General(Yes/No) questions and short answers.
3. Ask and answer the questions using the words: sometimes, usually, often, always, as a rule, every day,etc. Work in pairs. Give short and full answers.
Model: Do you like classical music? - Yes, I do. I like it very much.
Does he speak French? - No, he doesn't. He doesn't speak French at all.
| Do | we you they | (often) | like to listen to birds in a forest? |
| look at the stars in the sky? | |||
| go for a walk in the park? | |||
| prefer to travel by plane? | |||
| Does | he she it | book tickets in advance? | |
| reserve accommodation at a hotel? | |||
| go on business to England? | |||
| like quiz programs? | |||
| rain cats and dogs here? | |||
| take long to get to the university? | |||
| sleep with the window open? | |||
| take a cold shower in the morning? |
4. What would you say in these situations? Give possible answers.
1. You want to know if Ann plays tennis. Ask her.
2. You need to know if the train arrives on time. Ask your friend.
3. You want to know if the train stops at this station. Ask the conductor.
4. You want to know if your friend enjoys spending his holidays in Scotland. Ask him.
5. You are wondering if Mike and Bill go camping every summer. Ask them.
6. You expect that this sportsman wins prices at all competitions. Ask your neighbour.
7. You want to know if your friend remembers to bring the photos. Ask him.
8. You expect that your sister's son works hard at school. Ask her.
9. You wonder if your sister waits for her son after the lessons every day. Ask him.
10. You want to know if it often snows in England. Ask your teacher.
5. Ask special "Wh"- questions for additional information.
| Model: | Question word | Auxiliary | Subject | Verb |
| Where | do | people | meet? | |
| How | does | the radio | work? | |
| What books | you | like to read? | ||
| What kind of | they | get from | ||
| information | books? | |||
| Questions to the subject and its attribute | Who knows the answer to this question? Whose children study at private schools? What helps you to survive difficulties in your life? |
1. The U.K. exports industrial goods almost to all parts of the world.
2. In Wales many people speak Welsh, not English, in daily life.
3. We read novels to enjoy leisure hours, but recreation reading is not only pleasant but also useful in many ways.
4. When adults begin to learn a foreign language, problems often arise.
5. Walking five miles a day makes him strong and healthy.
6. A good teacher needs some of the gifts of a good actor.
7. Research work involves an ability to observe individual facts and draw conclusions.
8. Renaissance means "a new birth", "a revival". Thus we call the time of the great revival of art and learning which covers the 15* and 16th centuries.
9. This period marks the transition from medieval to the modern art.
10. Many Americans consider two religious holidays Easter and Christmas as the most important celebrations of the year.
11. On New Year' Day people often promise themselves to overcome their bad habits and welcome the idea of making a new start in life.
12. The Americans celebrate the Thanksgiving Holiday on the third Thursday of November in memory of the first English settlers in the seventeenth century. This holiday recalls America's early history.
5. You are visiting your grandmother after your returning front England. She can't hear very well, and she sometimes gets confused. Complete her questions.
1. In Britain children sometimes go to a Pardon? Where
nursery school when they are two or ... three years old.
| 2. In Britain education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years of age. | Really? From what age . . . | |
| 3. Secondary education begins at the age of about eleven. | Oh! What education ... | |
| 4. The academic year begins in September. | Pardon? When . . | |
| 5. Most children in Britain go to state schools. | I'm sorry? What schools ... | |
| 6. Some parents pay to send their children to a private school. | Oh, and why ... | |
| 7. The government and local education authorities maintain state schools. | Do they? What . . . | |
| 8. Many children choose to remain at school for another two or three years after 16 to take higher exams. | Oh! But why ... | |
| 9. University courses normally last three years. | Pardon? How long . . . | |
| 10. After three years of studies the students receive their first degree. It's Bachelor's Degree. | I'm sorry? What … | |
| 11 . British universities are famous for their tutorial system of education. | What's that? What ...? | |
| 12. Most students receive grants that help them pay university and living expenses. | Is it true? What . How many ...? How much ...? | |
| 7. Ask and answer disjunctive (tag) questions. Work in pairs. | ||
| Develop your answers using the words in brackets. | ||
| Model: | ||
| Negative tags generally suppose the answer will be Yes. Positive tags generally suppose the answer will be No. | a) Your train leaves at four, doesn't it? - Yes, it does. It leaves at 4 o'clock, it doesn't leave at 5. | |
| b) You don't know the answer, do you? - No, I don't. I don't know the an- swer, but Bill knows it. | ||
