Употребление Future Simple Tense

Future Indefinite употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится или будет совершатся в будущем. Это время можно обозначить как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие. Future Simple переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола, как совершенного, так и несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения:

e.g. He will return to Moscow in a few days. - Он вернется в Москву через несколько дней.

Future Simple не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. В этих случаях вместо Future Simple употребляется Present Simple:

e.g. He will send us a telegram as soon as the steamer arrives. - Он отошлет нам телеграмму, как только прибудет пароход.

Modal verbs

Эквиваленты модальных глаголов
Модальные глаголы и их значения	Эквиваленты модальных глаголов	Present	Past	Future
Can могу, умею	to be able to мочь, быть в состоянии	can am is + able to are	could was were + able to	- will be able to
Must должен, обязан, нужно, необходимо	have to приходится, должен be to должен	must have to (has to) am (is, are) to	had to was (were) to	- will have to
May могу, имею разрешение	be allowed to иметь разрешение	may am is + allowed to are	might was were+allowed to	- will be allowed to

(Модальные глаголы)

I. Comment on the use of the Future Simple Tense:

1. He will give me a complete examination tomorrow. 2. Then he will take my blood pressure. 3. Nick will go to the university tomorrow. 4. What present will your mother receive for her next birthday? 5. Will you come to my place next Sunday? 6. Will you read this book next week? 7. They will not take care of the garden next summer. 8. Will your brother go to the exhibition next Sunday? 9. We will not go to the zoo tomorrow. 10. We will go to the country the day after tomorrow.

II. Make the following sentences interrogative then negative:

1. Tomorrow I will go to the university. 2. He will get up very early tomorrow. 3. She will be a technologist of the seafood processing industry. 4. Nick will graduate from the university next year. 5. They will have a meeting tonight. 6. He will get a good job after graduating from the University. 7. You will go to the country at the weekend. 8. We will have an English class tomorrow. 9. All the students will be busy at that moment. 10. You will have to be there in two days.

III. Put the questions to the underlined words:

1. He will have much work to do tomorrow. 2. Next year she will be the second-year student of our University. 3. Next term we will have five exams and several credits. 4. After graduating from the university you will be good specialists of fishing industry. 5. Soon there will be many good laboratories with good equipment in our University.

IV. Open the brackets using the verbs in Future Simple:

1. I (to see) them next Saturday. 2. We (to have) the test in a week. 3. She (to spend) holidays in the country. 4. The journey (to take) three hours. 5. Nick (to graduate) from the university next year. 6. We (not to be) busy in the evening. 7. The weather (not to be) fine on Sunday. 8. Anna (not to get) passport next year. 9. When she (to study) English? 10. How many people (to arrive) today?

V. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the conjunctions:

1. If everything is all right, my son will graduate from college next year. 2. I will not do what you want unless you do your home task. 3. When you leave the room, please, make us a sign, and we will follow you. 4. We will not have dinner until Father comes back from work. 5. As soon as John gets a good job, he will get married and will have a family of his own. 6. Before I go to the evening party, I'll call for you or let you know through the phone. 7. He will always find it hard to communicate with the deaf and dumb unless he has a good knowledge of the sign language. 8. I'll come and see you after I have finished my work, if I finish it at all. 9. Don't leave until Professor Grey is back to give you the necessary instructions.

VI. Open the brackets using verbs in Present Simple or Future Simple:

1. If he (to decide) not to do it, he (to be) right. 2. You (to pass) your exam if you (to work) hard. 3. We (to go) to the country next week if the weather (to be) fine. 4. As soon as we (to know) results, we (to inform) you. 5. Wait for me till I (to return) 6. Of course we (to help) you if we (not be) busy. 7. I (to see) my mother before I (to fly) to London. 8. We (not to send) you the money before we (to leave). 9. If the weather (to be) fine, the plane (to leave) in time. 10. They (to visit) their parents next mo nth if they (to get) letter from them. 11. Jack (to miss) the train if he (not to hurry). 12. She (to finish) her work when she (to be) at the office. 13. They (not to swim) if the water (to be) cold. 14. I (to do) my homework if I (not to be) tired. 15. We often (to watch) TV if the weather (to be) bad.

VII. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Present Simple or Future Simple:

1. Он сделает упражнения по английскому языку, если у него не будет других дел. 2. Если я не помогу ему, он не напишет контрольную работу завтра. 3. Он не пойдёт в библиотеку сегодня вечером. 4. Если он не пойдет в библиотеку, он будет дома. 5. Если мы будем дома завтра, мы посмотрим выступление нашего студенческого клуба по телевизору. 6. Когда он приходит в университет, он снимает шапку. 7. Если она позвонит Вам, попросите её принести мне книгу. 8. Я поеду в Париж на следующей неделе. 9. Перед тем, как я поеду в Париж, я позвоню Вам. 10. Как только он вспоминает выступление нашей команды, он начинает смеяться.

