В дополнительных придаточных предложениях после глагола “to wish”
В структуре сложноподчиненного предложения действует следующая закономерность:
| ЗАПОМНИ В случае перевода с русского на английский конструкции “Жаль, что я (не) …” мы руководствуемся правилом: если в подчиненном предложении в русском языке утвердительная форма, то в английском должна быть отрицательная и наоборот. Жаль что я пришел. — I wish I hadn’t come. Жаль что я не пришел. — I wish I had come. |
1) Если действия, выраженные в придаточном предложении, происходят одновременно с действиями в главном, то в придаточном предложении используется Past Simple.
| I wish (that) I knew about it. | Как бы я хотел знать (мне бы хотелось знать, жаль что я не знаю) об этом. |
2) Если действие, выраженные в подчиненном предложении, предшествует действию в главном (сожаление о прошлых событиях), то в придаточном предложении используется Past Perfect.
| I wish(ed)I had known about it yesterday. | Мне бы хотелось, чтобы я знал об этом вчера. (Жаль, что я не знал об этом вчера) |
3) Если действие, выраженное в придаточном, относится к будущему и о нем заранее сожалеют.
| I wish she wouldn’t come. I wish I wouldn’t help you. | Жаль, что она придет. (Как бы я хотел, чтобы она не пришла.) Жаль, что не смогу тебе помочь. (Как бы я хотел тебе помочь.) |
2. В обстоятельственных предложениях сравнения и сложных сказуемых, вводимых при помощи as though, as if.
| She looked as if he were ill. It looks as though he had known about it long ago. | Он выглядел больным. Похоже он знал об этом уже давно. |
3. В предложениях после выражений it is (was) time (пора) / it is (was) high time (давно пора) smb did smth.
| It is (was) time you went home. It is (was) high time you learned this poem. | Тебе пора (было) идти домой. Давно пора тебе (было) учить этот стих. |
Ту же мысль можно предать с помощью конструкции it is (was) time (пора) / it is (was) high time (давно пора) for you to do smth.
| It’s time for you to think of the future. It’s time for us to go to bed. | Тебе пора подумать о будущем. Нам пора идти спать. |
В предложениях после выражений if only / but for (если бы только не) — для выражения сожаления.
В придаточном предложении: If (only) smb did (II тип) / smb had done (III тип)
В главном предложении: But for this / существительное smb would do (II тип) / smb would have done (III тип)
| If only I knew her address! If I were rich and beautiful! If only you hadn’t gone there! But for her poor health she would be my best pupil. But for her illness she would have joined us yesterday. | Если бы я знал ее адрес! Если бы я была богата и красива! Если бы я только не ходил туда! Если бы не ее слабое здоровье, она была бы моей лучшей ученицей. Если бы не ее болезнь, она бы присоединилась к нам вчера. |
5. В предложениях с конструкциями:
a) smb. had better (not) do = smb.’d better (not) do
Эта конструкция выражает предпочтение (когда человек говорит о себе) или совет.
| I’d better not stay here. You’d better not stay here. | Мне лучше не оставаться здесь. Тебе лучше не оставаться здесь. |
б) smb. would rather do = smb.’d rather do
Эта конструкция выражает только предпочтение.
| I’d rather stay at home. | Я бы предпочел остаться дома. |
Если говорящий предпочитает, чтобы кто-то другой сделал что-то, то используется конструкция smb. would rather smb. else did (not) do.
| I’d rather she stayed at home. | Я бы предпочел, чтобы она осталась дома. |
| ЗАПОМНИ В Американском варианте английского языка (American English), а иногда и в Британском варианте (British English) should опускается. |
с) …that smb. (should) do
Эта конструкция используется в придаточных предложениях, когда мы хотим сказать, что что-то важно, необходимо и желательно сделать после глаголов: to order — приказывать, to insist — настаивать, to suggest — советовать, to recommend — рекомендовать и прилагательных: important — важный, necessary — необходимый, desirable — желательный, vital — жизненно важный, advisable — желательный, целесообразный.
| I insist that she (should) stay at home. It’s necessary that you (should) stay at home. | Я настаиваю на том, чтобы она оставалась дома. Необходимо, чтобы вы остались дома. |
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЯ
ВСТАВКА 1
THE NOUN
A.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Many small ……. (house) were destroyed.
2. It is autumn, and the ……. (leaf) are falling.
3. There were two important ……. (news).
4. Why are there three ……. (pyjamas)?
5. Several ……. (child) got lost in the forest.
6. I’ve got only two ……. (luggage).
7. There were four serious car ……. (crash) this weekend.
8. He can give you lots of important ……. (information).
9. Lots of ……. (person) were unhappy about it.
10. How many ……. (toast) do you want?
11. Let me give you a few ……. (advice).
12. He’s only five ……. (month) old and he’s already got two ……. (tooth).
B. Correct the mistakes in plural forms of the nouns.
1. I see two kangaroo on the TV screen. 2. Little childs are very sweet but sometimes they are very naughty. 3. Fruits is useful for kids and adult. 4. A dark-haired men is going along the platform. 5. Have you ever seen a deer? Rather! Deers are very kind. 6. Some woman talk all the time. 7. Susan eats strawberrys every day. 8. Husbands and wifes often like the same music, the same filmes and the same dishes. 9. My girl-friend and I like this delicious apples-pie very much. 10. Your new jeanses and rucksack are cool! 11. Be a good girl! Don’t throw your moneys around!
C. Open the brackets.
1. Are these ……. pens? (the children)
2. Are you ……. daughter?(Al)
3. Here’s ……. address. (my parents)
4. What’s ……. number? (the Wilsons)
5. Carol and Alice are sisters. That’s ……. father. (Carol and Alice)
THE ARTICLE
A. Use the appropriate form of the indefinite article.
Dog; umbrella; apple; dandelion; hospital; hour; camera; actor; person; animal; letter; car; interest; answer; message; word; chair; expression; absence; bear; bone; cake; eye; horse; island; lady; jug; notice; queen; cloud.
B. Complete the sentences by putting in a or theif required. Leave the gap empty if nothing is required. (Note that the following words in this exercise are uncountable nouns: music, fuel, education, fish, food, coffee, exercise.)
1. It was a nice day, so we had ..... lunch in ....... garden of my house.
2. I'm just going to ......., shops. I'll be back in a few minutes*
3. We phoned for ...... taxi to take us to ...... airport.
4. I like listening to ....... music, when I come home.
5. Without ....... fuel, ....... cars don't work.
6. John was at home. He was reading ........ magazine in ......... living room.
7. His parents believe that ......... education is a very important thing.
8. Jane doesn't like ......... fish; she never eats it.
9. After........ dinner, I washed ..........plates and glasses.
1U. Did you like ......... food at .......... party yesterday?
11. Where’s ........... coffee? It's in ......... cupboard next to .........sink.
С. Complete the sentences by putting the articles where it is required.
1. «Hamlet» is .......very good book. 2. «Kodak» is.......very nice cinema. 3. «Hilton» is.......very good hotel. 4. «Covent Garden» is.......very old theatre in London. 5. «Pretty woman» is.......very nice film. 6. Coppola is.......very good film director. 7. My sister's.......eyes are blue, .......her hair is blond. 8. Is your.......friend going to invite you to ....... party? 9. Are they having........lunch now? 10. She is going to have.......dinner at ....... home tonight. 11. My friends are at .......theatre now. 12. What day is it today? Today it is ....... Monday. 13. Who is sitting at.......table? 14. Will you buy.......sandwich for me! 15. Will you look at.......map! 16. Are you going to have lunch at........office? 17. Are they going to have ...... lunch at.......work? 18. Is he going to have breakfast in.......bed? 19. Are you busy at.......college?
D. Complete the sentences by putting the articles where it is required.
1. Lucy's mother is ..... very beautiful woman. She is.....TV journalist. 2. Lucy's father is.....very nice man. He is ........lawyer. 3. He always goes to ...... work by ..... car. 4. Lucy goes.....home on.....foot. 5. Lucy has ..... brother....... brother is only 6 years old. 6. He likes to listen to......music. 7. Do you often speak on .... phone to.....friends? 8. In.....evening our friends like to play.....tennis in .... park. 9. Do you usually have......dinner with your parents? 10. Do you usually have.....tea or..... coffee for......lunch at ......office? 11. Will you close .....door, please! I am going to play......violin. 12. Why don't you always go to......London by ..... plane? 13. Our chief often asks......secretary to send.....fax to.....Dublin.....secretary is usually very busy. She listens to ..... radio or watches ..... TV at.... office, and she asks.....colleague to send.....fax to.....Dublin. ..... colleague usually plays......computer games together with .... net-friend. In .... evening ....chief asks; «What is about .....fax to.....Dublin?» ..... secretary answers: «.... fax to.....Dublin? Maybe, it is.....there!»
ВСТАВКА 2