1. The teacher always gives instructions in English (Rus sian).
2. Your father doesn't smoke cigarettes after dinner (cigar)
3. They don't stay in London for their summer holidays (go to Italy).
4. I often work overtime this month because I want to save up for buying a new car (a house).
5. She doesn't go skiing in France in winter (stay at home).
6. Sam, my neighbor, usually goes fishing at the weekend (buy fresh fish).
7. As a rule she drinks black coffee in the morning (tea).
8. Mrs Bell usually has meals at home (eat out).
9. As a rule Mr Smith gets out at Piccadilly and walks to his office (Trafalgar Square).
10. It takes him ten minutes to get to his work (half an hour).
11. She comes form Scotland (England).
12. You often phone your parents (not write).
13. Once a month she goes to the library to borrow books for writing her thesis (have a lot of books).
8. Put alternative questions to the statements given above (Ex. 7) and give answers:
Model: Does your sister live in London or Edinburgh? - She lives in London.
9. Put indirect questions to the sentences, using the model. Pay particular attention to the word order.
Model: How often do trains to Edinburgh run? Do you know? Do you know how often trains to Edinburgh run?
1. When does the 9.30 from King's Cross arrive? Do you know ...?
2. Is the 9.30 a very busy train? Can you find out ...?
3. Is it necessary to reserve a seat? Could you inquire for me ...?
4. What's the price of a first class ticket? Will you ask ...?
5. Does the 9.30 stop in Newcastle? I wonder ....
6. How long is a return ticket valid for? I'd like to know ... .
7. Which platform does the 9.30 leave from? Can you find out for me ...?
8- Do the trains usually arrive on time? Would you inquire ...?
9. How much does a weekend-return to Edinburgh cost? ] wonder ....
10. When do the new train timetables come out? I'd like to know ....
11. Is there a 9.30 train on Sundays? I want to know ....
12. When does the next train for Edinburgh leave? I wonder ....
13. Half a million people pass through the station dail>. Could you tell me ... .
14. They usually spend Christmas in New York. Do you happen to know ....
15. In Britain the bride usually arrives at the church with itt father. I wonder ....
If / When clauses (when I come ...,if he comes ..., as soon as she comes ... , before she comes ..., until she comes ..., etc.)
10. Use the proper form of the verb:
1. She'll come and see you before she (leave) for London.
2. We won't move from here until you (come) back.
3. Don't worry. You'll know her when you (see) her.
4. I don't think he will phone before he (arrive).
5. You won't forget to lock up the house before you (go) out, will you?
6. You'll go out when the rain (stop).
7. As soon as he (save) £ 10,000, he will retire from business.
8. After the game (be) over, let's go home together.
9. I shall not speak to him until you (introduce) us to each other.
10. Your electricity will be cut off until you (pay) the bill.
11. Profiteers will continue to make lots of money while th • war (last).
12. We shall try to persuade him not to do it before it (be) to late.
13. If the plane (arrive) after the fog (clear), it will be able i land here.
14. I shan't know whether I've passed or not till I (see) th results printed in the paper.
11a. Suggest у'our idea of completing the sentences.
Model: You won't make mistakes if you read the instruction.
1. I will send for the doctor as soon as ....
2. I'll refuse to work overtime if ... .
3. You'll understand everything if ... .
4. She will ruin her eyes if ....
5. You will miss your train if ... .
6. He will succeed when ....
7. Your flowers will grow better if ... .
8. He will get a better job if ... .
9. You will catch cold unless ....
10. He will go to the seaside as soon as ....
11. What will you do when ...?
12. I'll stay here till ....
13. The plane won't take off till ....
14. We'll go sightseeing as soon as ....
11 b. Make up your sentences, using the following word-combinations:
Model: If he / she shouts at me, /'// do nothing at all.
When you get into trouble, I will help you.
1. let me down
2. catch cold
3. play cards
4. give up the job
5. apply for the job
6. sell a car
7. buy a dog
8. hire a car
9. send a telegram
10. complain to the manager
11. emigrate abroad
12. lay the carpet
13. accept the invitation
14. need the advice
12. Two days before their holiday, Helen and Bill are talking about Majorca. Helen is reading through the brochures and the program which they have received from the travel bureau. Here's the itinerary for their first day! Bill is asking Helen questions about the program.
Study the program, then ask Bill's questions and give
Helen's answers.
Saturday, 22nd June
9.00 Departure from Gatwick Airport Flight Nr. DS 607 (Check-in time at least one hour before departure)
11.30 Arrival in Palma
12.00 Transfer Bus to Hotel
12.30 Arrival at Hotel Excelsior
13.00 Buffet Lunch
18.00 Meeting with Guide and Welcome Cocktail in Hotel
Lobby
19.00 Dinner
20.30 Coach departure for Excursion "Palma by Night"; visit to
Nightclub "La Paloma" with display of Flamenco Dancing
01.00 Return to Hotel
13. Express solidarity, using So I Neither (Nor) am (do, have) I.
Model: They like to travel by car (I). So do I.
She doesn't often go on business (he). Neither does he.
1. Heathrow Airport in London is very large. (Luton Airport)
2. Mr Green usually makes reservation for flights in advance. (Mr Brown)
3. We usually check in for the flights, (all passengers)
4. He usually arrives at the airport an hour in advance, (she)
5. While travelling by plane, I never take much luggage, (my friend)
6. I don't hear the announcement of our flight, (we)
7. The plane for Moscow doesn't leave on time, (the plane for Sochi)
8. When travelling abroad, I usually go through passport control, (everybody)
9. Your passport is in order, (hers)
10. When leaving the country, you go through the customs, (all passengers)
11. I haven't got anything to declare, (my friend)
12. One block of cigarettes is duty-free, (personal things)
13. Mr White often goes on business to the U.S. (Mr Smith)
14. He doesn't like to travel by train, (his wife)
14. Use the correct form of the verbs:
1. In spite of poor health my uncle still (manage) to enjoy life. He always (spend) his holiday by the sea.
2. Even though they (not, speak) the language, they are getting on very well working in China.
3. Even though she (not, study) very hard, she usually (do) well in exams.
4. Although she (not, have got) a job, she is not determined to get depressed. She (hope) for the best.
5. In spite of her young age, my sister (play) tennis very well.
6. If you (not, stop) interrupting the speaker, I'll ask you to leave.
7. You (think) you will be doing anything interesting in five years time? -1 (believe) so.
8. She (hope) she will be earning a lot of money in a year's time. She (irritate) people by talking about it all the time. - She always (keep) her word.
9. I (not, like) him. He's one of those people who only (talk) and (talk) but (do) nothing.
10. A lot of people nowadays (consider) fox-hunting to be very cruel and (think) that bears (be) gentle animals but they can be quite aggressive.
11. I (not, think) that the hunting of wild animals can be justified in any way.
12. How you (get on) with your parents, brothers and sisters? Who or what (encourage) heart-to-heart talk in your family?
13. A family Sunday dinner (symbolize) our importance to one another in good times and bad. It (serve) as touchstone that (help) family-members gather to share week's news and plan for future. You (agree) with me?
14. I think story-telling (be) valuable for problem solving. It often (provide) an easy path to any complex issue. What you (think) about it?
15. Cuckoos (not build) their nests. They (use) the nests of other birds. You (know) about it?
16. Don't be afraid of our dogs. They (bark), but always (not, bite). - Who they usually (bite)?
17. I propose to change everything in our life. - A good idea. But Man (propose), God (dispose).
18. I wonder what a teacher (do) most of his life? - He (teach) us to solve problems right, how to count, to read and write.
19. I'd like to know what lawyer's work (deal) with? - He (see) that people (obey) the laws of the country and (punish) those who (violate) them.
20. Who (cure) the ill and old and (look after) patients in hospitals? - Doctors and nurses (do) this work. - What profession you (advise) me to choose?
