Select products with the least wasteful packaging.

Buy, sell or donate used goods such as clothes, furniture and appliances.

7. Be creative-look for opportunities to reduce trash!

INCINERATION

Warm up.

What ways of waste disposal do you know?

Waste

Incineration recycling reuse decomposition

1.Read and learn the following new words:

· incineration · get rid of · dioxin · sulfur dioxide · damage · liver · digestive tract · cancer · ash · contaminate · species · outstrip · absorb · reuse · recycling

· сжигание мусора · избавиться · диоксин · сернистый ангидрит · наносить вред · печень · пищеварительный тракт · рак · зола, пепел · загрязнять, заражать · вид (виды) · опережать, обгонять · поглощать · вторично использовать · переработка

Read the text and translate it into Russian

1) The alternative to landfills is the incineration of the waste. In many countries the amount of the incinerated waste is growing and-new incinerators are planned to be built. Some people say that these plants will not only help to get rid of the waste, but will produce energy. But the amount of energy produced by the incinerators is rather small and the air pollution is very large.

2) Air pollution from waste incinerators includes dioxins, heavy metals (such as lead and mercury) and sulfur dioxide. Dioxines are extremely toxic compounds. They fall on fields over the wide area beyond the incinerator, where domestic, ani­mals eat plants contaminated by them. The dioxines stick firmly to animal fat, particularly to the milk fat and to the fatty parts of the meat. Since these toxic compounds do not break down, the animals act as dioxine concentrators. Their fat and milk are the major sources of dioxines for humans. Dioxine damages the immune and nervous systems, especially in children, liver and digestive tract. It also causes birth defects and cancer.

3) But toxic air pollution is not the only problem. Incineration reduces 90 percent of solid waste volume, but 10 percent remains as ash which is extremely toxic. It is much more hazardous than the larger volume of waste before the incineration. The burning concentrates some of the most toxic ingredients, such as heavy metals. Most of the ash is landfilled and toxic compounds released from it contaminate the soil and. water supply.

4)In nature all species produce waste, but the waste of one species becomes useful raw material for another. Because the humans have grown both in number and in their power to modify the world, they have begun to create waste that far outstrips the capacity of the nature to absorb or reuse it. As a result people have to find effective ways to recycle their own waste. But recycling alone will not solve the problem- humankind must drastically reduce the amount of waste it produces.

UNIT IX

INDOOR POLLUTION

WARM UP

Have you ever heard the expression “indoor pollution”? How do you understand it?