Learn the following words and word combinations

Vocabulary List

conversation разговор	opportunity возможность
dictionary словарь	to get acquainted with знакомиться с
to add добавлять	mentality менталитет
to absorb впитывать, поглощать	toleranceтерпимость
to mix with смешиваться с чем-либо	vulnerable уязвимый, ранимый
communication общение	to sum up обобщать, суммировать
foreign иностранный	fashion мода
society общество	to realize понимать, осознавать
modern современный	reason причина
to require требовать	to waste time тратить время зря
essential основной, важный, неотъемлемый	pleasure удовольствие
demand требование	advertisement реклама
advantage/disadvantage преимущество/недостаток	effort усилие
experience опыт	fluently бегло
access доступ	qualified квалифицированный
ability способность	equivalentэквивалент
negotiations переговоры	pronunciation произношение
efficient эффективный, действенный	confidence уверенность
to travel путешествовать	to enjoy наслаждаться
abroad за границей, за границу	to divide делить

TEXT 1. Read and translate.

Some Facts about English

· There were only 30 000 words in Old English. Modern English has the largest vocabulary in the world – more than 600 000 words.

· There are about 60 000 words in common use.

· About 450-500 words are added to the English vocabulary every year.

· 70 per cent of the English vocabulary are loan words and only 30 per cent of the words are native.

· There are words from 120 languages in English, including Russian.

· The most frequently used words in written English are:

the, of, and, to, a, in, that, is, I, it, for.

· The most frequently used word in conversation is I.

· The longest word in the English language is:

Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (a lung disease).

· The commonest letter is «e».

· More words begin with the letter «s» than any other.

· The most overworked word in English is the word set. It has 126 verbal uses and 58 noun uses.

· The newest letters added to the English alphabet are «j» and «v», which are of post-Shakespearean use.

· The sentence «The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog» includes every letter of the English alphabet.

· The words «racecar», «kayak» and «level»can be read the same way in either direction.

· The words «month», «orange», «silver», or «purple» have no rhymes.

· The largest English-language dictionary is the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary, with 21 728 pages.

· The commonest English name is Smith. There are about 800 000 people called Smith in England and Wales, and about 1 700 000 in the USA.

TEXT 2. Read and translate. Give a summary of the text.

The Future of English

Geographically, English is the most widespread language on earth, and it is second only to Chinese in number of people who speak it. It is spoken in the British Isles, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and much of Canada and South Africa. That’s about 400 million people.

English is also a second language of another 300 million people living in more than 60 countries. If you add to this the enormous number of people who learn to understand and speak English (like yourself), you will realize that English is indeed a «world language».

In Shakespeare’s time only a few million people spoke English. All of them lived in what is now Great Britain. Through the centuries, as a result of various historical events, English spread throughout the world. Five hundred years ago they didn’t speak English in North America: the American Indians had their own languages. So did the Eskimos in Canada, the aborigines in Australia, and the Maoris in New Zealand. The English arrived and set up their colonies.

Today English is represented in every continent and in the three main oceans – the Atlantic, the Indian and the Pacific.

English is mixing with and marrying other languages around the world. It is probably the most insatiable borrower. There are words from 120 languages in its vocabulary, including Arabic, French, German, Greek, Italian, Russian and Spanish.

Other languages absorb English words too, often giving them new forms and new meanings. So many Japanese, French and Germans mix English words with their mother tongues that the resulting hybrids are called Japlish, Franglais and Denglish. In Japanese, for example, there is a verb Makudonaru, to eat at McDonald’s.

One of the many «Englishes» spoken and written today is Euro-English. Euro-English has its origins in the political arena of the European community.

A century ago, some linguists predicted that one day England, America, Australia and Canada would be speaking different languages. However, with the advent of records, cinema, radio, and television, the two brands of English have even begun to draw back together again. Britons and Americans probably speak more alike today than they did 50 or 60 years ago. In the 1930s and 1940s, for example, American films were dubbed in England. It’s no longer the practice today.

People have long been interested in having one language that could be spoken throughout the world. Such a language would help to increase cultural and economic ties and simplify communication between people. Through the years, at least 600 universal languages have been proposed, including Esperanto. About 10 million people have learned Esperanto since its creation in 1887, but English, according to specialists, has better chances to become a global language. So, why not learn it?