … available to run the computer program through?
Boss: I think Bill could handle that. Let me know if … can be delivered in time, if not, we’ll have to put the pressure on.
Assistant: Thank you. I don’t know … else to turn.
Boss: Have you got … else to tell me?
Assistant: No, I don’t think there’s … at all.
XIV. Use the proper prepositions of location and direction:
1. I went … Canada to see my brother. 2. I went to see my brother … Canada. 3. Mr. Brown came … our town … London. 4. We usually meet … pub. 5. Let’s go … he cinema. 6. What is the easiest way to get … Kharkiv? 7. Where do you come …? 8. I want to go … Spain. 9. What time do you go … bed? 10. The best shops are … the city centre. 11. I met Mike … the airport. 12. We arrived … London last Monday. 13. What time did you arrive … the hotel?
XV. Translate the following sentences using the prepositions of location and direction:
1. Как мне добраться до Лондона? 2. Откуда вы? 3. Я ездил в Париж прошлым летом. 4. Я встретил его в Лондоне. 5. Мы приехали в Париж на прошлой неделе. 6. В аэропорт я ехал на машине. 7. Вчера Миша остался дома. Он не ходил на работу. 8. Ани не было вчера в университете. 9 . На острове много гостиниц. 10. Когда вы приехали в отель? 11. Дом, который мы вчера искали, в конце улицы. 12. Напишите свое имя вверху страницы.
Additional task
I. Read the text and find answers to the following questions:
1) Where is Wales situated?
2) Has it always been governed by England?
3) What language is used in the country?
Wales
Wales is the country in the west of Great Britain. It is mainly a mountainous land with a chiefly agricultural economy and an industrial and coal-mining area in the south.
Since 1536, Wales has been governed by England and the heir to the throne of England has the title of Prince of Wales, but Welsh people have strong sense of identity. There is a Welsh National party which wants independence from the United Kingdom. In the towns and villages of North Wales, many people speak English only as a second language. Their first language is Welsh. At the local primary schools children have nearly all their lessons in Welsh. So, the population is bilingual. It is not a problem for children to learn two languages at the same time.
Welsh is an ancient Celtic language, similar to Breton, spoken in Brittany, France. In the 60's Welsh was given equal status with English as an official language and is used in the law courts. Now, only twenty per cent of all Welsh people speak Welsh. The reason is that in the nineteenth century people thought that Welsh language was an uncivilized language and, if you wanted to be successful in life, you had to learn English, the language of the British Empire. At the beginning of the twentieth century, many English and Irish people moved to South Wales to work in the coalmines and steel works. They did not speak Welsh and did not learn Welsh. So, English day by day pushed Welsh away.
II. What is the capital of Wales?
| R | F |
How are citizens of the country called?
| H |
III. Make up sentences with the following words and word combinations:
| Coal-mining | To push away |
| Independence | Local authorities |
| Broadcast | Celtic |
| Chiefly | Equal |
| Sense | Official language |
| Bilingual | To move |
IV. Read and translate two paragraphs about language situation in Wales and try to compare it to the situation in the Ukraine:
In the 1960s and 1970s many English people bought cottages and estate houses in villages in Wales. Most of them did not speak Welsh. Also, English comes into every Welsh home through television; both cable and satellite TV, radio, newspapers, books, etc. There are some Welsh-language TVs and radio stations, but it is not enough.
Local authorities try to reanimate the situation. Some positive things have already done: road signs, documentation are in Welsh language in this area. The future of Welsh is uncertain. The problem is that Welsh has to survive next door to English but we all know very well, English is a very successful language.
V. Read about the capital city and the main ports of Wales and insert proper prepositions:
Cardiff, the modern national capital … Wales, is the largest city … industrial South Wales. It rose to importance … coal mining and iron industries. Today the cargoes it handles, are mainly imports, to be distributed throughout South Wales. On imported grain flour milling developed as well as other food processing. Cardiff has a modern shopping centre. North … Cardiff lie the valleys. These are the heart … the Welsh coal and steel industries.
The main port … Wales today is Milford Hayen (situated … the very south-west) because of its oil tanker traffic. It is one … the leading oil terminals of Britain. Refineries grew up … opposite shores and Milford Hayen became an important refining centre. A pipeline takes petroleum to a refinery near Swansea.
Swansea is an important container port. Caerphilly has one … the biggest castles … Europe, including a famous leaning tower. It was built … the Normans to defend themselves … the Welsh. Swansea and Newport shared coal exports too. However, later they suffered the same decline like Cardiff.
