Couldn't weren't allowed to were forbidden to 2 страница

2. Is the style of the passage serious or humorous? Do you think the writer approves or disapproves of the student's behaviour?

3. Discuss the text. Find unusual pieces of advice. Do you think you should or shouldn 't follow such pieces of advice.

4. Work in pairs. What advice would you give to someone in your country who wanted to make a stylish impression, about:

1. the arrival 3. ritual greetings

2. the entrance 4. table manners

You must arrive in a Porsche.

5. Give your pieces of advice in how to do the following things in style.

a. travel to Venice

b. attract someone's attention

c. entertain important quests

d. spend the weekend

e. go shopping

f. give a party

Model: You should take the Orient Express and you must dress in clothes from the thirties.

6. Give some advice to visitors to your country about clothing, accessories and behaviour in the following situations.

- in an office - in church - on the beach

- at weekends - at school

- in a bar - at a dinner party

You are not supposed to wear jeans in an office.

Reported Speech

Practice

1. Report the following using reporting verbs in the Present Tense beginning with she says ...or she asks.... Then repro­duce the whole story in the reported speech.

One day Ben is at Aunt Ivy's house when the telephone rings. As Aunt Ivy is cooking lunch and can't leave the kitchen. Ben takes the call and tells Aunt Ivy what the caller says. It's Mrs Watkins from the grocery store.

Say what Ben reports, beginning with She says ... or She asks ...

Models:

1. Mrs Watkins: I'm ringing about the shopping list.

Ben: She says she's ringing about the shopping list.

2. Mrs Watkins: Does your aunt want ham or jam?

Ben: She asks whether you want ham or jam!

1. Does she want potatoes or tomatoes?

2. I've sold out of baked beans.

3. I don't know whether the list says a tin of pears or a tin of peas!

4. The chocolate biscuits have gone up 5p a packet. Does she still want them?

5. We haven't got any boxes of chocolates for less than £1!

6. I've only got Danish bacon today, but it's not smoked.

7. There aren't any special offers in cooking oil at the moment!

8. I haven't got any large bottles of gin. Does she want two small ones instead?

2. Report the following using the Past Tense in reported speech. Refer to ex. 1.

Aunt Ivy was too busy to listen exactly to what Ben was re­porting, so over lunch, she asked Ben again what Mrs Watkins had said on the telephone.

Say what Ben reports to Aunt Ivy, this time beginning with She said... or She asked...

Models:

1. Aunt Ivy: What did she say she was ringing for?

Ben: She said she was ringing about your shopping list.

2. Aunt Ivy: What was that about the ham?

Ben: She asked whether you wanted ham or jam!

1. And did she say something about tomatoes?

2. And what was so difficult about the peas?

3. I heard that the chocolate biscuits have gone up again! What did she ask about them?

4. What did she say about my bacon?

5. And what about the oil?

6. Did she say something about gin? She ought to know I don't touch the stuff! Er ... What did she say about it, anyway?

3. Report the following using Future-in-the-Past in reported speech.

Bill is going to a firm's party again. Helen is afraid that he will do things he may regret! Here is their conversation before he goes.

Helen: And don't drink too much this time!

Bill: All right, Helen! I'll only drink a couple of beers. I

promise!

Helen: And do think about your stomach! Go easy on the food!

Bill: I assure you that I won't eat too much, honestly!

Helen: And leave your cigarettes at home, or you'll be smoking

too much!

Bill: I promise that I'll only smoke two or three.

Helen: And for goodness' sake, don't start telling your jokes

again!

Bill: There's nothing wrong with a good joke now and

again! But if you insist, I won't tell them!

Helen: And be careful not to say anything tactless about the

boss's wife, as you usually do!

Bill: OK, I’ll try not to!

Helen: And don't forget to behave yourself properly!

Bill: Of course I won't! I promise!

Helen: And don't come home too late!

Bill: No, I won't. I'll make sure that I'm on the last bus!

Helen: Well, good-bye then! Have a good time!

Model: What did Bill tell/promise/assure Helen that he would or would not do?

He promised Helen that he'd (he would) only drink a couple of beers. (Continue)

4. Report the following using Past Perfect in reported speech.

a) Direct: Past Tense Reported: Past Perfect

Refer to ex. 3.

Here's the conversation between Bill and Helen at the breakfast table on the morning after the firm's party. Helen: Did you have a good time last night?

Bill: No, not particularly. It was rather boring.

Helen: Did you have a good meal?

Bill: I didn't eat as much as last time.

Helen: I hope you didn't smoke too heavily!

Bill: Oh, no! I only had two or three all evening!

Helen: I suppose you made up for it by drinking more!

Bill: Not at all! I didn't drink as much as Stan!

Helen: Were any of the wives there?

Bill: The wives weren't invited.

Helen: What time did you get home? I didn't hear you come in.

Bill: Oh, about half past eleven, I think.

Helen: I hope you didn't talk too much!

Bill: I didn't tell my jokes, if that's what you mean.

Helen: What time did Stan leave?

Bill: We both left at the same time.

Helen meets Stan by chance, and his version of the party is rather different! Helen tells Stan what Bill had told her. Give Helen's corresponding remarks to Stan from the above conver­sation. Beginning with He told me that...

Model: Stan: Has Bill sobered up yet?

Helen: He told me that he hadn't drunk as much as you!

1. We really had a good time at the party last night!

2. Bill really has a healthy appetite!

3. Some of the wives were asking where you were!

4. Where does Bill get all his jokes from?

5. I hope he didn't wake you up in the middle of the night!

6. And tell him not to forget that packet of cigarettes he bor­rowed from me!

b) Direct: Present Perfect Reported: Past Perfect

Sue's mother rings up. Here's the conversation:

Mother: I've been intending to ring you all the week, but your

father's had such a terrible cold!

Sue: Peter's had a cold, as well, and he's been feeling pretty awful with it.

Mother: Have you tried giving him hot lemon drinks with honey?

Sue: The doctor has prescribed him some tablets and cough medicine. He's told Peter to stay indoors for a few days.

Mother: Hmm! Tablets and medicine! No good! Nothing from the doctor has ever done your father any good! I've been wrapping his head up in hot damp towels all the week! He's had vapour rubs, and I've been feeding him on thick porridge and spinach! It's done the trick! Anyway, in view of Peter's cold. I've just de­cided to come and visit you for the weekend! Tell Pe­ter I'll have him cured in no time!

Sue then reports the conversation to Peter, who immediately begins to feel even worse!

Report the conversation, changing pronouns, etc. where necessary and using the reporting phrases She said ... She asked me if/whether ... I told her ..., etc. Omit the last sentence.

Model: That was Mother on the phone. She said she had been intending to ring us all the week, but my Father had had such a terrible cold. (Continue)

5. Indirect speech.

a) Statements.

1. "I have something to show you", I said to her.

2. "Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun", she said.

3. "I'm going away tomorrow, mother", he said.

4. "I have been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the Tower", said Rupert.

5. "It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", I remarked.

6. "The new underpass is being officially opened the day after tomorrow", said the BBC announcer.

7. "We have moved into our new flat. We don't like it nearly so much as our last one", said my aunt.

8. "We have a lift but very often it doesn't work", they said.

9. "From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower", he said.

10. "I have no idea what the time is but I'll dial 8081 and find out", said his daughter.

b) Attention! Some tense forms do not change when direct speech becomes indirect. Use notes from the rule.

Model: "I wish my children would eat vegetables", she said.

She (said she) wished her children would eat vegetables.

1. "I couldn't get into the house because I had lost my key, so I had to break a window", he said.

2. "If the ground is dry on the day of the race, my horse might win", said the owner.

3. "If it rains this afternoon it will be too wet to play the match tomorrow", the captain said.

4. "Bill should do very well at the university, Mrs Smith", said the headmaster, "He's done very well here".

5. "They couldn't open the safe on the spot so they carried it away with them", the night watchman reported.

6. "If you saw my father, you'd recognize him at once. He is the most extraordinary-looking man", she said to me.

7. "I found an old Roman coin in the garden yesterday", he said, "and I'm going to take it to the museum this afternoon".

8. Then Macbeth enters and says, "I have done the deed".

9. "I was intending to do it tomorrow", he said, "but now I don't think I'll be able to!"

10. "I don't think your father likes me", said the young wife. "You mustn't think that", said her husband,

"It is just that he is old and finds it hard to get used to new people".

c) Questions.

1. "Who put salt in my coffee?" he asked.

2. "How can I run in high-heeled shoes?" she enquired.

3. "Whose car did you borrow last night?" I said to him.

4. "What was she wearing when you saw her last?" the po­liceman asked me.

5. "Have you done this sort of work before?" said his new employer.

6. "Is he a scientist or an arts graduate?" Mary asked me.

7. "Are there playing fields near the school?" the parents asked the headmaster.

8. "Are you sorry for what you did?" the mother asked the little boy.

9. "Why do you think it may be dangerous?" he asked her.

10. "Do you know that the shoes you are wearing aren't a pair?" I asked him.

d) Commands, requests, advice, invitations, offers.