21. In Japan a boy (begin) to study seriously as soon as he (start) going to school, because if he (not, pass) all his exams, he (not to be able to) go to a good school. If he (not, go) to a good school, he can't go to a good university - and so he (not, get) the job that he (need). Work (play) a very important role in Japan. A Japanese (say), "I (belong) to my company", not "I (work) for my company".
22. In China before the man (propose) to the woman, his family (ask) the professional matchmaker to send a present from them to the bride's family. Checking of horoscopes (be) one of the stages of the traditional Chinese wedding. If the matchmaker (prove) that the horoscope (say) that the signs (be) good for the young people, the two families (ask) the gods for their help. Before starting the celebration, the groom's family (pay) the bride's family for losing a daughter.
15. Translate into English:
1. Ты иногда ездишь на работу на машине, не так ли?
- Да. но машина принадлежит отцу, а он не хочет давать её мне каждый день, так как обычно пользуется ею сам, когда едет к врачу или на работу.
2. Я знаю, что этот молодой человек очень хорошо говорит по-английски. Ты знаешь его? - Да, он друг моей сестры. Он звонит ей каждый день, а иногда приезжает к нам домой. Он говорит на четырёх иностранных языках и советует сестре уехать в Канаду, когда она закончит университет. - Откуда он?
- Он из Канады.
3. Отец, вот письмо для тебя. - Никто никогда не пишет мне писем. Всё, что я получаю, - это счета, которые оплачиваю регулярно. Интересно, чьё это письмо?
4. Что говорится в письме? - Мой племянник, сын младшего брата, приглашает нас на свадьбу.
5. В большинстве стран ребёнок идёт в школу в шесть лет и учится в начальной школе около пяти лет. Затем он переходит в среднюю школу. В 17 или 18 лет он сдаёт экзамены и, если сдаёт их хорошо и хочет получить высшее образование, продолжает учёбу в университете.
6. Мой старший брат никогда не пишет нам, поэтому я никогда не знаю, что он делает. Иногда он звонит и говорит, что жизнь его идёт своим чередом и нам нечего о нём беспокоиться.
7. Мне нравятся субботние вечера в нашей семье. Вся семья собирается, как правило, вместе. Мама готовит что-либо вкусное, я помогаю ей. Отец с братом играют в шахматы, а затем мы ужинаем и обсуждаем все проблемы вместе.
8. Мой брат говорит, что люди, которые должны ему деньги, всегда забывают об этом, но те, которым он должен, всегда это помнят. Он сам никогда не забывает возвращать свои долги.
9. Я в новом костюме. Как он тебе нравится? - Костюм прекрасно на тебе "сидит" и цвет подходит Сколько он стоит? - Я не знаю. Это подарок.
10. Если хотите получить непредвзятое мнение, вам лучше спросить мою сестру. Она всегда говорит го что думает, хотя это часто раздражает людей. Человек хочет правдивого ответа, но, как правило, ждет, что вы скажете то, что он хочет.
11. Вы не возражаете, если я задам вам вопрос? - Это зависит от вопроса. - Он касается вашего брата. - Я отказываюсь отвечать на такие вопросы.
12. Когда отправляется ваш поезд? - Он уходит через 20 минут. - Давайте возьмём такси, если не хотите опоздать.
13. Странно, но мой кот не ест рыбу, поэтому я всегда покупаю мясо для него. - Где твой кот спит? - Как правило, он спит на коврике в кресле. А у тебя есть какое-либо домашнее животное? - Нет. Я не думаю, что квартира - это подходящее место для животных.
16. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Develop your answers by using conversational phrases.
| Agreement |
| That's quite right. Sure. That's true. I think so. I agree. I'm of the same opinion. Certainly. It goes without saying. I hope so. No doubt about it. |
| Disagreement |
| Surely not. I'm not sure about it. On the contrary. No way! You are mistaken. That's wrong. I differ from you. I disagree with you. I'm afraid not. Are you joking? I don't think so. |
1. Nature tells us many interesting and useful things when
we observe it carefully.
2. A man who suffers from rheumatism feels pain before the
weather changes for the worse.
