Ex. VII. Translate into English
1. Я не помітила, чи пила вона каву. 2. Він бачив поліцейського, який робив обхід. 3. Я чув, як вони розмовляли на сходах. 4. Але сьогодні я тільки хочу, щоб цей стілець віднесли на горище. 5. Йому потрібно сфотографуватись наступного тижня. 6. Вона почула, що назвали її ім'я, й повернулася. 7. Одне з вікон було відкрите й крізь нього я бачив жінку, яка стояла за столом. 8. Я чув, як менеджер казав, що завод тільки що почав виробництво нової моделі обладнання. 9. Він бачив, як інженери обговорювали характеристики роботи цього пристрою. 10. Ми б хотіли, щоб це питання було розглянуто негайно. 11. Чули, як він просив поставити йому товари зі складу (to supply from stock), тому що в нього було обмаль часу. 12. Генеральний директор бажає, щоб наша лабораторія була оснащена найкращим обладнанням на ринку.
Oral practice: Ukraine: Economic Activity
Ex. I. Pre-reading task: Discuss the following: what changes would you make if you became president of this country one day?
Ex. II. Read the following text and do the exercises below:
Ukraine’s common designation as the “breadbasket of Europe” reflects the traditional importance of agriculture in the country economy.
Climatic conditions of Ukraine are favourable for agriculture and make it possible to cultivate many valuable agricultural crops: grain and sugar beet, sunflower and flax, vegetables and fruits. Tea plantations are grown today on the slopes of the Carpathians. Cattle, pig and sheep-breeding, poultry farming, bee-keeping are being successfully developed in Ukraine. The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, the Dnipro, the Dniester, the South Bug, the Prut, the Tisa River and lakes are fish-breeding plantations of Ukraine.
Ukraine’s reputation as the breadbasket of Europe is well deserved. The French writer Honore de Balzac, who lived in Ukraine from 1847 through 1850, counted 77 ways of preparing bread. Bread is so important a part of life that Ukrainians have a custom of greeting honoured guests with a loaf of bread topped with a mound of salt. Ukrainian groups still use this custom today in welcoming ceremonies for dignitaries and important persons.
Industrialization began in the late 19th century and continued mostly in the Donbas and the central Dnipro region. The industry of Ukraine includes mighty metallurgy, multibranched machine building, power engineering and chemical production. Ukraine delivers to other countries automobiles and buses, excavators and powerful locomotives, TV-sets, sea-going liners and river ships, aircraft and turbines. It produces modern supersonic airliners, grain harvesters, computers, robots and agricultural products.
Central planning led to sectional imbalances and reliance on suppliers from other Soviet republics, which resulted in serious economic difficulties when independence came. The transition to a market economy has been declared by Ukraine’s government. Legislation on privatisation was enacted in 1992 and some progress toward that end was made in the service sector.
Over 40% of the labour force is employed in industry. The east remains the most industrialized area, followed by the south; the western, and especially the central regions still lag in industrial development. Extractive industries (the mining of coal, iron ore, and other minerals) have long been important. Former economic policies in Ukraine favoured heavy machine industry to the detriment of light industry and consumer goods. Much of Ukraine’s preindependence industry was devoted to the production of military equipment, and the retooling of plants for civilian production is a high priority.
Ukraine’s leading industrial centres include Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Donetsk in the east; Dniproopetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kryvyi Rih in the central Dnipro basin; and the Black Sea ports of Odessa, Kherson, and Mykolaiv, which are important for the shipbuilding industry.
Ukraine possesses resources in rare metals, coal, peat, petroleum, gas, lead, marble, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and different salts but insufficient oil reserves to meet its energy needs. Iron ore and other mineral resources are most abundant in the Donets Basin and the Dnipro Basin, which are the nation's industrial heartlands.
It exports such commodities as coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat and imports such commodities as energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles.
Active Words and Phrases:
| designation | позначення | transition | перехід |
| imbalance | відсутність рівноваги; невідповідність | retool | переоснащення |
| reliance | опора | peat | торф |
| appoint | призначати | lead | свинець |
| lag | відставати | marble | мармур |
| detriment | шкода | sulphur | сірка |
| legislation | законодавство | timber | лісоматеріал |
Ex. III. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
1) головний зерновий район;
2) кінець 19-ого сторіччя;
3) серйозні економічні труднощі;
4) законодавство з приватизації;
5) споживчі товари;
6) сфера обслуговування;
7) робоча сила;
8) багатогалузеве машинобудування;
9) перехід до ринкової економіки
10) першочергова задача
Ex. IV. Here are the answers. Work out the questions:
1. Agriculture.
2. Sectional imbalances and reliance on suppliers from other Soviet republics.
3. In 1992.
4. Over 40%.
5. The production of military equipment.
6. Rare metals, coal, peat, petroleum, gas, lead, marble, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and different salts.
7. Coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat.
8. Energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles.