IV. Read the text again and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations

1) влияние инженерных решений

2) современные проблемы

3) решать проблемы

4) технологические инструменты

5) программное обеспечение

6) профессиональное мнение

7) управлять ресурсами

Text D

FIVE NECESSARY SKILLS FOR ENGINEERS’ CAREER SUCCESS

In the day-to-day work of engineers and technical specialists, soft skills are as important as technical skills. These skills, or emotional intelligence, are often not learned in school and enable professionals to navigate smoothly and effectively through a wide variety of social and professional situations with a wide variety of people. Such skills include communication, cooperation, creativity, leadership, and organization. A mid – 2012 study showed that soft skills topped the list of must-haves for employers, with 98 percent of them saying communication skills are essential and 92 percent teamwork skills. Following are five key soft skills that engineers and other professionals should develop for career success.

Soft Skill 1: Communication

While speaking, writing, and listening are everyday actions, many professionals underestimate the importance of communication skills. Engineers tend to prioritize technical skills over communication skills, not realizing that they cannot be fully effective in their jobs if they are inadequate speakers, writers, and listeners. Yet it is particularly in the engineering fields that effective communication skills are necessary for success. It is believed that communication skills – such as business writing, technical writing, public speaking, and presentation preparation – are necessary for success as engineers work in and among more varied groups. Effective communication involves listening, which is itself an essential soft skill. Without actively listening to customers, clients, or project partners, problem-solving becomes much more difficult and time-consuming.

Soft Skill 2: Creativity

Creativity is the driving force behind innovation and therefore increasingly gaining recognition as the new capital in uncertain and challenging economic times. Organizations often depend on big ideas and creative employees to develop innovative products and services. Every engineer’s core mission is to try to improve the utility of things, to design products or processes that will solve problems better, faster and cheaper. This mission would rarely be achieved if not for engineers’ ways of thinking, which often lead to problem-solving opportunities. In the engineering fields, creativity can be as valuable to solving a problem as the technical skills to identify and troubleshoot the source of the problem. As such, creative thinking is a soft skill that engineers, scientists, and others should cultivate in order to become invaluable members of their organizations.

Soft Skill 3: Adaptability

Having the ability to identify solutions to unforeseen problems requires being able to modify and adjust accordingly to the environment and situation. This flexibility is one of the soft skills that increasingly more employers look for in employees. The way professionals demonstrate their adaptability is by showing they are able to think on their feet, assess problems, and find solutions. The ability to develop a well-thought-out solution within a given time is a skill that employers value greatly. At the same time, today’s tech frontier is rapidly reshaping industries, which means that organizations often must implement change internally to keep up. Here, adaptability also means a willingness to face the unexpected.

Soft Skill 4: Collaboration

It is known that teams increasingly dominate solo authors in knowledge production. The days of single-inventor innovations have been replaced with team research across nearly all fields. Whether you call it cooperation, collaboration, or teamwork, an engineer’s ability to work with other people from different backgrounds is essential.

Soft Skill 5: Leadership

Leadership, in and of itself, is not one skill but the integration of a variety of skills. By its very nature, leading people is about successfully interacting with them and convincing them to follow. This makes leadership a key soft skill for professionals. In an engineering context, leadership incorporates a number of capabilities which are critical in order to function at a professional level. These capabilities include the ability to assess risk and take initiative, the willingness to make decisions in the face of uncertainty, a sense of urgency and the will to deliver on time in the face of obstacles, resourcefulness and flexibility, trust and loyalty in a team setting, and the ability to relate to others. Leadership skills are also important to allow engineers later in their careers to help develop and communicate vision for the future and to help shape public policy. These leadership capabilities are essential for the professional practice of engineering and for the protection of public health, safety and welfare.

Discussion. How would you answer the questions.

1. Prove the fact that «effective communication skills are necessary for success of engineers».

2. Why is creativity gaining recognition nowadays?

3. What is the core mission of every engineer?

4. What does the word «adaptability» mean?

5. Prove the fact that «the days of single – inventor innovation have been replaced with team research». Give examples.

6. What capabilities does leadership incorporate?

Text E

WHAT SKILLS ARE ENGINEERING EMPLOYERS LOOKING FOR?

With around 1in 10 university graduates embarking upon a career in engineering each year, it's important that you are aware of the necessary skills and qualities that engineering employers are looking for to give yourself a competitive advantage over the other candidates. One of the beauties of working in this industry is that there are a wide range of jobs available to suit all types of personalities and levels of expertise. Some positions demand a high level of academic achievement, some relying more on technical expertise. Incorporated engineers and engineering technicians need to have a high level of attention to detail, reasoning ability, the skills and knowhow to make things happen and strength of character to manage others. On the other hand craft workers and operators will need basic mathematical ability, resilience, patience and of course, manual skills. Regardless of the role in which you will be working, there are a common set of intangible skills that employers look for across all engineering disciplines:

· Effective communication skills – with an increase in the documentation and instructions that engineers use in the workplace, clear and concise communication is a requirement.

· Interpersonal skills – you need to know how to effectively work as part of a team and work with customers to identify needs and provide solutions.

· Technical knowledge – whatever technical expertise is vital to your job, you need to understand how to apply this to solving practical problems.

· Organizational skills – being able to prioritise tasks, manage your time effectively and resource planning are key skills for engineers.

· Enthusiasm and commitment – learning new skills is part of every engineer's role, so you need to be adept at assimilating a lot of new information.

More importantly, employers are looking for evidence that you take an active interest in and have an understanding of the engineering industry. Furthermore, that you have the motivation, drive and ambition to make an impact within their company.

Unit III

SCIENCE AND SCIENTIST

Text A