3. The halo around the moon precedes ram, snow or nasty windy weather.
4. The smell of flowers in the gardens and in the parks becomes very strong before it rains.
5. Birds don't like to fly before the storm and they fly lower than usual before it rains.
6. Domestic animals - cattle and horses - bunch together when a storm is approaching.
7. Flowers fold up as the rain draws near.
8. We feel more like working when the weather is nasty / fine.
9. Students who go in for sports have little time to study. As a rule they lag behind their group and get poor marks.
10. Books are our best friends, they accumulate and spread knowledge.
11. It's important to teach students to use reference books.
12. Smoking is harmful, it destroys our health.
13. Living in the country is more convenient than living in town.
14. You never cross the street with the red light on.
17. Act out the conversations. Describe the situations where these conversations may take place.
1.
Russ: Honey, why are you so sad? (Janet says nothing.)
Russ: Honey, why are you so unhappy? I don't understand.
Janet: You don't love me, Russ!
Russ: But, honey, I love you very much.
Janet: That's untrue. You love my cousin, Sunny. You think she's lovely and I'm ugly.
Russ: Janet, just once last month I took Sunny out for lunch. You mustn't worry. I like your company much better than Sunny's.
Janet: Oh, shut up, Russ.
Russ: But, honey, I think you're wonderful.
2.
Mr Harries: Do you speak other languages besides English?
The Waitress: Oh, yes, sir. I speak German and French and the dialects.
Mr H.: Which do you like best?
The W.: They are all very much the same, sir. I can't say I like one better than another.
(E. Hemingway. Homage to Switzerland.)
3.
Anna Cornelia: How long does it take to make one of those pictures, Vincent?
Vincent: That depends, Mother. Some canvases take a few days, some a few years.
AC.: A few years! Oh, my! Can you draw people so that it looks like them?
V.: Well, I don't know. I have some sketches upstairs. I'll show them to you.
AC.: I'm fixing your favorite cheesecake, Vincent. Do you remember?
V.: Do I remember! Oh, Mother!
AC.: Is it good to be home with your mother?
V.: Yes, sweetheart.
(I. Stone. Lust for Life )
4.
Anselmo: ... The gypsies believe the bear to be a brother of a man.
Robert Jordan: So do Indians in America. And when they kill a bear they apologize to him and ask his pardon...
A.: The gypsies believe the bear to be a brother to man because he has the same body beneath his hide, because he drinks bear, because he enjoys music and because he likes to dance.
R.: So also believe the Indians.
(E. Hemingway. For Whom the Bell Tolls.)
18. Read and translate the text. Explain the title of the text in your own words.
Eating out
My sister Helen is a terrible cook. She often tells us that she tries hard but it's no use. She has got a lot of cookery books, she chooses a recipe, she wants to cook, she prepares all the necessary ingredients and follows the instructions. But the result is terrible and she just has a sandwich or some other quick snack.
So Helen often eats out. She doesn't like great restaurants. It's not the expense, it's just that she doesn't feel at ease in them. First the waiter gives a menu which she doesn't understand because it's complicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end of the meal when she pays the bill she never knows how much to leave as a tip. She prefers fast food places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And she likes take-away places, where you buy a meal in special container and take it home.
Task:
1. Ask and answer all possible questions on the text. Work in pairs.
2. Retell the text as it is.
3. Speak about your favorite dish and describe the process of cooking it.
4. What can you say about Helen's sister?
19. Use the proper form of the verbs.
She is used to it
Every morning Mrs Green (come) downstairs into the kitchen. First she (do) the washing-up from the previous day. She (turn) on the cold tap, and (fill) the kettle. When the water (boil), she (make) tea into the teapot and also (make) some toast. She (pour) the tea into a mug. She (not use) a cup and saucer. She (put) some breakfast cereal into a bowl, and (take) a Jug of milk from the fridge. She (put) some sugar in her tea with a teaspoon and (stir) it. Then she puts everything on a tray and (carry) it upstairs. After breakfast in bed she (go) back to sleep. She is used to getting up late.
Discuss:
1. How you spend your mornings on weekdays and on Sundays.
2. Ask your friend about his evenings on weekdays and on holidays.
20. Open the brackets using the proper tense form. Retell the text.
The Happiest Person
The happiest person in Britain today (be) a professional married man between the age of 35 and 54. He (live) in the south of England but not in London. He (own) a comfortable, detached house and (have) two children. John Smith is one of them.
