Измените предложения, используя глаголы в скобках и конструкцию Complex Object

1. “Could you explain the difference between Constitutional Law and Administrative Law?” he asked me. (want)
2. We heard that something heavy fell on the floor. (hear)
3. My lawyer said that I shouldn’t say anything to the police. (advise)
4. At first I didn’t want to apply for this job but my friends persuaded me. (get)
5. The judge said that the defence counsel could start cross-examination. (let)
6. We thought they would deliver the goods in time. (expect)
7. The child noticed that the man had stolen his father’s wallet. (notice)
8. I don’t know who can force him to testify against his friend. (make)
9. “Don’t forget to file an application,” the lawyer told me. (remind)
10. “Could you tell me what the insurance of goods involves?” she asked me. (want)

Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя конструкцию Complex Object.

1. Преподаватель попросил студента перечислить все элементы состава преступления.
2. Никто не ожидал, что Государственная Дума не примет этот закон.
3. Адвокат убедил присяжных принять во внимание (take into account) все обстоятельства этого дела.
4. Мы не хотим, чтобы эти люди строили свои отношения на принципе подчинения сильнейшему.
5. Сторона защиты ожидала, что суд согласится освободить подозреваемого под залог (release on bail).
6. Мистер Гейт очень опытный юрист, он научит вас, как правильно подать ходатайство.
7. Она услышала, как кто-то постучал в дверь. Ей принесли повестку в суд.
8. Необходимо изучить все обстоятельства, которые могли заставить их совершить подобные преступления.
9. Правительство хотело, чтобы обычные граждане изучили этот законопроект и внесли свои предложения, прежде чем Государственная Дума примет его.
10. Никто не видел, как он покинул здание суда. Возможно, он воспользовался другим выходом.

UNIT 5. LAW IN PRACTICE

TEXT 5

Прочитайте текст без словаря. Озаглавьте его. Сформулируйте основную мысль текста в одном-двух предложениях.

Active Vocabulary

National law/ domestic law/ municipal law –внутреннее /внутригосударственное право

Enforcement of law –принудительное применение закона

Binding agreement – соглашение, имеющее обязательную юридическую силу

To enforce obligations – обеспечить исполнение обязательств

To admit priority – признавать приоритет

To constitute an integral part – являться неотъемлемой частью

Rules stipulated by the law –правила, предусмотренный законом

Incompatible with treaty provisions –несовместимый с положениями международного договора

The jurists of all countries admit that it is necessary to differentiate between international law and national law. The latter is also called domestic law or municipal law. Domestic law is the law which is applicable within the boundaries of one state. International law is the body of legal rules that regulate relations between sovereign states. It is a special system which is not a part of the national law of the state.

There are some important differences between international law and domestic law. Domestic laws are passed by legislative bodies, most of which have popular political support. International laws, on the other hand, are created by agreements between governments of different states. As a result, they don’t have the support from individual citizens. Enforcement of international laws is also different. Many international agreements or treaties are not binding; even when nations agree to be bound, it is unclear how obligations to be enforced. Sometimes, especially at the time of conflicts, the enforcement is provided by great powers.

Countries differ greatly with regard to the importance attached to international obligations. Some states consider international obligations superior to their domestic laws, but in most cases international obligation are considered as a part of national law.

The Russian Federation has admitted the priority of international law over national law especially when it comes to human rights and individual freedoms. The 1993 Constitution has confirmed the trend in Russian practice of giving a prominent place to international legal standards in the domestic legal setting. One of the principal aims of the Constitution is to clarify the status of international law in the Russia domestic system of law.

The Constitution contains a special clause on the relationship between international law and the Russian domestic law. Article 15 provides that the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and the international treaties of the Russian Federation shall constitute an integral part of its system of law. It also states that if an international treaty of the Russian Federation establishes other rules than those stipulated by the law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply. Two principal features of this article must be pointed out. Firstly, it states that international law is part of the Russian domestic system of law. Secondly, it establishes a higher normative status for treaties than for domestic laws. Consequently, legal regulations within Russia do not apply if their application is incompatible with treaty provisions.

The Constitution also includes Article 17 which provides that human rights in Russia are recognized and ensured according to the generally recognized principles and norms of international law. Thus every citizen of the Russian Federation in case of violation of their basic rights and freedoms has a right to apply to one of the international organizations for example to the European Court of Human Rights.

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. Domestic law is another name for national law, isn’t it?
2. What are the differences between domestic law and international law?
3. How do countries consider international obligations?
4. What is the attitude of the Russian Federation to international law?
5. Which articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation mention international law? What exactly do they say?

3. Определите, справедливы ли данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. National law is the body of legal rules that regulate relations between citizens of sovereign states.
2. Domestic laws are passed by legislative bodies or created by agreements between governments.
3. Most international agreements are not binding.
4. Most states consider their domestic laws to be superior to international obligations.
5. The Constitution of the Russian Federation contains a special clause on the relationship between international law and the Russian domestic law.
6. If legal regulations within Russia contradict the provisions of international treaties the regulations of national law must be applied.
7. Human rights in Russia are ensured according to the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.