VIII. Comment on the use of the modal verbs:

a) can, could

1. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 2. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she’s looking for. 3. Kate can speak English well. 4. Can you speak Spanish? 5. Could you swim last year? 6. Last year I could not ski, but now I can. 7. Could you tell me how to get to the railway station? 8. Could you help me? 9. Nobody could help me.

b) may, might

1. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 2. May we take notes with a pencil? 3. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 4. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 5. Where have you been, may I ask? 6. He asked if he might bring his sister to the party. 7. Dean said that everybody might take part in the conference. 8. He asked if he might borrow my English book.

c) must

1. Don’t worry! This is not important. – Not important! You must be joking! 2. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 3. You must stop smoking! If you don’t, you’re going to have serious problems with your lungs some day. 4. You must work hard at your English. 5. You must learn the words! 6. Must we learn the rules today? 7. You must not talk at the lessons. 8. Everybody must come to the university in time. 9. You must not make notes in the books.

IX. Fill in the blanks with can (could) or may (might):

1. … I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I … be able to help you. 3. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes … get books there. 4. I … finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me anymore. 5. Only a person who knows the language very well … answer such a question. 6. I … not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 7. Something was wrong with the car: he … not start it. 8. She asked me if she … use my telephone.

X. Translate from Russian into English using can, could or to be able to:

1. Кто может ответить на этот вопрос? 2. Она никогда не может прийти на встречу вовремя. 3. Почему ты не смог выполнить это упражнение? 4. Она умела плавать ещё в прошлом году. 5. Мы будем рады, если сможем помочь Вам. 6. Они смогли посетить все музеи за один день. 7. Когда ты сможешь дать мне свою тетрадь по грамматике? 8. Вы всегда можете пользоваться моим словарем.

XI. Translate from Russian into English using may, might or to be allowed to:

1. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти домой. 2. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой. 3. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем уйти рано сегодня. 4. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам 17 лет. 5. Нам не позволяют разговаривать на уроках. 6. Тебе позволили взять эту книгу? 7. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, тогда ты сделаешь уроки.

XII. Translate from Russian into English using must:

1. Вы не должны опаздывать. 2. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны её терять. 3. Я должен признать, что я неправ. 4. Я должен упорно работать над своим английским. 5. Вы должны внимательно слушать преподавателя на уроке. 6. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 7. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 8. Должно быть, очень трудно выполнять такие упражнения.

XIII. Fill in the blanks using to have to or to be to:

1. The meeting … to begin at five o’clock. Don’t be late. 2. Where … the lecture to take place? – I suppose in the assembly hall. 3. So, our plan is as follows: I … to go to the library and bring the books. You … to look through material here. Later we … to work together. 4. Why didn’t you tell me that I … to buy the books? 5. According to the order of the curator all students of our group … to return the library books before the first of July. 6. If I don’t ring up before six o’clock, then you … to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. 7. I … to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 8. She … to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 9. They decided that she … to send them a telegram every tenth day. 10. You … to learn all new words for the next lesson. 11. Do you know this man? – He … to be our new English lecture.

XIV. Put the following sentences in right order to make the text:

1. I thought: “Wonderful, I may be able to do some shopping at the same time”.

2. I thought I could probably leave early.

3. He answered: “Of course you can”.

4. But, I was surprised, I didn’t have to sign the form.

5. Usually I have to work from 9 am to 6 pm, but the dentist closes at 5 pm.

6. My boss confirmed: “You needn’t sign this time”.

7. So I went to my boss and asked: Please, may I go now?”

8. Then he said: “You will have to make up the time tomorrow!”

9. I asked him: “Must I fill in the time-off form?”

10. I had a terrible toothache, so I thought to myself, I must see the dentist.

Additional task

I. Read the text and find answers to the following questions:

1) In which country is this city located?

2) What is the population of the city?

3) Who was the founder of the city?

Canberra

Canberra is the capital city of Australia. Its population is a little over 330,000. It attracts tourists for unique landscapes, natural and historical monuments, animal world, and the culture of the aboriginal peoples.

In 1908 debates rose about the city to become the Australian capital. The choice had to be made between two largest cities: Sydney and Melbourne. However, it wasn't an easy task to make a choice. As a compromise it was decided to build the third city. This city was named Canberra which in the language of Australia's local people means "meeting place". It was officially established on March 12, 1913. Nowadays Canberrans celebrate the birthday of their city on the third Monday in March.