What he (do)?
John Smith (have) a steady job in an office in London. He (be) an interior designer. He (decorate) people's houses and (give) them ideas for furniture and lighting. After a hard day at work he (relax) in front of the television or (watch) a video. He (not, go) out every evening but two evenings a week he (meet) friends for a drink in the local pub. He (own) a pet, it is a dog and he (take) it for a walk every day after work. He (spend) on overage £ 120 per week.
Where he (go)?
At the weekend, John regularly (eat) in restaurants, (go) to see shows and (play) a sport usually golf. Most weekends he (put) on a pair of old blue jeans and (potter) in the garden. He usually (go) on holiday abroad more than once a year.
What his wife (do)?
His wife Helen, (be) happy too, but not quite as happy. She (run) the home and (have) a job, but she (not, earn) as much as her husband.
Task:
1. Say what you think of the ever-lasting discussion about happiness.
2. What is your idea of a happy person?
21. Fill in the blanks in the conversation below, using the correct form.
At the Weekend
Tom: I (hate) spending the whole weekend at home. Let's go out.
Lucy: Where you (want) to go?
Tom: Why (not we go) to the film club? Most weekends it (show) good films.
Lucy: I (not feel) like seeing a film toning. But look – the newspaper (say) that Abe Compit, the jazz pianist, is giving a concert tonight. I (know) you (like) jazz. Why (not we go) to that?
Tom: To be honest, his playing (not appeal) to me much.
Lucy: Well, why you (not go) to the film on your own? It (not matter) to me if I (stay) at home and watch TV for once.
Tom: Let's better (go) and see your sister, if you (like). We haven't seen her for ages.
Lucy: That's a good idea. She's lonely where she (live) now. She (stay) at home all the time. The buses (not go) to that part of town, and she (not get out) at all.
Discuss: a) Your weekends in summer, b) Your weekends in winter.
22. Read the text and describe Christmas celebrations in Britain.
Christmas
British people love traditions. Those linked to Christmas are many and varied: greeting cards, decorated trees, carol singing, and Christmas fare are still important elements of the festive season. More significant for children is Santa Claus, or Father Christmas, who, on Christmas Eve, brings presents to fill "stockings" hung at the end of the bed.
Christmas is a time when families gather together and churches hold joyful services to celebrate the day when Jesus was born. In memory of this, as well as of many other traditions, we give each other presents. The first Christmas trees date from the time of the German Apostle St. Boniface, who replaced the sacred oak of the pagans with a fir tree, decorated and lighted with candles. When Queen Victoria married Prince Albert, he introduced this custom into England.
It is traditional to decorate the houses at Christmas with evergreens: holly, ivy and mistletoe. There is a saying that if the holly has lots of berries it will be a cold, hard winter.
Most families decorate their houses with brightly-colored paper and they usually have a Christmas tree in the corner of the front room, glittering with coloured lights and decorations. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning.
Later in the afternoon they may watch the Queen on television as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.
Every year Norway sends Britain a huge Christmas tree, as thanks for wartime help. It stands in Trafalgar Square from mid-December, when the Ambassador of Norway switches on the lights. Carols are sung around it every evening until Christmas. On New Year's Eve people go to Trafalgar Square to hear the midnight chimes of Big Ben.
Discuss:
1. Christmas celebration in your family.
2. Your favourite holiday in a year and the way you celebrate it.
23. Read the text. Point out the passages you agree with. Prove your reasons.
Books on the Screen
Until the 20th century literature existed only on the pages of books or the stage. Today it also exists on billions of screens all over the world. Thanks to TV and films, in fact, literature today has more viewers than readers. The question is ... do the hundreds of screen adaptations made every year have a good or bad effect on literature itself. Let's look at the pros and cons[7]. A novel or a play reaches a huge new audience when it is adopted for the screen. Surely the main point of storytelling is communication, so if more people enjoy a story by seeing it in a visual form, what's wrong with that?
B. A successful screen adaptation helps to promote the original book and increase its sales. Often, in fact, recently filmed or televised books (even nineteenth century classics) become bestsellers all over again.
