Listen to or look through the following text and say what ideas it contains.

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова»

Кафедра иностранных языков

Кумыкова Э.Т., Безрокова М.Б., Бориева М.К., Абрегова А.В.

A STEP TO SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

Part II

Методические указания для проведения самостоятельной работы по английскому языку в магистратуре

Направление подготовки 210100.68«Электроника и наноэлектроника»

Нальчик

УДК 811. 111 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 АНГЛ я73

Ш 15

Рецензент:

кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Кабардино-Балкарского института бизнеса

Шомахова Т.Х.

Составители:

Кумыкова Элина Тугановна, Безрокова Мадина Борисовна, Бориева Мархаба Курманбаевна, Абрегова Алла Владимировна

Издание состоит из десяти уроков, построенных на аутентичных текстах английских и американских изданий и серии упражнений к ним, направленных на развитие навыков извлечения фактической информации и расширения коммуникативной компетенции.

Предназначено для практических занятий и самостоятельной работы магистров специальности «Электроника и наноэлектроника».

Оглавление

UNIT I SCIENCE AND SOCIETY.. 5

TEXT 1. 5

TEXT 2. 9

TEXT 3 Science and Society in the USA.. 11

UNIT II PSYCHOLOGY AS A BRANCH OF SCIENCE.. 13

TEXT 1. What Science Is. 13

TEXT 2 Branches and fields of science. 16

UNIT III MODERN ACHIEVEMENTS IN ELECTRONICS AND NANOELECTRONICS…..19

TEXT 1 19

TEXT 2 21

UNIT IV OUTSTANDING SCIENTISTS IN ELECTRONICS AND NANOELECTRONICS………………………………………………………………………..23

TEXT 1 24

ТЕXТ 2 29

UNIT V ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.. ………………………………..31

TEXT 1 The cloning of humans is justifiable. 31

TEXT 2 Artificial Intelligence. 34

TEXT 3. 38

UNIT VI SPECIAL TEXTS……………….…………………………………………………..39

TEXT 1. 39

TEXT 2. 43

UNIT VII SPECIAL TEXTS. 46

TEXT 1. 46

TEXT 2. 49

UNIT VIII SPECIAL TEXTS. 52

TEXT 1 Is there a gene for genius?. 52

TEXT 2 (continued) 55

UNIT IX SPECIAL TEXTS. 58

TEXT 1 58

TEXT 2 63

UNIT X MY FIRST STEPS IN SCIENCE.. 65

TEXT 1 What is a Master's degree and why is it important?. 65

TEXT 2 Taking a Post-Graduate Course. 67

TEXT 3 My research work. 69

SPEAKING.. 71

I. Field of Science and Research. 71

II. Research Problem.. 72

III. Historical Background of Research Problem.. 73

IV. Current Research. Purpose and Methods. 75

V. Current Research. Results and Conclusion. 77

LIST OF MATERIALS USED.. 80

UNIT I SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

TEXT 1

Listen to or look through the following text and say what ideas it contains.

Can the average person really understand science? Does the average person want to know about science? Does science matter to us? The answer to these questions is a resounding yes!

For many of us, however, the mere memory of physics, chemistry, and biology classes in high school and college makes our eyes glaze over. We left the classroom with the belief that science was dull and abstract and virtually impossible for the average person to understand. Back then, it wasn't cool to understand science, and it seemed to have little immediate relevance to our lives. Yet as we matured and headed into the world, we found ourselves face to face with sophisticated computers at work and frequent headlines about matters of science mapping the human genetic make-up, cloning, test-tube babies, and the August 1996 discovery of the possibility of past life on Mars, to name a few. Suddenly, scientific knowledge has not only become acceptable, it has become a useful, essential, and inescapable part of our lives.

For some of us, our fascination with science began in the 1950's and 1960's, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik or when Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon — striking evidence of man's ability to apply scientific knowledge to accomplish extraordinary goals. For others, all it took to become interested in science was getting out of high school or merely witnessing the unending series of new scientific achievements and inventions that occurred during the 197()'s, 80's, and 90's: the Venus landing, fiber optics, deciphering DNA code, black holes, space stations, microchips and computers, microsurgery, the Space Shuttle, heart transplants, artificial hearts, superconductivity, the discovery of other solar systems, and much more.

You don't have to be a theoretical physicist to be awed by space exploration or curious about whether life exists on Mars or how Universe began. You don't have to be a biochemist to have an interest in the fundamental processes of life. It's impossible not to be curious about such matters. Scientific knowledge and discoveries are much too interesting and profound to be left only to scientists.

Science can be fascinating. Many great discoveries of past have now, in our lifetime, culminated in the most incredible and pervasive scientific and technological revolution that could be imagined. Whether we approve of it or not, we're swept up in that revolution and the resulting culture - unless you live in a cave. Not only is science fascinating, it matters to us because it is our life. They say that whatever road we take, our late is indissolubly bound up with science. It is essential as a matter of simple survival for us to understand science. The more we know science, the better we understand life. It means feeling more comfortable with our everyday lives, and using science and technology to accomplish goals. Science is a part of our culture and heritage. It is of great importance for not merely "ivory tower" intellectuals but for the masses of average people.

Knowledge is our destiny. Homo sapiens will continue to search for the answers to new questions. We will develop new concepts, new theories, and we will continue our quest to understand the natural world. We must continue to discover, create, explore, and invent. We must search for the cure and the life-saving solution, for we are the discoverers, creators, explorers, and inventors. We seek the unknown — the deep, the dark, the never before seen — and we have within us the capacity for ever greater wisdom.

We have come to the future. We have found our place by looking back and understanding history. We are poised to become twenty-first centurions. As one scientist said, "We don't have to look too far to see the future. We can already see it will be magnificent." We have now reached the 15-billion-year journey.