M.I.Kalinin Integrated Iron and Steel Works in Beloretsk
The Beloretsk Integrated Iron and Steel Works is one of the oldest metallurgical plants in this country.
The works is situated in the Southern Urals,a region of Bashkortostan. It incorporates the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant, the Tirlyansky Sheet Rolling Plant, the Beloretsk Steel Wire and Rope Plant, the Tukan Iron Ore Mining Plant and the Tukan-Beloretsk narrow-gauge railway. The works features a complete metallurgical cycle: from ore mining to making a variety of quality steels and metal ware products. This over two centuries old enterprise dates back to 1762, when I.B.Tverdyshev and I.S. Myasnikov, rich owners of mining and metallurgical plant erected an iron and steel factory at the banks of the Belaya river. Later the first settlement of factory workers founded the town of Beloretsk. At that time consisted of a blast furnace and some shops producing steel strips. The products with the "White Sable" trademark were in great demand owing to their high quality. Also in 1762 the Tirlyansky ironworks was constructed at a site of 35 km from Beloretsk, to become later the Tirlyansky Sheet Rolling Plant. The wire and nail factory founded in 1874 has grown info the current Beloretsk Steel Wire and Rope Plant. Finally, in 1888 the Tukan mine based on the Zigazino-Komarovo ore deposit came on stream to supply iron ore for the entire complex.
By 1917, the year of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Beloretsk Metallurgical Works already became one of the leaders in ferrous metallurgy in the Southern Urals, turning out up to 55,000 tons steel annually.
The workers tookan active part in the revolutionary movement. In July 1918 the 270th Beloretsk Socialist Regiment was formed of the workers, renowned for the many victorious battles and raids as part of the Ural Guerilla Army under the command of V.K.BIucher. The Civil War of 1918-1922 brought devastation, economic chaos and famine, and Beloretsk metallurgical plants were dead till late 1920. The soviet government took urgent measures for rehabilitating the Beloretsk plants. As a result, the maximum pre-revolutionary level of steel and rolled stock production was surpassed as early as 1926. The most intensive development of the Beloretsk plants took place during the years of the five-year plans. By 1923 the wire and nail factory started the manufacture of the first wire, and by 1929 harness wire for the textile industry became available in the country. In the same year card wire requiring high technology was first made.
Hence, the import of such products was stopped saving currency for the young Soviet Republic.
The plant was enlarged and up-dated in 1928-1934, including the construction
Of new steel-wire, coating and wire rope shops. The first steel wire cord shop commissioned in 1932 supplied cord for reinforcing homemade automobile and aircraft types. Early in 1933 the first batches of spring wire were manufactured for the new Gorky Automobile Plant. By 1934 the plant began to produce aircraft control wires and cables to meet the demands of the rapidly growing Soviet aircraft building industry.
The up-dating and overhauling of the Beloretsk plants enabled them to withstand the ordeals and hardships during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The personnel fulfilled all the demands of the war economy for steel and rolled stock. By December 1941 the Beloretsk metallurgists managed to make ball bearing steel using open hearth furnaces. Following that, they started large scale production of wire rod from high-speed steel and of rolled Fe-Cr-AI, Ni-Cr and Fechral alloys. A new process was designed and implemented in 1948-1952 for producing zinc-coated wire.
In 1958 the separate plants were combined to form the present Beloretsk Integrated Iron and Steel Works, the only full-scale metallurgical plant in Russia whose production cycle includes iron ore mining, iron and steel making, and production of high-quality metal ware.
A novel technology was developed for making metal cord possessing high strength and good adhesion to rubber, and by 1961 a large plant was completed which turns out steel cord for reinforcing aircraft and automobile tyres. A process was invented for brass-coating of cord wire, which was then, introduced at all Soviet plants.
One for the major achievements was the construction in 1970 of the alloy wire plant, enabling modern technologies to be implemented and new products for critical applications made. High-quality metal ware meeting the word standards were made available for the Volzhsky Automobile Works ("Lada" cars), including high-quality engine valve spring wire.
