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1. This is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories.
2. Located in the northern part of the continent, Canada is the second largest country in the world.
3. Canada has the longest border in the world shared with the USA.
4. The Appalachian mountain range extends from Georgia in the southern United States through the Gaspé Peninsula and the Atlantic Provinces, creating rolling hills indented by river valleys.
5. Beginning in 1867, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.
6. The widening autonomy from the UK took place in the 20th century.
7. Canada governed as a parliamentary democracy is a constitutional monarchy.
8. Canada is one of the world’s highly developed counties with a diversified economy.
9. Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories, grouped further into regions.
10. Each province has its own "Crown" represented by the lieutenant-governor, whereas the territories are not sovereign, but simply parts of the federal realm, and have a commissioner.
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| in (4), between, across, from, for (2), of (4), on, into, with (3), to, by |
1. Canada is composed … ten provinces and three territories, located … the northern part … the continent.
2. The country stretches … the Atlantic … the Pacific Ocean.
3. Canada’s border … America is the longest … the world.
4. The country was inhabited … millennia … Aboriginal people.
5. Canada is parliamentary democracy … the British Queen as the head … state.
6. All provinces and territories are grouped … four regions.
7. The federal government ensures uniform standards … services and taxation … rich and poor provinces.
8. Provinces are responsible … social programs.
9. All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region … Canada … about 100,000 people spread … a huge area.
10. … 2011, Canada spent approximately $29.9 billion … domestic research and development.
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1. Canada consists of…
2. The country is located in…
3. Canada borders…
4. Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces in…
5. Canada is a federal state headed by…
6. Official languages of the country are…
7. The main Canada’s trading partner is…
8. Canada is a federation that cinsists of…
9. Canadian provinces are jurisdictions responsible for…
10. The federal government makes equalization payments…
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1. What is the territorial division of Canada?
2. Where is Canada situated?
3. What country has the common border with Canada?
4. When was Canada first discovered?
5. What countries settled their colonies on Canada’s territory?
6. What is the political structure of Canada?
7. Who is the head of state?
8. What is the official language in the country?
9. What are the main differences between provinces and territories?
10. What is the role of federal government?
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ЧАСТЬ II.
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Bilingual Country.
Canada's two official languages are English and French. Official bilingualism is defined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Official Languages Act, and Official Language Regulations; it is applied by the Commissioner of Official Languages. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. Citizens have the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French, and official-language minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories.
English and French are the first languages of 59.7 and 23.2 percent of the population respectively. Approximately 98 percent of Canadians speak English or French: 57.8% speak English only, 22.1% speak French only, and 17.4% speak both. English and French Official Language Communities, defined by First Official Language Spoken, constitute 73.0 and 23.6 percent of the population respectively.
The Charter of the French Language makes French the official language in Quebec. Although more than 85 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in Ontario, Alberta, and southern Manitoba; Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province, has a French-speaking Acadian minority constituting 33 percent of the population. There are also clusters of Acadians in southwestern Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Island, and through central and western Prince Edward Island.
Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services in addition to English. Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec speak both English and French in the provincial legislatures, and laws are enacted in both languages. In Ontario, French has received some legal status but it is not fully co-official.
Geography.
By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia. By land area, Canada ranks fourth.
Canada occupies a major northern portion of North America, sharing the land borders with the contiguous United States to the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. The Danish island dependency of Greenland lies to Canada's northeast, separated from the Canadian Arctic islands by Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. The French islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon lie off the southern coast of Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and have a maritime territorial enclave within Canada's Exclusive Economic Zone. Canada also shares a land border with Denmark.
The country lies between latitudes 41° and 84°N, and longitudes 52° and 141°W. Since 1925, Canada has claimed the portion of the Arctic between 60° and 141°W longitude, but this claim is not universally recognized. The northernmost settlement in Canada (and in the world) is Canadian Forces Station Alert on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island - 817 kilometres from the North Pole. Much of the Canadian Arctic is covered by ice and permafrost. Canada also has the longest coastline in the world: 202,080 kilometres.
Since the last glacial period Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions, including extensive boreal forest on the Canadian Shield. Canada has more lakes than any other country, containing much of the world's fresh water. There are also fresh-water glaciers in the Canadian Rockies and the Coast Mountains. Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes. The volcanic eruption of Tseax Cone in 1775 caused a catastrophic disaster, killing 2,000 Nisga'a people and destroying their village in the Nass River valley of northern British Columbia; the eruption produced a 22.5-kilometre lava flow, and according to legend of the Nisga'a people, it blocked the flow of the Nass River.
The population density, 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre, is among the lowest in the world. The most densely populated part of the country is the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor, situated in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River.
Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary according to the location. Winters can be harsh in many regions of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C but can drop below −40 °C with severe wind chills. In noncoastal regions, snow can cover the ground almost six months of the year (more in the north). Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s °C, while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30 °C, with occasional extreme heat in some interior locations exceeding 40 °C.