Pictures make stories more vivid and lifelike. Screen adaptations give books a whole new realistic dimension and make stories where the language is complex and old-fashioned much easier for modern readers to understand. After all, we live in a visual culture where relatively few people actually buy books. To put it bluntly, literature needs TV and films far more than TV and films need literature.
C. People lead busy lives these days. They don't want to spend a week reading a novel when they can watch the film version in two hours. It's a question of convenience. The main point about screen adaptations is that they increase choice. Nobody forces you to watch screen adaptations if you don't want.
D. Reading a book and watching a screen are two completely different experiences. Reading is active. Your mind works and creates images. Watching is passive. You just sit and this is all work you do. When you are reading, a book becomes a part of your life for a week or two - however long it takes to read. With a film or TV series you don't have the freedom to stop and think for five minutes before you carry on.
E. Screen adaptations are never as subtle and complex as the books or plays they are based on. Characters are cut out, screen removed... that's because time is always a key issue, especially for film-makers, as they always try to fit the story into two hours. Books can tell you what characters are thinking, film and TV series can't. They use dialogues. F. Adaptation suits books with a very dynamic plot and a strong visual element, but it doesn't suit more complex literary fiction. There are vital differences, in other words, between a novel and a script. Adaptations turn a certain number of novels into bestsellers, but what about the hundreds of other books, excellent books, which people ignore because nobody has filmed them. Discuss: Your favourite books and their screen versions.
24. Give Russian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in the short situations of your own.
1. A good beginning makes good ending.
2. The heart that once truly loves never forgets.
3. After rain comes fair weather.
4. All is well that ends well.
5. The appetite comes with eating.
6. Barking dogs seldom bite.
7. Beauty lies in lover's eyes.
8. Catch the bear before you sell his skin.
9. Clothes do not make a man.
10. Dogs do not eat dogs.
11. The end justifies the means.
12. Man proposes, God disposes.
The Past Indefinite
The form of the Past Indefinite is the same for all persons.
1. Regular verbs add -ed or -d to the base form. In the affirmative:
play - played [d]
help - helped [t]
invite - invited [id]
2. Irregular verbs have a special (the 2nd) form:
come - came go - went
cut - cut do - did
Interrogative and negative forms are formed with did and did not (didn't) and bare infinitive.
| Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative | |||
| I | worked went | Did | I | work? go? | I |
| He/she | he | He | |||
| It | she | She did not work | |||
| We | it | It did not go | |||
| You | we | We | |||
| They | you | You | |||
| they | They |
NOTE: For giving emphasis with positive statements in the past did is added to the first form.
I did know about it yesterday.
Я в самом деле знал об этом вчера.
The Past Indefinite is used:
I. to express a finished action in the past with time references: yesterday, ago, last year, in 1990, last months, etc.
He lived in London some years ago.
She worked in that bank for three years (but she doesn't work there now).
2. to express actions which follow each other in a story.
He came in, took off his coat and opened the window to air the room.
3. to express past habits or regular events.
She got up at 7 every morning to go to work. She always carried an umbrella in her handbag.
Spelling Rules:
a) verbs ending in e add only d: like - \iked
b) when у follows a consonant change у to i + ed: cry - cried
Used to and would + Infinitive
You use used to + infinitive to talk about past habits, routines and states which do not happen any more.
They used to live in England, but they moved in 1995.
Now they live in the USA.
My uncle used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.
Now he doesn 't smoke at all.
She used to like cooking when she was younger.
The interrogative and negative forms:
-Did he use to smoke when he was a student?
- No, he didn 't use to smoke at that time but now he is a heavy smoker.
You use would + infinitive to talk about habits and routines in the past, but not about states.
The match would always take place on Saturday evenings.
NOTE: be/get used to + noun/ V-ing form
This structure is totally different from used to/would + infinitive.
It expresses an action that was difficult or unusual before but it is no longer so.
I'm used to getting up early. Я привык вставать рано.
Practice
1. Read the text and analyze the tenses.
Yesterday I saw an accident. It took place not far from my house. The van crashed into the car. It all happened very quickly. The car came straight out of the side road and the van went into the back of it. The van driver didn't have a chance. It was the car driver's fault as he didn't look to his right and the car didn't stop in time. I called the police and they arrived very quickly.
