E) as adverbial modifiers of purpose
| to ask | to get rid | to invite | to relax | to get |
1) Sally took an aspirin …of her headache.
2) I take long walks… .
3) She stayed after classes …her professor some questions.
4) She has to wake up early … to work on time.
5) I called Betsy … her to the party.
16. Combine the following pairs of sentences into one using the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of result. Use tooorenoughwhere necessary.
1) He felt excited. He couldn't sleep. – He felt too excited to sleep.
2) I was tired. I couldn't go out with them.
3) He was angry. He couldn't care what he did.
4) Bill was angry with me. He didn't invite me to his party.
5) He wasn't manly. He couldn't admit his mistake.
6) They were polite. They didn't say that it was your fault.
7) The boy was sleepy. He couldn't read the text to the end.
8) My cousin was optimistic. She applied for the job again.
9) The old man was broad-minded. He sympathized with the younger generation.
10) James was rich. He could buy a new house.
Translate into English.
1) Важливо мати гарних друзів.
2) Вам знадобиться двадцять хвилин, щоб дістатися до вокзалу.
3) Вона була рада отримати так багато подарунків.
4) Моя мета – стати гарним спеціалістом у цій галузі.
5) Завдання кожної людини – берегти природу.
6) Я дуже хочу поговорити з вами.
7) Вона була щаслива, що отримала нову роботу.
8) Він першим запропонував їй допомогу.
9) Я останньою дізналася про його приїзд.
10) Він достатньо досвідчений, щоб виконати цю роботу вчасно.
| Unit 20 Agrarian Policy of Ukraine | |
| Vocabulary in Use Ukraine’s Agricultural Policy Types of Agricultural Enterprises in Ukraine Cooperation in Agriculture Language Focus Infinitive Constructions |
Vocabulary In Use
1. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
| 1) land share 2) joint stock company 3) household plot 4) land estate 5) rented land 6) agricultural commodities 7) ownership 8) value-added tax (VAT) | a) орендована земля b) земельний пай c) податок на додану вартість d) власник e) сільськогосподарська продукція f) акціонерне товариство g) присадибна ділянка h) земельна власність, нерухомість |
Match the words to their definitions.
| 1) tax 2) enterprise 3) income 4) partnership 5) subsidy | a) a business organization b) an association of two or more partners in a business enterprise c) a grant or gift of money d) a required payment on goods, property that goes to the government e) the amount of money received by a person, group or company during a certain period of time |
3. Make up word combinations and give their Ukrainian equivalents:
| rural market foreign collective state concessional | price regulation taxes trade area farm |
Match the words with similar meanings.
| 1) subsidy 2) plot 3) tax 4) owner 5) enterprise | a) possessor b) company c) patch d) duty e) grant |
Fill in the words from the list.
| enterprise market trade | income taxes ownership |
1) Ukraine shows an increasing positive _____ balance in agricultural products.
2) The decision was made to raise _____.
3) When he purchased the company it was a thriving commercial _____.
4) Farming is his main source of _____.
5) The privatisation process is not yet over as there are still limitations on _____.
6) Ukraine occupies one of the leading positions on the world _____ of grain crops
READING AND speaking
Read the following text.
Ukraine’s Agricultural Policy
The role of agriculture in the Ukrainian economy is remarkable. Almost two thirds of the country’s area is used for agricultural production. The agricultural sector contributes significantly to the employment and the GDP. It provides the population with food at the level of 95% that is one of the highest rates in the world. Besides of that, the agricultural products market of Ukraine has a vast potential to increase in the absolute numbers and great possibilities to substitute many import positions. Due to UNO data Ukraine closes the set of three world leaders as for the dynamics in agricultural production (after Brazil and Russia). Furthermore, agriculture has a pivotal role in foreign trade.
The main cornerstones of Ukrainian agricultural policy were laid down in the “Law on Basic Principles of the State Agrarian Policy” in 2005 where long-term objectives were established until 2015. These include:
1. Food security.
2. Efficiency and international competitiveness of the agricultural sector.
3. Integrated development of rural areas and improvement of social conditions of rural people.
In 2007 a program was attached to the above-mentioned law called State Targeted Program for Development of the Ukrainian Countryside. This program renders concrete tasks for the objectives and determines financial (both governmental and private) sources and needs for the specific tasks. In 2008 the third objective was further affirmed with the National Program for Rural Development
The main agricultural policy measures include input subsidies through concessional taxes and credit availabilities for agricultural producers. One feature of these subsidies is the option for agricultural producers and food processors to hold back their VAT payments. Further support is granted in the form of tax and credit preferences. Different forms of market price support instruments are widespread. Minimum price is an important market price support measure. Mostly grains, oilseeds, and livestock products are "subject to state regulation".
Ukrainian government provides direct budgetary subsidies for different purchased inputs, like electricity, fuel for irrigation, domestically produced fertilisers, and seeds.
Another form of financial support aims to develop the quality of agricultural plants and livestock products. For example, support can be received in order to improve seed production, pedigree breeding, and biotechnologies.
Among Ukraine’s agro-environmental measures the goal is the protection and rational usage of agricultural land.
5-year prospects:
ü increase of the volumes of internal consumption and export;
ü import substitution with the domestic production;
ü the improvement of the conditions for the activity of the enterprises due to the state support;
ü increase of competition due to the sector attractiveness;
ü increase of the competitiveness of the domestic products comparing to the import ones.
Answer the questions.
1) What role does agriculture play in the Ukrainian economy?
2) What are the main objectives, laid down in the “Law on Basic Principles of State Agrarian Policy”?
3) What other state documents affirm Ukrainian agricultural policy?
8. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and phrases:
зайнятість (робочої сили), найвищий відсоток, ринок сільгосппродуктів, основна роль, наріжний камінь, довготривалі цілі, безпека продуктів харчування, міжнародна конкурентоздатність, соціально-побутові умови, пільгові податки, доступність кредиту, мінімальна ціна, державне регулювання.