An automated rolling mill "150" with an annual capacity of 400,000 tons of wire rod went on line in 1980. The good formability of metal produced by this mill enabled high drawing speeds and large reductions to be achieved, increased labour productivity and cost efficiency of wire rod productions.
Double remelting of steel practiced at the works yields clean steel grade "БП" with extra low non-metallic inclusions, suitable for high quality metal ware. A variety of quality steels and alloys are now used for making high-strength wire with diameters ranging form a few hundredths of a millimeter up to 9 mm. Carbon steel wire is produced in pickled state, of coated with zinc or tin, and used for making wire ropes of various design, with diameters from 0,3 to 54 mm, that find applications in industry and farming. The textile industry is supplied with harness, needle and card wires, reed band and high-precision shaped band.
Alloy steels are used for the manufacture of a range of wires, varying in size and uses: filling wire, alloyed wire, ball bearing and spring wire, heating wire, etc.
The product range also includes special surface-finish wire made of carbon, high-alloy, high-temperature and high-speed grades of steel. Wire and band made of precision alloys find applications in instrument engineering, electronics, for surgical tools, etc. Die-rolled wire and strands are used in the construction industry for concrete reinforcement. Steel wire coated with brass is used for making cord rope suitable for reinforcing heavy-duty automobile tyres. Steel bands of various size and shape are rolled from wire stock and used for compressor valve springs, saw-toothed card clothing, bushings, bicycle chains, vibrating reeds of frequency meters, etc. Every four out of five watches made in the USSR contain springs made in Beloretsk.
To summarize, the Beloretsk Integrated Works turn out products made of about 130 grades of quality steels. Beloretsk wire, rope and band products are used in all branches of industry, and are exported to 20 countries. The works is a permanent participant of a good dozen of annual international fairs and exhibitions, most of the products complying with the highest word standards. The achievements of the Beloretsk Integrated Iron and Steel Works in the manufacture of high- technology products and the contribution to national economy were noted by awarding the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1966. The highly productive heroic labour of Beloretsk metallurgists was acknowledged by awarding the Order of Lenin to 329 workers, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour to 459 workers, and the Order of the Badge of Honor to 238 workers. Engineers and metallurgists were also awarder the annual State Prize and the USSR Council of Ministers Prize.
The Beloretsk metallurgists take pride in their renowned colleagues: steel-maker A.M.Inozemtsev, drawing -mill operator F.K.Suleimanov
and rope-twisting machine operator S.Kh.Mukhametdinova, who are
Heroes of Socialist Labour; drawing-mill operator G.B.Asylkhuzhin and
rope-twisting machine operator T.I.Nemkova, both Full Knights of the
Order of Labour Glory and many others.
A special system is acting at works for professional skill and
proficiency training of the workers, including a night faculty of the
Magnitogorsk Mining Metallurgical Institute, two technical secondary
schools, junior metallurgical college, and refresher courses.
Integrated with the works is a large state-farm "Beloretsky" which
supplies fresh vegetables, meat and dairy products round the year.
The Culture Centre boasts of the Russian and Bashkir drama groups.
Bashkir youths chorus, folk instrument band, and Russian folk chorus.
The dance ensembles are always welcome at celebrations of the
town folk. Seven amateur performance groups were awarded the
title "Folk Ensembles".
The medical department has modern equipment for diagnostics and
treatment. The prophylactic sanatorium is visited each year by more
than 3,000 workers. There is the "Pine Forest" holiday camp some 15
km out of town.
Thousands of metallurgists rest each year at sanatoriums, health
resorts, or take tourist trips in the Soviet Union and abroad.
The works owns a sports stadium, Young Pioneer camps,
kindergartens, and libraries.
The works marked its 249th anniversary in 2011 with new labour
achievements.
M.I.Kalinin Интегрированное Железо и Сталеплавильный завод в Beloretsk
Beloretsk Интегрированное Железо и Сталеплавильный завод является одним из самых старых металлургических заводов в этой стране.