1. "Don't forget to thank Mrs Jones when you are saying good bye to her", said his mother.

2. "Will you help me, please?" she said "I can't reach the top shelf.

3. "This is a horrible room. Why don't you ask for something better?" he said.

4. "Remember to switch off when you've finished", he said.

5. "If the police stop me, what shall I say?" She asked.

6. "Don't drive too fast or the baby '11 be sick", she said to her husband.

7. "Don't touch it. You will only make it worse", he told me.

8. "Don't use bent coins in a slot machine", I warned him.

9. "Wear a wig if you don't want to be recognized", I advised him.

10. "Could you sew on this button for me?" Tom asked Ann. "You'd better sew it on yourself, said Mary. "Buttons sewn on by Ann usually come off the next day".

6. Indirect questions.

Stan has been to the marriage agency and is now telling Bill some of the things they asked him there.

Models:

1. Interviewer to Stan: Stan to Bill:   2. Interviewer to Stan: Stan to Bill:

What are your chief hobbies? They asked me what my chief hobbies were, (or are) Have you travelled abroad much? They asked me if I had travelled abroad much.

1. Have you been married before?

2. What do you consider are the essentials of a good marriage?

3. Do you think you'll make a good husband?

4. Will you be prepared to give up smoking?

5. How often do you go out in the evenings?

6. Will you expect your future wife to work?

7. Can you play a musical instrument?

8. Are you satisfied with your present job?

9. Can you give an indication of your financial standing?

10. Would you mind paying the first instalment of the agency fee?

7. Commands.

Ben is going to do some shopping for Aunt Ivy. She wants him to go to Mrs Watkins' grocery store and tells Ben exactly how she wants things to be, Ben tactlessly repeats these instruc­tions to Mrs Watkins!

Give Ben's conversation with Mrs Watkins! Models:

1.     2.

Aunt Ivy to Ben: Ben to Mrs Watkins:   Aunt Ivy to Ben: Ben to Mrs Watkins:

Feel the bread to see if it's fresh! Aunt Ivy told me to feel the bread to see if it's fresh! Don't let Mrs Watkins give you fatty bacon ! Aunt Ivy told me not to let you give me fatty bacon !

1. Make sure you are not cheated!

2. Don't buy any cheese if it's hard!

3. Be careful that Mrs Watkins doesn't give you last week's eggs!

4. Don't let her give you soft biscuits!

5. Look at the apples carefully before you buy any!

6. Check the change, as Mrs Watkins might not have her glasses on!

8. a) Choose the best verb underlined in the direct speech sen­tence.

1. Helen asked me if I liked visiting old buildings.

"Do you like/Did you like visiting old buildings?" asked Helen.

2. Bill asked Mary if she had done anything the previous weekend.

"Have you done anything/Did you do anything last weekend?"

3. The policeman asked me if the car belonged to me.

"Does this car belong/Did this car belong to you?" asked the policeman.

4. Fiona asked me if I had seen her umbrella anywhere.

"Did you see/Have you seen my umbrella anywhere?" asked Fiona.

5. Joe asked Tina when she would get back. "When will you get/ have you got back?" asked Joe.

6. Eddie asked Steve who he had been to the cinema with. "Who did you go/had you been to the cinema with?" asked Eddie.

7. My parents asked me what time I had got home the night

before.

"What time did you get/have you got home last night?" my parents asked.

8. David asked a passer-by if it was the right road for Has­tings.

"Is this/Was this the right road for Hastings?" asked David.

b) Match each reporting in A with the actual words in B.

A.

1. Jim admitted that he might have taken it.

2. Sue denied that she had taken it.

3. Harry doubted whether he had taken it.

4. Diana explained that she had taken it.

5. Bill insisted he had taken it.

6. Mary suggested that she had taken it.

7. Ted confirmed that he had taken it.

8. Ruth claimed that she had taken it.

9. Charles repeated that he had taken it.

10. Sally reassured us that she had taken it.

B.

a. No, I've definitely taken it.

b. I don't think I took it.

c. Don't worry, I've taken it. It's all right!

d. What about me? Perhaps I took it?

e. OK, perhaps I did take it after all.

f. Yes, I took it, I tell you!

g. Yes, that's quite correct. I took it.

h. No, I certainly didn't take it. I can assure you.

i. You may not believe me, but actually I took it.

j. You see, it's like this I've taken it.

9. Report the following using the verbs suggested + to + infini­tive.

1. "Hurry up". He told me ...

2. "Don't leave the door unlocked". She warned them ...

3. "Would you like to come to my party?" He invited her...

