Emergency, juncture, contingency, pinch, crisis

Emergency 1) a) an unforeseen or sudden occurrence, esp. of a danger demanding immediate remedy or action (непредвиденный случай, крайняя необходимость, крайность): ready for all emergencies – готовый ко всем неожиданностям; in case of emergency – в случае крайней необходимости; on emergency – на крайний случай; to save for an emergency – приберегать на крайний случай b) as modifier an emergency exit 2) a) a patient requiring urgent treatment b) as modifier an emergency ward – палата неотложной помощи 3) критическое положение, авария, военное положение, чрезвычайное положение (the state of emergency – чрезвычайное положение; to cause / create emergency – приводить к аварии; to declare an emergency – объявлять чрезвычайное положение; grave / serious emergency – серьёзная авария; life-and-death emergency – вопрос жизни и смерти; life-threatening emergency – смертельная опасность; national emergency – национальная катастрофа); implies a sudden or unforeseen juncture that necessitates immediate action to avoid disaster; the term is strong in its suggestion of extreme difficulty

it was a special provision . . . to meet a present emergency, and nothing more

a presence of mind which no emergency can perturb

emergency measures – экстренные меры

emergency powers – чрезвычайные полномочия

emergency fund – чрезвычайный фонд

How will disabled people escape in an emergency?

Is the emergency exit suitable for wheelchairs?

How violent must the rioting become before the government declares a state of emergency (= gives itself special powers to help deal with a dangerous situation)?

The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing on Lake Geneva.

The emergency services are the fire brigade, the police, the coastguard, and the ambulance service.

If she hadn't made that emergency stop that child would've been killed for sure (if you make an emergency stop in your car or another vehicle you stop suddenly to avoid hitting someone or something).

Juncture a particular point in time, esp. a critical one, often in the phrase at this juncture – при таком стечении обстоятельств; при наблюдаемом положении дел (сложное стечение обстоятельств, сложившаяся (критическая) ситуация), emphasizes the significant concurrence or convergence of events and usually indicates a discernible turning point

we may now be at a vital juncture where the ideals of liberalism can best be achieved through separate institutions and not the omnicompetent state

the Church of England is at the present juncture the one church upon which the duty of working towards reunion most devolves—

in the present critical juncture of things – при критическом в данный момент положении дел

At this juncture, it is impossible to say whether she will make a full recovery from her illness.

We are at an important juncture in the negotiations.

Contingency something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems or making further plans and arrangements necessary (случайность, случай; непредвиденное обстоятельство) is used of a prospective event or concurrence of events that is fortuitous and is uncertain in respect to either or both the time and the fact of occurrence but that, if it should come to pass, would constitute an exigency or emergency

having thus devised a plan for use in a contingency, Calhoun sought in various ways to prevent the contingency from coming

every citizen must have a stake in his country adequate to justify in his eyes the sacrifices that any contingency may entail

to be dug out now and then in the winter is a contingency the mail driver reckons as part of his daily life

an unforeseen contingency – непредвиденное обстоятельство, непредвиденный поворот событий

to provide for every contingency – предусмотреть все возможные случайности

a contingency arises – возникают непредвиденные обстоятельства

You must be able to deal with all possible contingencies.

Have you made any contingency plans (arrangements)?

Pinch крайняя нужда; стеснённое положение; трудности, неприятности, невзгоды (used for juncture in personal affairs), suggests pressure and the need for action but without the same intensity as emergency; it is particularly appropriate for use of a juncture in personal affairs

I could always in a pinch pawn my microscope for three pounds

ready in a pinch to ride roughshod over opposition

this—the great pinch of his life

at a pinch, if it comes to the pinch – в случае нужды, в крайнем случае

Just put the pinch on him! – Просто надави на него!

At a pinch/in a pinch (при крайней необходимости) means if it is really necessary, although it is not perfect or what one would really like (I need £2000 to set up the project, but I suppose £1500 would do at a pinch)

pinch of poverty – тиски нужды

pinch pennies – экономия на каждой копейке

Crisis (кризис; поворотный пункт, перелом; кризис, криз (переломный момент в ходе болезни)) 1) a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something, esp. in a sequence of events or a disease 2) an unstable period, esp. one of extreme trouble or danger in politics, economics, etc. 3) (pathology) a sudden change, for better or worse, in the course of a disease; applies to a juncture or pass whose outcome will make a decisive difference, for good or ill, in a life or a history or a disease. The term usually connotes suspense, but need not imply either evil in the situation or a particular outcome.

the pneumonia patient has passed the crisis

Tiberius gave one million pounds out of his own pocket to relieve the agrarian crisis of A.D.

Father finally . . . brought the matter to a crisis. He said, after all, the boy had a right to choose—

her adolescence had passed without the trace of a religious crisis

Crisis care centre, crisis conditions, crisis combusted, crisis talks

There is a crisis in education/Education is in crisis because of recent spending cuts.

If there is a cash/energy/housing crisis, there is a severe lack of cash/energy/housing.

I've got a family crisis on my hands – my 16-year-old sister has got pregnant.

The company is facing a crisis over (= caused by) demands for higher pay.

A mediator has been called in to resolve/solve the crisis.

A crisis during a serious illness is a moment when there is the possibility of suddenly getting either a lot better or a lot worse.

He's passed the crisis – the fever's started to go down.

If you have a crisis in/of confidence, you lose confidence.

With inflation at 500%, the country faces a crisis of confidence.