Ex.6. Read the text an answers the questions that follow.
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Ex.1. Match:
| 1 reliable-надежный | 2A say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something-высказывать или предполагать то(конкретная вещь),что случится в будущем или будет являться следствием чего-то |
| 2 To predict-предсказывать | 1B consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted-хороший в качествах или представлении,способный вызывать доверие |
| 3 capable-способный | 3C having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing-имеющий способность,готовность или качество сделать или достичь определенной вещи |
| 4 scale-шкала | 5D relate to; be about-относиться к |
| 5 concern-относиться | 4E an instrument for weighing, originally a simple balance (a pair of scales) but now usually a device with an electronic or other internal weighing mechanism - прибор для взвешивания, изначально простого баланса (пару шкал), но теперь, как правило, устройства с электронным или другим внутренним механизмом взвешивания |
Ex.2. Match the places in column A with the computer uses in column B:
| A | B |
| 1 Banks-банки | 2 Control machines-устройства управления |
| 2 Factories-заводы | 3Calculate the bill-рассчитывать законопроект |
| 3 Homes-дома(родина) | 4 Look after patient-заботятся о пациентах |
| 4 Hospitals-больницы | 5 Provide entertainment and information-предоставление информации и развлечений |
| 5 Shops-магазины | 1Control our money-контролируют наши деньги |
Ex.3. Translate:
Into Russian: Applied physics-прикладная физика, generation-производство, scientific research-научные исследования, due to the efforts-благодаря усилиям, manipulation-манипуляция, to replace vacuum tubes-заменить вакуумные трубки, a piece of semiconductor-часть полупроводника, reduced weight-сниженный вес, power consumption-потребляемая мощность, to carry out-осуществлять, solid body-твердое тело, to respond-реагировать, at a rate-со скоростью, integrated circuit (IС)-интегральная схема, batch processing-пекет обработки данных, to assemble-собрать, to lower manufacturing-к снижению производства, to increase reliability-для повышения надежности, Electronics-электроника; electrons-электроны.
Into English: Прикладная физика- Applied physics; передача и прием информации- transmission and reception of information; поток электронов- electron flow; трудно представить- it is hard to imagine; научные исследования- scientific research; промышленное проектирование- industrial engineering; вычислять траекторию космических кораблей- calculate the trajectory of the spacecraft; обнаруживать явления природы- to detect the phenomena of nature; благодаря электронике-due to Electronics; отправная точка- a starting point; способствовать управлению сигналами- promote the management of signals; быстрый рост- fast growth; разнообразие ламп- a variety of lamps; создание первых компьютеров- the creation of the first computers; полностью заменил- completely replaced.
Ex.4. Give the English equivalents of the prepositions and conjunctions in brackets.
1. The energy (для for) a nuclear power plant comes (из from) the heat releases (во during время) fissioning of uranium (в in) a nuclear reactor.
2. There are two main differences (между between) a nuclear power plant a stream-electric power plant. The nuclear power plant uses a nuclear fuel (вместо instead) a fossil fuel, and it uses a reactor (вместо instead) a boiler.
3. (Из-за because of) their high consumption gas turbines are more expensive to operate than stream turbines.
Ex.5. Choose the correct form:
1. One can (reduce, be reduced) heat losses in a transmission line.
2. Heat losses should (reduce, be reduced) constantly and effectively.
3. The output of machinery is steadily being (increasing, increased).
II. Reading
Ex.6. Read the text an answers the questions that follow.
Nuclear Power Plants
The energy for operating a nuclear power plant comes from the heat released during the fissioning of uranium or plutonium atoms is a nuclear reactor. This fission heat is used to generate steam, which drives a turbine generator. Thus, they are two main differences between a nuclear power plant and a stream-electric power plant: The nuclear power plant uses a nuclear fuel instead a fossil fuel, and it uses a reactor instead of a boiler.
The fissioning uranium-235 or plutonium-239 atoms – atoms the primary nuclear fuels – is caused by the impacts of neutrons of these atoms. The fissioning process not only produced heat but also several additional neutrons that can cause fissioning of other uranium-235 or plutonium-239 atoms. Thus, by proper arrangement of the atoms of the fuel, a sustained chain reaction can be maintained to provide a steady source for heat for operating a power plant. This chain reaction is controlled by regulating the number and the energy of the neutrons as they procced from one fission reaction to another.
There are various types of nuclear reactors. The major differences between them are the form of the fuel, the methods for controlling the number and energy of the neutrons, and the type of liquid or gas used to remove the heat from the reactor core.
1. What does the energy come from?
2. What are the major differences between nuclear reactors?
Ex.7. Read the text and entitle it:
Transistors- заголовок
It is well known that the quick development of electronics began with the invention of transistors. They replaced electronic tubes due to their numerous advantages. One of the main advantages of the transistors in comparison with the vacuum tube is absence of filament power loss. One of the principal causes of damages in electronic circuitry is high temperature. The heat causes breakdown of tubes and other circuit elements that are very sensitive to this influence. The transistor, on the other hand, does not heat its surroundings.
Another advantage of the transistor is its long life. The life of the average transistor is more than ten thousand operating hours. Because of its long lifetime and ruggedness, the transistor is very reliable and has much better efficiency in professional equipment.
III. Speaking