4. "Don't be stupid". She told me ...

5. "You should stop smoking". The doctor advised my brother...

6. "Could you change the light bulb for me?" She asked me ...

7. "Can I do the washing-up?" I offered ...

8. "Don't touch the wire". He warned me ...

9. "Could you speak more slowly?" He asked her ...

10. "Shut the door". She told me ...

11. "Don't touch my camera". He told me ...

12. "I think you should take another English course". My teacher advised me ...

13. "You may use the phone". Mar Jacobson permitted me ...

14. "Make an appointment with the dentist". My mother re­minded me ...

15. "I think you should take a long vacation". My friend en­couraged me ...

16. "Would you like to come to our house for dinner?" The Smiths invited us ...

17. "You should see a doctor about the pain in your knee". My friend advised me ...

18. "Don't buy a used car". Sue advised me...

19. "Take these letters to the post, will you?" The boss asked me ...

70 "Don't shelter under a tree in a thunderstorm". He warned

us ...

21. "Remember to switch off when you've finished". He re­minded his son ...

22. "You must see the exhibition". My friend advised me ...

23. "Shall I buy you some cigarettes?" He offered ...

24. "Answer this letter for me, will you? And remember to keep a copy". He asked me ... and reminded me ...

10. Report the following using different reporting verbs.

a) 1.I... you that you had to be on time. Why are you late?

2. When you ... her if she's work late, what did she ... ?

3.1 think that Alan ... us a lie about his qualifications.

4. When I ... him what he was doing there, he ... me it was

none of my business.

5.1 ... I would help you, so here I am.

6. Did you hear what Sheila ... about her new job.

7. What did Caral ... you about her holiday?

8. There, you see! I... you the bus would be on time.

b) 1. "Why don't we go to the cinema this evening?"

Peter ... going to the cinema/that they went to the cin­ema.

2. "Yes, of course, I'll give you a lift, Helen".

Liz ... to give Helen a lift/that she would give Helen a lift.

3. "I've broken your pen. I'm awfully sorry, Jack". David ... for breaking Jack's pen.

4. "Don't forget to post my letter, will you, Sue?" Diana ... Sue to post her letter.

5. "Let me carry your suit case, John".

6. "All right, it's true, I was nervous".

The leading actor ... to being nervous/that he had been nervous.

7. "I don't think Liverpool will win". Vanessa ... whether Liverpool would win.

8. "If I were you, Bill, I'd buy a mountain bike". Stephen ... Bill to buy a mountain bike.

9. "Don't worry, Martin, I'll bring your book back". Leslie ... to bring Martin's book back/Martin he would bring his book back.

10. "Right, I'll take the brown pair". Andrew ... to take the brown pair.

11. "No, sorry, I don't want to lend you my camera". Alex ... to lend me his camera.

12. "Why don't we go to the cinema this evening?"

Peter ... going to the cinema/that they went to the ci­nema.

13. "I've broken your pen. I'm awfully sorry, Jack". David ... for breaking Jack's pen.

11. Adverbials in reported speech.

Sally bumped into Margaret one day in town. Margaret's part of the conversation was as follows:

Margaret:

"Oh, hello! Haven't seen you for ages! How are things? I'm very busy at the moment, I'm afraid! I'm going to visit my boy­friend's parents next weekend. So I bought a new dress yester­day. I'm not wearing it now, of course! Nigel's parents have invited me to stay with them in Monte Carlo this summer! He just got back from America last week. He flew out for the com­pany six weeks ago. He's thinking of getting himself posted to the States, he doesn't like working here very much, says there's more opportunity in his branch over there than in this country. But I haven't much time now, must be off! I'll ring you up to­morrow for a chat! Bye!"

Margaret didn't ring Sally. A month later, Sally was chat­ting to Jane. Sally told Jane what Margaret had said the last time she's seen her.

Report what Sally tells Jane about Margaret. Change the adverbials where necessary. Statements can be introduced by She said I she told me thatand may be joined by and, but,as, etc. where suitable.

Model: Sally: "The last time I saw Margaret was about a month ago in town. She said she was very busy at the time. She told me she was going to visit her boy­friend's parents the following weekend ..." (Continue)

12. Reporting verbs + that.Put the following conversation into

reported speech, using suitable verbs + that.Use paraphrasing

verbs, omitting redundant phrases where possible.

Peter: I know! Let's go to the cottage for the weekend!

Sue: Yes! That would be a good idea!

Peter: I'll make sure that I take the keys this time! That's a promise!

Sue: But Mother's arranged to come for the weekend!