Answer the following questions:
Yes/No questions Did you see an accident yesterday?
Did it take place far from your house?
Wh - questions Why didn't the car stop?
Where did the accident take place?
Where did the car come out of?
Subject questions What crashed into the car?
Who called the police?
Whose van crashed into the car?
Alternative questions Did the van go into the back or front of the car?
Did you call the police or leave the place without doing it?
Tag questions It all happened very quickly, didn't it?
The car driver didn't look to his right, did he?
Indirect questions I wonder why the van driver didn't have a chance to stop?
I'd like to know if the police arrived quickly?
3. Ask and answer the questions according to the model. Use the words: yesterday, last week, some days ago, etc.
Model:
- Did Jane solve this problem yesterday?
- Yes. It was she who solved this problem yesterday.
- Did she pay all the bills?
- No, she didn't. It was I who paid all the bills some days ago.
За. Your friend has come from holiday. You ask him about it.
Write your questions.
Model: (when/come back) - When did you come back?
1. (where/have a rest?)
2. (go/alone?)
3. (food good?)
4. (where/stay?)
5. (how long/stay there?)
6. (how/travel?)
7. (break off the engagement?)
8. (the weather/fine?)
9. (what/do/in the evening?)
10. (how often/go to a dance?)
11. (meet anybody interesting?)
12. (enjoy/your holiday?)
13. (swim/in the sea?)
14. (how/get home?)
3b. Put subject questions to the sentences given below.
Model:
| What...? What people ...? Who...? Whose advice . . . ? | What happened to him yesterday? What people inhabited England before Christ? Who discovered the law of gravitation? Whose advice helped you to recover? |
1. We accepted your suggestion of taking part in the discussion.
2. They booked these seats for you.
3. The manager signed this lease in the morning.
4. We arrived at the station on time.
5. I heard this news a few days ago.
6. The journalists interviewed the candidates to Parliament.
7. The engineers tested a new model of a washing machine.
8. He applied for the job but failed to get it.
9. Bill broke his bicycle and his brother repaired it for him.
10. The passengers complained about the delay.
11. She taught English at school and liked her work very much.
12. Mrs Brown grew flowers in her garden and often presented them to her friends.
13. They understood everything but said nothing.
14. Mr Black sent his children to France to study art.
15. Our neighbor bought this house and moved in yesterday.
16. Many famous people got their education at Oxford and Cambridge.
17. My watch stopped some days ago and nobody managed to repair it.
18. My sister's son took part in the TV show yesterday.
19. Mrs Green's dog ran away some years ago. She looked for it everywhere but didn't find it and decided to buy another one.
4. Fill in the blanks with the correct tag questions.
An Interrogation
(Speakers: Police Detective and O'Brien)
- You are John Patrick O'Brien, ... ?
- Yes, I am.
- You're 36, ...?
- Yes, that's right. It was my birthday yesterday.
- You sell used cars, ...?
- Yes, I do. And other things.
- You live on Staten Island, ...?
- Yes, I do. I live in New Dorp.
- You went to the races at Belmont yesterday, ...?
- That's right.
- You weren't alone, ...?
- No, I wasn't. I was with my - uh - friend, Bobbie Chase.
- But you're married, ... O'Brien?
- Yes, but I haven't seen my wife for three years.
- I see. You left your apartment at eleven o'clock, ...?
- Yes, about eleven.
- You were in your Corvette, ... ?
- Yes, I was.
- You had lunch at a Chinese restaurant, ... ?
- No, we didn't. We had lunch at a fast food place.
- You don't remember the name of the place, ...?
- No, I'm afraid I don't.
- You got to Belmont racetrack in time for the first race, ...?
- Yes, correct.
- You, won $ 100,000, ...?
- I can't remember exactly how much.
- There was $ 10,000 in your apartment, ... ?
- Really? You counted it. I didn't.
- You don't know where Bobbie Chase is now, ...?
- No, I'm not her husband.
— But you left her in midtown Manhattan because she wanted to buy some clothes, ...?
- Yes, that's right.
- It's interesting, ... O'Brien? You've bought yourself a very, very expensive car.
- What do you mean?
5. Read the texts and say what you used to do, where you used to go in your childhood.