Canberra is situated in the province of New South Wales, one hundred and fifty kilometers from the east coast and three hundred kilometers away from Sydney, the largest Australian city. Canberra is a planned city built after the design of the famous Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin. Griffin's design was chosen after an international competition for the design of the city was launched, and over a hundred designs were reviewed. The original plan included lots of green spaces, cathedrals, squares, roads, long avenues, and a lake, which was formed in the center of the city by the Molonglo River. In the middle of the lake there is a fountain pushing the water to the height of nearly seventy meters!

The city consists of seven districts as well as of many smaller suburbs. By the way, the main transport highways go around the city and form so called "circles" which make the traffic easier. For its significant areas of natural vegetation Canberra is sometimes called "the Bush City". The trees and plants were brought to Canberra from different countries of the world: there are Russian birches and bird cherry, Canadian pines and Japanese cherry.

II. How are citizens of the city called?

How are citizens of the country called?

III. Make up sentences with the following words and word combinations:

Mayor	City boundaries
Constituency	Neighborhood
Legislative assembly	Satellite towns
Seat of government	Suburbs
Headquarters	Outskirts
Administering body	City skyline
Municipal government	Skyscraper
Unit	Aerial of the city

IV. Learn about sister-cities and write down the country:

Nara, J……………..

Versailles, F……….

Dili, East T…………

V. Make up your own dialogues using the following questions about Australia and Canberra:

a) What is Australia?

b) What is the largest Australian city?

c) Is Canberra a relatively young city?

d) Why is Canberra called “the Bush City”?

e) What unique animals live in Australia?

f) What is the Floriada?

g) Name sister-cities of Canberra?

UNIT 7

I. Read and translate the following group of words:

The second largest country, independent nation, English ancestry, French ancestry, ethnic groups, urban areas, reminder of the population, to be composed of, major problems, indigenous people, to make up, to pay attention.

II. Translate from English into Russian the following words of the same root:

Constitution – to constitute – constitutional – constitutionally – constitutive; government - governmental – governor – to govern – governance – governable; to live - liver – livelihood – livable – lively; to vary – variation – variational – variety - varying; to speak – speaker – speaking – speakingly.

III. Read and translate the text:

CANADA

Canada is the second largest country in the world. About 28 million people live in Canada. Canada is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 territories. Canada is an independent nation.

Canada's people are varied. About 57 % of all Canadians have some English ancestry and about 32 % have some French ancestry. Both English and French are official languages of the country. English is spoken by 60% of population; French is spoken by 23 % of people. French Canadians, most of whom live in the provinces of Quebec, have kept the language and customs of their ancestors. Other large ethnic groups are German, Irish and Scottish people. Native people - American Indians and Eskimos - make up about 2 % of the country's population. 77 % of Canada's people live in cities or towns. Toronto and Montreal are the largest urban areas.

During the 1970s and 1980s the proportion of Asians among the Canadian population increased, and today those who count their ancestry as wholly Asian make up 8 to 10 percent of the population. More than two-thirds of the Asian immigrants live in Ontario or British Columbia. The remainder of the population is composed of people of various ethnic groups, such as German, Italian, Ukrainian, Netherlands Dutch, Scandinavian, Polish, Hungarian, Greek, and Native American. Blacks have never constituted a major segment of the Canadian population. Indigenous people make up nearly 2 percent of Canada's inhabitants.

Today, maintaining a sense of community is one of the major problems in Canada because of differences among the provinces and territories. Many Canadians in western and eastern parts of the country feel that the federal government does not pay enough attention to their problems. 80 % of Quebec's population are French Canadians. Many of them believe that their province should receive a special recognition in the Canadian constitution.

IV. Words to be learnt:

population – население

ancestry – происхождение

custom – обычай

urban – городской

to maintain – сохранять

recognition - признание

Lexical Exercises:

I. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:

1. nation	1. увеличивать
2. to keep	2. почти
3. native	3. конституция
4. to increase	4. смысл
5. nearly	5. нация
6. to constitute	6. чувство
7. sense	7. держать
8. to believe	8. верить
9. attention	9. составлять
10. to receive	10. коренной
	11. получать
	12. внимание

II. Use the proper preposition where necessary:

1. … 28 million people live … Canada.

2. English is spoken … 60% of population; French is spoken … 23 % of people.

3. … the 1970s and 1980s the proportion of Asians … the Canadian population increased, and today those who count their ancestry as wholly Asian make up 8 to 10 percent … the population.

4. Many … them believe that their province should receive a special recognition … the Canadian constitution.

5. Blacks have never constituted a major segment … the Canadian population.

III. Complete the beginning of the following sentences:

1. … are official languages of the country.

2. … have kept the language and customs of their ancestors.

3. … make up about 2 % of the country's population.

4. … such as German, Italian, Ukrainian, Netherlands Dutch, Scandinavian, Polish, Hungarian, Greek, and Native American.

5. … feel that the federal government does not pay enough attention to their problems.

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. How many people live in Canada?

2. What are the official languages in Canada?

3. How many people speak English?