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Часть А.
1. As per the Constitution Act, 1867, Canada is…
2. The role of the reigning sovereign is…
3. The Queen's Privy Council for Canada is…
4. The Governor General performs…
5. The Prime Minister serves as…
6. The Cabinet is…
7. The House of Commons has…
8. The Senate has…
9. The supreme law of the country is…
10. The Supreme Court of Canada is…
Часть Б.
a) the Constitution of Canada which is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions.
b) 308 members, elected for a maximum five-year term in single-seat constituencies.
c) the head of government, appointed by the Governor General.
d) the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system.
e) the full group of personal consultants to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs.
f) a federal constitutional monarchy.
g) 105 members, permanently (up to age 75) appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister.
h) federal royal duties, selecting the Prime Minister and appointing senators and members of the Supreme Court.
i) responsible to the House of Commons but is chosen and headed by the Prime Minister.
j) both legal and practical, but not political.
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1. The political system of Canada is called…
2. The head of state is…
3. The federal royal duties are represented by…
4. The executive body is represented by…
5. The head of government is…, appointed by…
6. The legislative power is represented by…
7. The Parliament is composed of…
8. The dominant branch of Parliament is…
9. The main law of the country is…
10. The main judicial body of the country is…
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1. What are the main features of Canada’s government structure?
2. Who is the head of state?
3. Who performs royal duties?
4. What institution represents the executive power in the country?
5. What are the main responsibilities of the governor general?
6. What institution represents the legislative power in the country?
7. What chambers is the Parliament of Canada composed of?
8. How are the government responsibilities divided?
9. What role does the Canadian constitution play?
10. What parts of Canadian federation are responsible for common, civil and criminal law?
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ЧАСТЬ IV.
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Economy.
Canada has the tenth largest economy in the world (measured in US dollars at market exchange rates) and is one of the world's wealthiest nations, with a high per-capita income. It is a member of the G7, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, Commonwealth of Nations, Francophonie, OAS, APEC, and United Nations. It is also one of the world's top ten trading nations. Canada is a mixed economy, ranking above the U.S. and most western European nations on the Heritage Foundation's index of economic freedom.
International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, particularly of its natural resources. Agricultural, energy, forestry and mining exports usually account for about a half of Canada's total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufactures account for about 30% of exports. The United States is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for about 73% of exports and 63% of imports as of 2009. The other foreign importers of Canadian goods are the United Kingdom, and Japan.
Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy, having considerable natural resources spread across its varied regions. Atlantic Canada has vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta has large oil and gas resources. The immense Athabasca Oil Sands give Canada the world's second-largest oil reserves, behind Saudi Arabia. Canada is the largest producer of zinc and uranium, and is a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, iron ore and lead.
As with other developed nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians and accounts for 78% of GDP. The largest employer is the retail sector, employing almost 12% of Canadians. The retail industry is mainly concentrated in a small number of chain stores clustered together in shopping malls. The second largest portion of the service sector is the business services, employing only a slightly smaller percentage of the population. This includes the financial services, real estate, and communications industries. The education and health sectors are two of Canada's largest, but both are largely under the purview of the government. Canada has an important high tech industry, and also an entertainment industry creating content both for local and international consumption. Tourism is of ever increasing importance, with the vast majority of international visitors coming from the United States.
Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, centered in Central Canada, with the automobile industry and aircraft industry especially important. In the past century, the growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a more industrial and urban one.
Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. Although the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell dramatically over the 20th century.
The global financial crisis of 2008 caused a recession, which could increase the country's unemployment rate to 10 percent. In 2008, Canada's imported goods were worth over $442.9 billion, of which $280.8 billion was from the United States, $11.7 billion from Japan, and $11.3 billion from the United Kingdom. The country’s 2009 trade deficit totaled C$4.8 billion, compared with a C$46.9 billion surplus in 2008.
As of October 2009, Canada's national unemployment rate was 8.6 percent. Provincial unemployment rates vary from a low of 5.8 percent in Manitoba to a high of 17 percent in Newfoundland and Labrador. Between October 2008, and October 2010, the Canadian labour market lost 162,000 full-time jobs and a total of 224,000 permanent jobs. Canada's federal debt is estimated to be $566.7 billion for 2010–11, up from $463.7 billion in 2008–09.