Peter: Oh, no! But I didn't know about your mother coming!

Sue: Yes, you did! I definitely told you!

Peter: No, you didn't! I swear it!

Sue: Well, anyway, she's coming because we have to discuss something. You see ...

Peter: Well, look, darling, why don't you discuss it with her on the phone?

Sue: Well, yes, I suppose I could have persuaded her not to come ...

Peter: Now listen, I'll ring her up and tell her that we have other plans! It's as simple as that! You must be firm, Sue!

Sue: All right, Peter. What a fine idea!

Five minutes later.

Sue: Well, Peter? Did you speak to Mother?

Peter: Yes, ... she's arriving on the 10.30 train on Saturday! Then she's driving to the cottage with us ... !

Model: Peter suggested to Sue that they might go to the cot­tage for the weekend. (Continue)

13. Reporting verbs without that.Report the following situa­tions, using a verb which paraphrases the original and is (or can be) followed by a construction other than that.

Model: Aunt Ivy said to Lien: "Give you 50p! I never prom­ised anything of the sort!"

Aunt Ivy denied having promised to give Ben 50p.

1. Ben said to Aunt Ivy: "I say, Aunt Ivy, I'm really sorry that I kicked my football through your kitchen window".

2. Aunt Ivy said to Ben: "You kicked the ball at my window deliberately!"

3. Ben said to his father: "Please, Dad, be a sport! You've simple got to lend me your camera for the match on Satur­day! Please!"

4. Ben's father said to him: "All right. I'll lend you the camera on condition that you buy your own film".

5. Aunt Ivy said to Ben: "Be quiet! I don't like being disturbed when I'm reading the newspaper!"

6. Ben's mother said to Ben: "I simply won't let you invite the whole football team to tea!"

7. Ben's father said to Ben: "Just look at the mess in your room! I'll stop your pocket money if you don't tidy it up at once!"

14. Reporting verbs other than say.Put the following conversa­tion between Helen and Bill into reported speech. Then repro­duce it.

Bill: Helen! Where have you put the lottery ticket that I bought in the firm's annual lottery?

Helen: I haven't put it anywhere!

Bill: You must have put it in a drawer or in the writing desk!

Helen: Bill, I haven't even seen it! You don't look after your things properly!

Bill: Well, I ought to have put it in a safer place, I suppose ... But, you see, I'll have to find it because I think I've won the first prize and I won't be able to claim it with­out the ticket!

Helen: Perhaps you put it in your wallet after all!

Bill: Now I remember! I left it in my blue overalls!

Helen: Well, in that case we can say goodbye to the prize, be­cause your lottery ticket's at the cleaner's where I took your overalls on Monday!

15. Choose suitable reporting verbs to fill the blanks in the fol­lowing reported conversation, using a different verb each time. Do not use say and use wherever possible verbs expressing the mood of the speaker. Remember that there are several possibili­ties in some cases but not in others, according to the following construction.

Bill and Helen were going to spend a few days with Helen's sister in Scotland. They arrived late at the station. Bill wasn't very happy with all the luggage he had to carry!

As they clambered out of the taxi, Bill ... to himself that Helen wouldn't wear half the clothes that she'd packed! Helen went on ahead up the platform, ... loudly to Bill that if he didn't hurry they would miss the train! Bill ... that he couldn't possibly walk any faster with two cases, a hold-all, a shopping bag and his fishing equipment! Bill ... that Helen hadn't let him get a porter and Helen ... that it would certainly have been quicker! Bill ... that his back was aching. Just as they were about to get on the train, Bill ... that they ought to have brought the television, as well! Helen ... him that there was no need for sarcastic remarks and ... him to stop being funny! Bill ... that he wasn't being funny at all, but that he'd just realized that he'd left the tickets on top of it!

16. a) Reported speech may not show the tone of direct speech — but an appropriately chosen verb can reflect the tone that was used. How many of the following verbs can you use to fill each of the gaps in these sentences:

1. She ... that she came from Australia.

2. They ... us/me that they were feeling tired.

3. He ... me to lend him some money.

Admit / allow / announce / ask / assure / beg / call out / claim / convince / cry out / deny / encourage / explain / imply / inform / insist / instruct / invite / mention / mumble / mutter / notify / order / permit / persuade / reiterate / repeat / reply / scream / shout / suggest / tell / urge / warn / whisper / yell

b) Work in pairs. Highlight the ten most useful verbs in a), that you don't already use. Then compose five sentences, each including one of the verbs you have chosen.

Compare your sentences with another pair.

17. Work in pairs as Student A and Student B. When you've fi­nished, compare your version with your partner.