Работы расположены в южном Урале, области Башкортостана. Это включает Металлургический Завод Beloretsk, Листовой Завод Вращения Tirlyansky, Стальной Завод Провода и Веревки Beloretsk, Завод Горной промышленности Железной руды Tukan и узкоколейку Tukan-Beloretsk. Работы показывают полный металлургический цикл: от руды, добывающей к созданию множества качественных сталей и металлических продуктов изделия. Это более чем два столетия старое предприятие относится ко времени 1762, когда И.Б.Твердышев и I.S. Мясников, богатые владельцы горной промышленности и металлургического завода установил железо и стальную фабрику в банках реки Белой. Позже первое урегулирование фабричных рабочих основало город Beloretsk. Тогда состоял из доменной печи и некоторых магазинов, производящих стальные полосы. Продукты с "Белой Соболиной" торговой маркой были в большом требовании вследствие их высокого качества. Также в 1762 металлургический завод Tirlyansky был построен на месте 35 км от Beloretsk, чтобы стать позже Листовым Заводом Вращения Tirlyansky. Провод и фабрика гвоздя основали, в 1874 вырастил информацию текущий Завод Провода и Веревки Стали Beloretsk. Наконец, в 1888 шахта Tukan, основанная на месторождении руды Zigazino-Komarovo, начала функционировать, чтобы поставлять железную руду для всего комплекса.
К 1917, год Большой Социалистической революции в октябре, Beloretsk Metallurgical Works уже стали одним из лидеров в железной металлургии в южном Урале, оказываясь 55 000-тонной сталью ежегодно.
Рабочие tookan активный компонент в революционном движении. В июле 1918 270-ый Социалистический Полк Beloretsk был сформирован из рабочих, известных многими победными сражениями и набегами как часть Уральской армии Партизана под командой V.K.BIucher. Гражданская война 1918-1922 принесенных опустошений, экономического хаоса и голода, и Beloretsk металлургические заводы была мертва до конца 1920. Советское правительство приняло срочные меры для того, чтобы реабилитировать заводы Beloretsk. В результате максимальный предреволюционный уровень стали и катился, производство запаса было превзойдено уже в 1926. Самое интенсивное развитие заводов Beloretsk имело место в течение лет пятилетних планов. К 1923 провод и фабрика гвоздя начали изготовление первого провода, и к 1929 используйте провод для текстильной промышленности, стал доступным в стране. В том же самом проводе карты года, требующем высокой технологии, был сначала сделан.
Следовательно, импорт таких продуктов был остановлен, экономя валюту для молодой советской республики.
Завод был увеличен и обновлен в 1928-1934, включая строительство
Из нового стального провода, покрытия и магазинов проволочного троса. Первый стальной проводной магазин шнура уполномочил в 1932 поставляемый шнур для того, чтобы укрепить homemade автомобиль и типы самолетов. В начале 1933 первые партии весеннего провода были произведены для нового Завода по производству Автомобилей Горького. К 1934 завод начал производить провода контроля за самолетом и кабели, чтобы удовлетворить требованиям быстро растущей советской промышленности самолетостроения.
Обновление и перестройка заводов Beloretsk позволили им противостоять испытаниям и затруднениям во время Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945. Персонал выполнил все требования экономики военного времени для стали и катил запас. К декабрю 1941 металлургам Beloretsk удалось сделать сталь шарикоподшипника, использующую открытые печи очага. Следующий, что, они начали крупномасштабное производство проводного прута от быстрорежущей стали и катившего Fe-Cr-AI, Ni-Cr и сплавов Fechral. Новый процесс был разработан и осуществлен в 1948-1952 для того, чтобы произвести покрытый цинком провод.
В 1958 отдельные заводы были объединены, чтобы сформировать существующий Beloretsk Интегрированное Железо и Сталеплавильный завод, единственный полномасштабный металлургический завод в России, производственный цикл которой включает горную промышленность железной руды, железо и стальное создание, и производство высококачественного металлического изделия