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1. Per convention, the governor general must appoint as prime minister the person who holds the confidence of the House of Commons; in practice, this is typically the leader of the political party that holds more seats than any other party in that chamber.

2. In each of Canada's provinces, the monarch is to be represented by a lieutenant governor, while the territories are not sovereign and thus do not have a viceroy.

3. General elections must be called by the governor general, on the advice of the prime minister, within four years of the previous election, or may be triggered by the government losing a confidence vote in the House.

4. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and have to operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons.

5. The Constitution Act, 1867, outlines that the members of the Queen’s Privy Council are to be summoned and appointed for life by the governor general, though convention dictates that this has to be done on the advice of the sitting prime minister.

6. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees basic rights and freedoms that usually cannot be overridden by any government.

7. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are to be appointed after consultation with nongovernmental legal bodies.

8. Politicians can sometimes try to use to their favour the complexity of the relationship between the monarch, viceroy, ministers, and parliament, and the public's general unfamiliarity with it.

9. The legislatures of the Provinces may only pass laws relating to topics explicitly reserved for them by the constitution, such as education, provincial officers, municipal government, and charitable institutions, while any matter not under the exclusive authority of the provincial Legislatures is within the scope of the federal parliament's power.

10. Almost all cases, whether criminal or civil, start in provincial courts and may be eventually appealed to higher level courts.

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1. To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the person who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons.

2. An adversarial parliamentary system is intended to keep the government in check.

3. Canada's judiciary plays an important role in interpreting laws and has the power to strike down laws that violate the Constitution.

4. The Crown, acting on the advice of the prime minister, provides the necessary Royal Assent to make bills into law. It also summons, prorogues, and dissolves parliament in order to call an election.

5. The monarch is personally represented in each area by a viceroy to carry out the majority of the Queen's duties on her behalf.

6. If no party holds a majority in the Commons, the leader of one party— either the one with the most seats or one supported by other parties— will be called by the governor general to form a minority government.

7. In some cases the jurisdictions of the federal and provincial parliaments may be vague. The examples include the powers of both the federal and provincial parliaments to impose taxes, borrow money, punish crimes, and regulate agriculture.

8. The last formal meeting of the Privy Council was held in 1981 to give formal consent to the marriage of the Prince of Wales to the Lady Diana Spencer.

9. The Canadian constitution gives the federal government the exclusive right to legislate criminal law while the provinces have exclusive control over civil law.

10. Each province and territory in Canada has a Provincial (or Territorial) Court, to hear certain types of cases.