VI. Make up your own dialogues using the following questions about Wales:
a) Is Wales an independent country?
b) When was Wales invaded by the English?
c) Who is given the title of Prince of Wales nowadays?
d) Has Wales got its own flag, culture and language?
e) Is Welsh a young language?
f) How many people speak Welsh?
g) Why did English push Welsh away?
UNIT 4
I. Read and translate the following group of words:
Around the capital, commercial centre, mainly rural, British settlers, strong discrimination, equal civil rights, strong cultural traditions, ballet and opera companies.
II. Translate from English into Russian the following words of the same root:
Commerce – to commerce – commercial – commercialization – to commercialize; modern – modernism – modernist – modernistic – modernity – modernization – modernly; revolution – revolutionary – revolutionist; to divide – divided – divider – dividing – dividual; to settle – settled – settlement – settler – setting; to dominate – dominated – dominating – domination – dominator.
III. Read and translate the text:
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, is still a part of the United Kingdom. It is made up of six countries: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone. One third of the population lives in and around the capital, Belfast.
Belfast is also the most important port and commercial and industrial centre. Belfast is a modern city, a city of the 19th century and of the industrial revolution. Its expansion was rather later than that of most other British industrial cities and it thus avoided some of their worst features. There are a few trim Georgian buildings and one or two houses dating from the 17th century, but the mass of the city’s buildings are late Victorian or belong to the present century. Some parts of the territory, those that are not close to the capital, have remained mainly rural.
The Irish population is divided into two groups: the Protestants and the Catholic. The Protestants are of British origin. They are descendants of British settlers who came to Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries, during and after the Reformation. The Catholics are mostly natives of Ireland.
The Protestants were the majority and dominated the Catholics with strong discrimination. In 1968 the Catholics began the movement for equal civil rights.
The fightings between the two groups of the population continue to this day.
Northern Ireland has a strong cultural tradition: songs, dances, literature and festivals.
It has its own Art Council and there orchestras, theatres, ballet and opera companies.
IV. Words to be learnt:
population – население
origin – происхождение
descendant – потомок
settler – поселенец, переселенец
discrimination – дискриминация
civil rights – гражданские права
Exercises to the text:
I. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
| 1. modern | 1. избегать |
| 2. revolution | 2. принадлежать |
| 3. to avoid | 3. деревенский |
| 4. building | 4. движение |
| 5. to belong | 5. революция |
| 6. important | 6. большинство |
| 7. rural | 7. глава |
| 8. to remain | 8. село |
| 9. majority | 9. современный |
| 10. movement | 10. оставаться |
| 11. важный | |
| 12. строение |
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate article or preposition where necessary:
1. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, is still a part … … United Kingdom.
2. One third … the population lives … and around … capital, Belfast.
3. Belfast is also … most important port and commercial and industrial centre.
4. The Irish population is divided … two groups: the Protestants and the Catholic.
5. The fightings … the two groups of the population continue to this day.
III. Complete the beginning of the following sentences:
1. … a city of the 19th century and of the industrial revolution.
2. … that of most other British industrial cities and it thus avoided some of their worst features.
3. … who came to Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries, during and after the Reformation.
4. … and dominated the Catholics with strong discrimination.
5. … has a strong cultural tradition: songs, dances, literature and festivals.
IV. Answer the following questions:
1. How many countries are there in the Northern Ireland?
2. What is the capital of Northern Ireland?
3. Into what parts is the Irish population divided?
4. Who are the Catholics?
5. Who are the Protestants?
6. Has the Catholic-Protestant problem been solved?
7. Does Northern Ireland have strong cultural traditions?
V. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1. Ольстер – второе название Северной Ирландии.
2. Белфаст является самым важным коммерческим портом.
3. Территории, расположенные вдали от столицы – сельские.
4. Протестанты являются потомками британских поселенцев.
5. Католики в основном уроженцы Ирландии.
6. В стране имела место сильная дискриминация.
7. Борьба между протестантами и католиками продолжается и до сих пор.
8. В Северной Ирландии сохранились свои культурные традиции.
9. Ирландия считается самым чистым местом в мире.
Grammar Material
Present Simple Tense
(Настоящее простое время)
Present Simple совпадает с формой инфинитива (без частицы to) во всех лицах, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, принимающего окончание –s:
e.g. to work – I (we, you, they) work.
She (he, it) works.
Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в настоящем времени (do со всеми лицами, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, с которым употребляется does) и формы инфинитива (без to) смыслового глагола, причем вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.
e.g. Do I work?
Does he work?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в настоящем времени (do, does), частицы not и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без to):
e.g. I do not work.
He does not work.
Если имеется вопросительное слово, то оно стоит на первом месте перед вспомогательным глаголом:
e.g. When does he come?
Вопрос к подлежащему не требует вспомогательного глагола:
e.g. He comes at six. Who comes at six?